Tall Buildings

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Kyoung Sun Moon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparative Evaluation of Structural Systems for Tapered Tall Buildings
    Buildings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kyoung Sun Moon
    Abstract:

    Structural efficiency of tapered Tall Buildings has been well recognized, and many Tall Buildings of tapered forms have been built throughout the world. Tall Buildings are built with an enormous amount of building materials. As one of the most efficient structural forms for Tall Buildings, the contribution of tapered forms to saving structural materials coming from our limited natural resources could be significant. Structural design of Tall Buildings is generally governed by lateral stiffness rather than strength. This paper systematically studies the structural efficiency of tapered Tall Buildings in terms of lateral stiffness. Tall Buildings of various heights and angles of taper are designed with different structural systems prevalently used for today’s Tall Buildings, such as diagrids, braced tubes, and core-outrigger systems. The heights of the studied Buildings range from 60 to 100 stories, and the corresponding height-to-width aspect ratios in their non-tapered prismatic forms range from 6.5 to 10.8. The angles of taper studied are 1, 2, and 3 degrees. Gross floor area of each building of the same story height is maintained to be the same regardless of the different angles of taper. Based on design studies, comparative evaluation of the various structural systems for tapered Tall Buildings is presented.

  • advances in structural systems for Tall Buildings emerging developments for contemporary urban giants
    Buildings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mir M. Ali, Kyoung Sun Moon
    Abstract:

    New developments of Tall Buildings of ever-growing heights have been continuously taking place worldwide. Consequently, many innovations in structural systems have emerged. This paper presents a retrospective survey of the main structural systems for Tall Buildings with emphasis on the advancements of recent, emerging, and potentially emerging systems. A structural systems chart that was previously developed by the authors has been updated in this paper to recognize, categorize and add the more recent structural systems. Recent trends of tubular structural systems in modified forms including the braced megatubes and diagrids are presented. Core-outrigger structural systems are discussed with emphasis on their adaptability. The potential of employing superframes for stand-alone and conjoined megaTall Buildings is predicted. As a means to solve today’s various project-specific complex design requirements, different mixed structural systems for superTall and megaTall Buildings are presented. This paper also discusses the widespread application of composite structural systems and recent trends of concrete cores for contemporary Tall Buildings. Finally, the future of Tall Buildings is predicted as the race for height continues.

  • integrated damping systems for Tall Buildings tuned mass damper double skin facade damping interaction system
    Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 2016
    Co-Authors: Kyoung Sun Moon
    Abstract:

    Summary As today's Tall Buildings become ever Taller and more slender, wind-induced vibration is a serious design issue. This paper presents integrated damping systems for Tall Buildings. An emphasis is placed on investigating the potential of double skin facades (DSF) as an integrated damping system for Tall Buildings. In the first scheme, the connectors between the inner and outer skins of the DSF system are designed to have low axial stiffness with a damping mechanism. Through this design, vibration of the primary building structure can be substantially reduced. However, excessive movements of the DSF outer skin masses are a design limitation. In the second scheme, the tuned mass damper (TMD) and DSF damping (DSFD) interaction system is studied to mitigate the design limitation of the first scheme and to resolve other TMD-related design issues. TMDs are usually very large and located near the top of Tall Buildings for their effective performance. As a result, very valuable occupiable space near the top of Tall Buildings is sacrificed to contain large TMDs. In addition, insTalling TMD systems means adding additional masses to Tall Buildings. Through the TMD/DSFD interaction system, these issues can also be substantially addressed. Compared with the conventional TMD system, the TMD/DSFD interaction system requires a significantly reduced TMD mass ratio to achieve the same target damping ratio. Compared with the first scheme only with the DSFD mechanism, movements of the DSF outer skins can be better controlled in the TMD/DSFD interaction system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • INTEGRATED MULTIPLE TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR Tall Buildings
    Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction, 2014
    Co-Authors: Kyoung Sun Moon
    Abstract:

    As Tall Buildings become Taller and more slender, wind-induced vibration is a serious design issue. InsTalling auxiliary damping devices, such as tuned mass dampers (TMD), is a very reliable solution. TMDs are usually large and located near the top of Tall Buildings for their effective performance. As a result, very valuable occupiable space near the top of Tall Buildings is sacrificed to contain large TMDs, and insTalling TMD systems results in adding additional masses to Tall Buildings. In order to address these issues, more integrated TMD systems for Tall Buildings are studied. First, distributing multiple small TMDs to multiple upper floors of Tall Buildings is investigated. The study results suggest this can be done without substantial loss of the effectiveness of the system. Second, designing existing masses in Tall Buildings to provide damping mechanism is studied. An emphasis is placed on studying the potential of double skin façades (DSF) as an integrated damping system. For this, the connectors between the inner and outer skins of the DSF system are designed to have very low axial stiffness, and the outer skin masses of the DSF system is utilized as damping mass. Wind-induced vibration of Tall building structure can be substantially reduced through this design. Finally, TMD/DSF interaction system is studied to synergistically enhance the performance of the TMD and DSF damping systems.

