The Experts below are selected from a list of 7122 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B Leyland-jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evading anti-angiogenic therapy: resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in solid tumours
American journal of translational research, 2015Co-Authors: N Dey, B Leyland-jonesAbstract:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependent tumor angiogenesis is an essential step for the initiation and promotion of tumor progression. The hypothesis that VEGF-driven tumor angiogenesis is necessary and sufficient for metastatic progression of the tumor, has been the major premise of the use of anti-VEGF therapy for decades. While the success of anti-VEGF therapy in solid tumors has led to the success of knowledge-based-therapies over the past several years, failures of this therapeutic approach due to the development of inherent/acquired resistance has led to the increased understanding of VEGF-independent angiogenesis. Today, tumor-angiogenesis is not a Synonymous Term to VEGF-dependent function. The extensive study of VEGF-independent angiogenesis has revealed several key factors responsible for this phenomenon including the role of myeloid cells, and the contribution of entirely new phenomenon like vascular mimicry. In this review, we will present the cellular and molecular factors related to the development of anti-angiogenic resistance following anti-VEGF therapy in different solid tumors.
N Dey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evading anti-angiogenic therapy: resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in solid tumours
American journal of translational research, 2015Co-Authors: N Dey, B Leyland-jonesAbstract:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependent tumor angiogenesis is an essential step for the initiation and promotion of tumor progression. The hypothesis that VEGF-driven tumor angiogenesis is necessary and sufficient for metastatic progression of the tumor, has been the major premise of the use of anti-VEGF therapy for decades. While the success of anti-VEGF therapy in solid tumors has led to the success of knowledge-based-therapies over the past several years, failures of this therapeutic approach due to the development of inherent/acquired resistance has led to the increased understanding of VEGF-independent angiogenesis. Today, tumor-angiogenesis is not a Synonymous Term to VEGF-dependent function. The extensive study of VEGF-independent angiogenesis has revealed several key factors responsible for this phenomenon including the role of myeloid cells, and the contribution of entirely new phenomenon like vascular mimicry. In this review, we will present the cellular and molecular factors related to the development of anti-angiogenic resistance following anti-VEGF therapy in different solid tumors.
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Review Article Evading anti-angiogenic therapy: resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in solid tumors
2015Co-Authors: N Dey, Leyland-jones BrianAbstract:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) dependent tumor angiogenesis is an essential step for the initiation and promotion of tumor progression. The hypothesis that VEGF-driven tumor angiogenesis is necessary and sufficient for metastatic progression of the tumor, has been the major premise of the use of anti-VEGF therapy for decades. While the success of anti-VEGF therapy in solid tumors has led to the success of knowledge-based- therapies over the past several years, failures of this therapeutic approach due to the development of inherent/ acquired resistance has led to the increased understanding of VEGF-independent angiogenesis. Today, tumor- angiogenesis is not a Synonymous Term to VEGF-dependent function. The extensive study of VEGF-independent angiogenesis has revealed several key factors responsible for this phenomenon including the role of myeloid cells, and the contribution of entirely new phenomenon like vascular mimicry. In this review, we will present the cellular and molecular factors related to the development of anti-angiogenic resistance following anti-VEGF therapy in different solid tumors.
Andrew Halliday - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research, part of a Special Feature on Cooperation, Local Communities, and Marine Social-ecological Systems: New Findings from Latin America Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
2013Co-Authors: Milena Arias Schreiber, Andrew HallidayAbstract:The Term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a Synonymous Term is common pool resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are considered prerequisites for long-Term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case study, the conditions that supported the transition towards sustainability were: clearly defined resource boundaries, monitoring of rule enforcement, and conflict resolution mechanisms among users and management authorities. On the other hand, clearly defined user boundaries, collective choice arrangements, and nested enterprises were not required to achieve sustainability. The study concludes that the design principles are a valuable tool for analysis and understanding of large-scale common pool resource systems. At the same time it suggests that the application of the principles to a wider range of systems can generate new insights into what is required for successful management of common pool resources. RESUMEN. Los "bienes comunes" se refieren colectivamente a los recursos explotados y sus sistemas de uso, y tambien se conocen como recursos de propiedad comun (CPR). Los recursos marinos han sido considerados tradicionalmente como CPR y como uno de los ejemplos mas conocidos de uso no sostenible de los recursos naturales. Este trabajo examina una de las escasas pesquerias importantes a nivel mundial que se considera sostenible -la pesqueria de la Anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens), considerando el grado en que las caracteristicas institucionales de esta pesqueria se ajustan a los principios de diseno de gobernanza de recursos comunes que se consideran requisitos previos para el exito a largo plazo en la gestion de CPR. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que una mayor observancia y conformidad con los principios de diseno durante la fase sostenible de la pesqueria, en comparacion con su etapa insostenible. Para este caso de estudio cabe destacar que una clara definicion de los limites de uso del recurso, la aplicacion de reglas de supervision y mecanismos de resolucion de conflictos entre los usuarios y las autoridades de gestion, han sido todos ellos factores que han apoyado la transicion hacia la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Por otro lado, una clara definicion de los limites de uso por parte de los usuarios, la eleccion de acuerdos colectivos y la union entre empresas no han sido requisitos para lograr la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Concluimos que el diseno de principios constituye una valiosa herramienta para el analisis y la comprension de los grandes sistemas de CPR. Al mismo tiempo, este estudio sugiere que la aplicacion de los principios a una gama mas amplia de sistemas puede generar nuevos conocimientos que permitiran una gestion exitosa de los CPR.