  • optimal configuration of structural systems for Tall Buildings
    Structures Congress 2012, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung Sun Moon
    Abstract:

    Structural systems for Tall Buildings have evolved to produce higher lateral stiffness more efficiently, and the efficiency of a structural system is significantly influenced by its geometric configuration. Therefore, once a particular structural system is selected for a Tall building, it should be configured very carefully to maximize its structural efficiency and, at the same time, satisfy other non-structural design requirements integratively. This paper investigates optimal configurations of today’s prevalent structural systems for Tall Buildings. Among various structural systems developed for Tall Buildings, the systems with diagonals are generally more efficient because they carry lateral loads by their primary structural members’ axial actions. When the primary lateral load resisting system is located over the building perimeter, the system’s efficiency can be maximized. Tall building structural systems with perimeter diagonals include braced tubes and more recently developed diagrids. Braced tubes of various column spacing and diagonal configurations are comparatively studied. Diagrid structures of various uniform and varying angle diagonals are studied to determine more efficient configurations. Another structural system widely used for today’s Tall Buildings is outriggers structures. Optimal stiffness distribution between the building core and perimeter mega-columns, connected to the core through outrigger trusses, is investigated for outrigger structures.

Kheir Al-kodmany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • PLANNING GUIDELINES FOR ENHANCING PLACEMAKING WITH Tall Buildings
    International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kheir Al-kodmany
    Abstract:

    This paper provides a summary of a recent book by the author on urban design guidelines for integrating Tall Buildings in urban environments.  The paper discusses the placemaking problems created by Tall Buildings, and simultaneously attempts to harness the potential of Tall Buildings to enhance placemaking. The research contends that instead of contributing to the problem of placelessness, well-designed Tall Buildings can rejuvenate cities, ignite economic activity, support social life and boost city pride through the science, engineering and craftsmanship embodied in these Buildings. Although this study does not claim to possess all the solutions to these matters, it does propose 10 design and planning guidelines that can help to promote placemaking through Tall Buildings.

  • Sustainable Tall Buildings: toward a comprehensive design approach
    International Journal of Sustainable Design, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kheir Al-kodmany
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a comprehensive design approach to sustainable Tall Buildings development. It argues that the true efficiency and success of Tall Buildings are heightened by their overall relationship with their urban setting and infrastructure. Tall and superTall Buildings are mini-cities and their social, economic, and environmental impacts extend throughout the neighbourhood and the city at large. A new sustainable approach should not only consider incorporating sustainable features, such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines; but should also consider an overall approach that balances multiple issues, including the environmental, economic, social, construction, operational, and building’s functional adaptability for future market changes. This paper serves to illustrate this view by providing a detailed account on a comprehensive approach to sustainable Tall Buildings development. While there is an increasing pace of constructing Tall Buildings worldwide, currently, there are no sustainability assessment tools for Tall Buildings. It is hoped that this paper will serve as a foundation to develop such tools.

  • Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat of the 21st Century: A Global Perspective
    Buildings, 2012
    Co-Authors: Mir M. Ali, Kheir Al-kodmany
    Abstract:

    The Tall building is the most dominating symbol of the cities and a human-made marvel that defies gravity by reaching to the clouds. It embodies unrelenting human aspirations to build even higher. It conjures a number of valid questions in our minds. The foremost and fundamental question that is often asked: Why Tall Buildings? This review paper seeks to answer the question by laying out arguments against and for Tall Buildings. Then, it provides a brief account of the historic and recent developments of Tall Buildings including their status during the current economic recession. The paper argues that as cities continue to expand horizonTally, to safeguard against their reaching an eventual breaking point, the Tall building as a building type is a possible solution by way of conquering vertical space through agglomeration and densification. Case studies of some recently built Tall Buildings are discussed to illustrate the nature of Tall building development in their respective cities. The paper attempts to dispel any discernment about Tall Buildings as mere pieces of art and architecture by emphasizing their truly speculative, technological, sustainable, and evolving nature. It concludes by projecting a vision of Tall Buildings and their integration into the cities of the 21st century.

  • Placemaking with Tall Buildings
    URBAN DESIGN International, 2011
    Co-Authors: Kheir Al-kodmany
    Abstract:

    Despite their profound impact on our cities, research on Tall Buildings’ role in placemaking is scarce (Brown et al , 2009). This article attempts to fill this gap by providing a conceptual model for analyzing Tall building design, spatial location and the associated public spaces. The model specifically examines the role of Tall Buildings in placemaking by studying four contributing factors: (1) imageability, (2) human scale, (3) socio-economic and spatial factors, and (4) cultural association. Examples of Tall Buildings from different parts of the world are provided to illustrate the analyses.

Yiqing Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • field measurements of boundary layer wind characteristics and wind induced responses of super Tall Buildings
    Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yiqing Xiao, L L Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper presents field measurement results of boundary layer wind characteristics over typical open country and urban terrains and wind-induced responses of two super-Tall Buildings during the passages of windstorms. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses, etc., were measured from an observation tower with height of 17.5 m at a coastal region in Lufeng and two super-Tall Buildings in urban districts, CITIC Plaza Tower (391 m, 80 floors) in Guangzhou and Di Wang Tower (384 m, 78 floors) in Shenzhen. Detailed analysis of the field data and comparative study are conducted to investigate the boundary layer wind characteristics and wind effects on the super-Tall Buildings. The measured wind data are analyzed to obtain the information on ground roughness, mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity, gust factor, turbulence integral length scale and spectra of wind speed fluctuations. The dynamic characteristics of the Tall Buildings are determined on the basis of the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the computational models of the Tall Buildings are made. The damping ratios of the Buildings are estimated by the random decrement method and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the full-scale measurement results are compared with wind tunnel test data to examine the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of interest and of use to researchers and engineers involved in analysis and design of Tall Buildings.

  • Typhoon effects on super-Tall Buildings
    Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2008
    Co-Authors: Yiqing Xiao
    Abstract:

    Abstract Full-scale measurement is considered to be the most reliable method for evaluating wind effects on Buildings and structures. This paper presents selected results of wind characteristics and structural responses measured from four super-Tall Buildings, The Center (350 m high, 79 floors) in Hong Kong, Di Wang Tower (384 m high, 78 floors) in Shenzhen, CITIC Plaza Tower (391 m high, 80 floors) in Guangzhou and Jin Mao Building (421 m high, 88 floors) in Shanghai, during the passages of three typhoons. The field data such as wind speed, wind direction and acceleration responses, etc., were continuously measured from the super-Tall Buildings during the typhoons. Detailed analysis of the field data was conducted to investigate the characteristics of typhoon-generated wind and wind-induced vibrations of these super-Tall Buildings under typhoon conditions. The dynamic characteristics of the Tall Buildings were determined from the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the finite element (FE) models of the structures were made. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements were compared with wind tunnel results to evaluate the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in the wind tunnel tests. The results presented in this paper are expected to be of considerable interest and of use to researchers and professionals involved in designing super-Tall Buildings.

  • full scale monitoring of typhoon effects on super Tall Buildings
    Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yiqing Xiao, C K Wong
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper presents the field measurement results of wind characteristics and structural responses of two super Tall Buildings, Central Plaza Tower (374 m, 78 floors) in Hong Kong and Di Wang Tower (384 m, 78 floors) in Shenzhen during the passage of Typhoon Sally. The field data such as wind speeds, wind directions and acceleration responses were simultaneously and continuously measured from the Tall Buildings during the typhoon. Detailed analysis of the field data and comparative study were conducted to investigate the characteristics of typhoon-generated wind over the two cities and wind-induced vibrations of the two super Tall Buildings under typhoon condition. The dynamic characteristics of the Buildings were determined on the basis of the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the computational models of the Buildings were made. The damping ratios of the Buildings were estimated and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements were compared with the wind tunnel results to evaluate the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests.

C K Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • full scale monitoring of typhoon effects on super Tall Buildings
    Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2005
    Co-Authors: Yiqing Xiao, C K Wong
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper presents the field measurement results of wind characteristics and structural responses of two super Tall Buildings, Central Plaza Tower (374 m, 78 floors) in Hong Kong and Di Wang Tower (384 m, 78 floors) in Shenzhen during the passage of Typhoon Sally. The field data such as wind speeds, wind directions and acceleration responses were simultaneously and continuously measured from the Tall Buildings during the typhoon. Detailed analysis of the field data and comparative study were conducted to investigate the characteristics of typhoon-generated wind over the two cities and wind-induced vibrations of the two super Tall Buildings under typhoon condition. The dynamic characteristics of the Buildings were determined on the basis of the field measurements and comparisons with those calculated from the computational models of the Buildings were made. The damping ratios of the Buildings were estimated and the amplitude-dependent damping characteristics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the full-scale measurements were compared with the wind tunnel results to evaluate the accuracy of the model test results and the adequacy of the techniques used in wind tunnel tests.

Appupillai Baskaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wind engineering studies on Tall Buildings—transitions in research
    Building and Environment, 1993
    Co-Authors: Appupillai Baskaran
    Abstract:

    Abstract Development of new building materials and advances in architectural concepts have led to light weight and more unconventional Buildings. Consequently, unexpected wind forces may act on these structures. Experimental results from wind-tunnel studies are considered as one reliable source for the wind loading information. An extensive literature survey has been conducted; this paper reviews some of the selected studies to show the research transitions in wind engineering studies of Tall Buildings. Ten different stages and an established pattern have been identified in wind engineering studies of Tall Buildings.