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Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
Ecology and Society, 2013Co-Authors: Milena Arias Schreiber, Andrew HallidayAbstract:The Term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a Synonymous Term is common pool resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are considered prerequisites for long-Term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case study, the conditions that supported the transition towards sustainability were: clearly defined resource boundaries, monitoring of rule enforcement, and conflict resolution mechanisms among users and management authorities. On the other hand, clearly defined user boundaries, collective choice arrangements, and nested enterprises were not required to achieve sustainability. The study concludes that the design principles are a valuable tool for analysis and understanding of large-scale common pool resource systems. At the same time it suggests that the application of the principles to a wider range of systems can generate new insights into what is required for successful management of common pool resources. RESUMEN. Los "bienes comunes" se refieren colectivamente a los recursos explotados y sus sistemas de uso, y tambien se conocen como recursos de propiedad comun (CPR). Los recursos marinos han sido considerados tradicionalmente como CPR y como uno de los ejemplos mas conocidos de uso no sostenible de los recursos naturales. Este trabajo examina una de las escasas pesquerias importantes a nivel mundial que se considera sostenible -la pesqueria de la Anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens), considerando el grado en que las caracteristicas institucionales de esta pesqueria se ajustan a los principios de diseno de gobernanza de recursos comunes que se consideran requisitos previos para el exito a largo plazo en la gestion de CPR. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que una mayor observancia y conformidad con los principios de diseno durante la fase sostenible de la pesqueria, en comparacion con su etapa insostenible. Para este caso de estudio cabe destacar que una clara definicion de los limites de uso del recurso, la aplicacion de reglas de supervision y mecanismos de resolucion de conflictos entre los usuarios y las autoridades de gestion, han sido todos ellos factores que han apoyado la transicion hacia la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Por otro lado, una clara definicion de los limites de uso por parte de los usuarios, la eleccion de acuerdos colectivos y la union entre empresas no han sido requisitos para lograr la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Concluimos que el diseno de principios constituye una valiosa herramienta para el analisis y la comprension de los grandes sistemas de CPR. Al mismo tiempo, este estudio sugiere que la aplicacion de los principios a una gama mas amplia de sistemas puede generar nuevos conocimientos que permitiran una gestion exitosa de los CPR.
Milena Arias Schreiber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research, part of a Special Feature on Cooperation, Local Communities, and Marine Social-ecological Systems: New Findings from Latin America Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
2013Co-Authors: Milena Arias Schreiber, Andrew HallidayAbstract:The Term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a Synonymous Term is common pool resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are considered prerequisites for long-Term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case study, the conditions that supported the transition towards sustainability were: clearly defined resource boundaries, monitoring of rule enforcement, and conflict resolution mechanisms among users and management authorities. On the other hand, clearly defined user boundaries, collective choice arrangements, and nested enterprises were not required to achieve sustainability. The study concludes that the design principles are a valuable tool for analysis and understanding of large-scale common pool resource systems. At the same time it suggests that the application of the principles to a wider range of systems can generate new insights into what is required for successful management of common pool resources. RESUMEN. Los "bienes comunes" se refieren colectivamente a los recursos explotados y sus sistemas de uso, y tambien se conocen como recursos de propiedad comun (CPR). Los recursos marinos han sido considerados tradicionalmente como CPR y como uno de los ejemplos mas conocidos de uso no sostenible de los recursos naturales. Este trabajo examina una de las escasas pesquerias importantes a nivel mundial que se considera sostenible -la pesqueria de la Anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens), considerando el grado en que las caracteristicas institucionales de esta pesqueria se ajustan a los principios de diseno de gobernanza de recursos comunes que se consideran requisitos previos para el exito a largo plazo en la gestion de CPR. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que una mayor observancia y conformidad con los principios de diseno durante la fase sostenible de la pesqueria, en comparacion con su etapa insostenible. Para este caso de estudio cabe destacar que una clara definicion de los limites de uso del recurso, la aplicacion de reglas de supervision y mecanismos de resolucion de conflictos entre los usuarios y las autoridades de gestion, han sido todos ellos factores que han apoyado la transicion hacia la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Por otro lado, una clara definicion de los limites de uso por parte de los usuarios, la eleccion de acuerdos colectivos y la union entre empresas no han sido requisitos para lograr la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Concluimos que el diseno de principios constituye una valiosa herramienta para el analisis y la comprension de los grandes sistemas de CPR. Al mismo tiempo, este estudio sugiere que la aplicacion de los principios a una gama mas amplia de sistemas puede generar nuevos conocimientos que permitiran una gestion exitosa de los CPR.
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Uncommon among the Commons? Disentangling the Sustainability of the Peruvian Anchovy Fishery
Ecology and Society, 2013Co-Authors: Milena Arias Schreiber, Andrew HallidayAbstract:The Term "commons" refers to collectively exploited resources and their systems of usage; a Synonymous Term is common pool resources. Fisheries are typical common pool resources and also one of the most conspicuous examples of unsustainable use of natural resources. We examine one of the few globally important fisheries that is held to be sustainable, the Peruvian anchovy fishery, and considers the extent to which the institutional characteristics of the fishery conform to design principles that are considered prerequisites for long-Term, successful, community-based common pool resources. Results showed that greater conformity to the principles was found in the sustainable phase of the fishery, compared to its unsustainable phase. For this case study, the conditions that supported the transition towards sustainability were: clearly defined resource boundaries, monitoring of rule enforcement, and conflict resolution mechanisms among users and management authorities. On the other hand, clearly defined user boundaries, collective choice arrangements, and nested enterprises were not required to achieve sustainability. The study concludes that the design principles are a valuable tool for analysis and understanding of large-scale common pool resource systems. At the same time it suggests that the application of the principles to a wider range of systems can generate new insights into what is required for successful management of common pool resources. RESUMEN. Los "bienes comunes" se refieren colectivamente a los recursos explotados y sus sistemas de uso, y tambien se conocen como recursos de propiedad comun (CPR). Los recursos marinos han sido considerados tradicionalmente como CPR y como uno de los ejemplos mas conocidos de uso no sostenible de los recursos naturales. Este trabajo examina una de las escasas pesquerias importantes a nivel mundial que se considera sostenible -la pesqueria de la Anchoveta peruana (Engraulis ringens), considerando el grado en que las caracteristicas institucionales de esta pesqueria se ajustan a los principios de diseno de gobernanza de recursos comunes que se consideran requisitos previos para el exito a largo plazo en la gestion de CPR. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que una mayor observancia y conformidad con los principios de diseno durante la fase sostenible de la pesqueria, en comparacion con su etapa insostenible. Para este caso de estudio cabe destacar que una clara definicion de los limites de uso del recurso, la aplicacion de reglas de supervision y mecanismos de resolucion de conflictos entre los usuarios y las autoridades de gestion, han sido todos ellos factores que han apoyado la transicion hacia la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Por otro lado, una clara definicion de los limites de uso por parte de los usuarios, la eleccion de acuerdos colectivos y la union entre empresas no han sido requisitos para lograr la sostenibilidad de la pesqueria. Concluimos que el diseno de principios constituye una valiosa herramienta para el analisis y la comprension de los grandes sistemas de CPR. Al mismo tiempo, este estudio sugiere que la aplicacion de los principios a una gama mas amplia de sistemas puede generar nuevos conocimientos que permitiran una gestion exitosa de los CPR.
N Countouris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uses and misuses of mutuality of obligations
2015Co-Authors: N CountourisAbstract:This paper critically reviews the way in which English judicial decisions have developed the labour law concept of ‘mutuality of obligations’. The paper suggests that the primary purpose of this concept, as originally developed by Mark Freedland, was intended to be that of bringing to the fore of labour contract law analysis some relational aspects of work contracts that traditional contract law elements, such as contractual consideration, had typically failed to acknowledge. It argues that subsequent English court judgments have instead used mutuality as both i) a Synonymous Term of contractual consideration and ii) a pre-requisite of contractual continuity (in a vast range of personal work relations) in a way that clearly defeats the purpose of the concept as originally intended and unduly and adversely affects workers in precarious and atypical employment relations.
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Uses and Misuses of ‘Mutuality of Obligations’ and the Autonomy of Labour Law
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014Co-Authors: N CountourisAbstract:This paper critically reviews the way in which English judicial decisions have developed the labour law concept of ‘mutuality of obligations’. The paper suggests that the primary purpose of this concept, as originally developed by Mark Freedland, was intended to be that of bringing to the fore of labour contract law analysis some relational aspects of work contracts that traditional contract law elements, such as contractual consideration, had typically failed to acknowledge. It argues that subsequent English court judgments have instead used mutuality as both i) a Synonymous Term of contractual consideration and ii) a pre-requisite of contractual continuity (in a vast range of personal work relations) in a way that clearly defeats the purpose of the concept as originally intended and unduly and adversely affects workers in precarious and atypical employment relations.
