The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Courtney L Scaife - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Enterovaginal or Vesicovaginal Fistula Control Using a Silicone Cup.
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016Co-Authors: Katie W. Russell, Ryan E. Robinson, Mary C Mone, Courtney L ScaifeAbstract:An enterovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula is a complication resulting in vaginal discharge of succus, urine, or stool that can lead to significant complications. For low-volume fistulae, Tampons or pads may be used. With high-volume fistulae, frequent product change can be painful and unpredictable in terms of efficacy. The psychologic distress is profound. Surgery may not be an option, making symptom control the priority.We report the use of a reusable menstrual silicone vaginal cup placed to divert and contain drainage.The menstrual cup provided significant symptom relief. Drainage is immediately diverted from tissue, unlike with Tampon or pad use, which involves longer contact periods with caustic fluids. A system was created by adapting the end of the cup by adding silastic tubing and an external leg bag to provide long-term drainage control.Improvement in quality of life is of primary importance when dealing with fistula drainage. This simple and inexpensive device should be considered in those cases in which the drainage can be diverted as a viable option, especially in those who are symptomatic and awaiting surgical repair or in those for whom surgery cannot be performed.
-
enterovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula control using a silicone cup
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2016Co-Authors: Katie W. Russell, Ryan E. Robinson, Mary C Mone, Courtney L ScaifeAbstract:Background An enterovaginal or vesicovaginal fistula is a complication resulting in vaginal discharge of succus, urine, or stool that can lead to significant complications. For low-volume fistulae, Tampons or pads may be used. With high-volume fistulae, frequent product change can be painful and unpredictable in terms of efficacy. The psychologic distress is profound. Surgery may not be an option, making symptom control the priority. Instrument We report the use of a reusable menstrual silicone vaginal cup placed to divert and contain drainage. Experience The menstrual cup provided significant symptom relief. Drainage is immediately diverted from tissue, unlike with Tampon or pad use, which involves longer contact periods with caustic fluids. A system was created by adapting the end of the cup by adding silastic tubing and an external leg bag to provide long-term drainage control. Conclusion Improvement in quality of life is of primary importance when dealing with fistula drainage. This simple and inexpensive device should be considered in those cases in which the drainage can be diverted as a viable option, especially in those who are symptomatic and awaiting surgical repair or in those for whom surgery cannot be performed.
Anne Tristan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Vaginal Tampon Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Women
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Myriam Chiaruzzi, Isaline Jacquemond, Anaëlle Muggeo, Anne Tristan, Cédric Badiou, Alexia Barbry, Laurence Cluzeau, Sabine Bourdeau, Thibaut Durand, Astrid EngelmannAbstract:Tampons recovered from a cohort of 737 healthy women (median age, 32 years) were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 198 Tampons (27%) were colonized by S. aureus, 28 (4%) by a strain producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). S. aureus was detected more frequently in Tampons that did not require an applicator for their insertion (74/233 [32%] versus 90/381 [24%]; odds ratio [OR] = 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.17]) and in women who used an intrauterine device for contraception (53/155 [34%] versus 145/572 [27%]; OR = 1.53 [95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.24]). The S. aureus strains isolated from Tampons belonged to 22 different clonal complexes (CCs). The most prevalent CC was CC398 agr1 (n = 57 [27%]), a clone that does not produce superantigenic toxins, followed by CC30 agr3 (n = 27, 13%), producing TSST-1 (24/27 [89%]), the principal clone of S. aureus involved in menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS). IMPORTANCE Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS) is an uncommon severe acute disease that occurs in healthy menstruating women colonized by TSST-1producing S. aureus who use intravaginal protection, such as Tampons and menstrual cups. The catamenial product collected by the protection serves as a growth medium for S. aureus and allows TSST-1 production. Previous studies evaluated the prevalence of genital colonization by S. aureus by vaginal swabbing, but they did not examine Tampon colonization. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Tampon colonization by S. aureus and the presence of the CC30 TSST-1 S. aureus clone responsible for MTSS in Tampons from healthy women. The results support the vaginal carriage of this lineage in healthy women. In addition, the higher prevalence of S. aureus within Tampons that do not require an applicator indicates a crucial role for handwashing before Tampon handling to decrease the risk of Tampon contamination.
-
Complex ecological interactions of Staphylococcus aureus in Tampons during menstruation
Scientific Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Isaline Jacquemond, Anaëlle Muggeo, Gery Lamblin, Anne Tristan, Yves Gillet, Pierre Adrien Bolze, Michèle Bes, Claude Alexandre Gustave, Jean-philippe Rasigade, François GolfierAbstract:Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a severe disease that occurs in healthy women vaginally colonized by Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock toxin 1 and who use Tampons. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the composition of vaginal microbial communities on Tampon colonisation by S. aureus during menses. We analysed the microbiota in menstrual fluids extracted from Tampons from 108 healthy women and 7 mTSS cases. Using culture, S. aureus was detected in menstrual fluids of 40% of healthy volunteers and 100% of mTSS patients. Between class analysis of culturomic and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding data indicated that the composition of the Tampons' microbiota differs according to the presence or absence of S. aureus and identify discriminating genera. However, the bacterial communities of Tampon fluid positive for S. aureus did not cluster together. No difference in Tampon microbiome richness, diversity, and ecological distance was observed between Tampon vaginal fluids with or without S. aureus, and between healthy donors carrying S. aureus and mTSS patients. Our results show that the vagina is a major niche of. S. aureus in Tampon users and the composition of the Tampon microbiota control its virulence though more complex interactions than simple inhibition by lactic acid-producing bacterial species.
-
Impact of currently marketed Tampons and menstrual cups on Staphylococcus aureus growth and TSST-1 production in vitro
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Louis Nonfoux, Anne Tristan, Myriam Chiaruzzi, Cédric Badiou, Jessica Baude, Jean Thioulouse, Daniel Muller, Claire Prigent Combaret, Gérard LinaAbstract:Fifteen currently marketed intravaginal protection products (11 types of Tampon and four menstrual cups) were tested by the modified Tampon sac method to determine their effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth and toxic shock toxin 1 (TSST-1) production. Most Tampons reduced S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production, with differences based on brand and composition, and S. aureus growth was higher in de-structured than in unaltered Tampons. We observed higher S. aureus growth and toxin production in menstrual cups than in Tampons, potentially due to the additional air introduced to the bag by cups, with differences based on cup composition and size.Importance Menstrual toxic shock syndrome is a rare but severe disease. It occurs in healthy women vaginally colonized by Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 using intravaginal protection such as Tampons or menstrual cups. Intravaginal protection induces TSS production by collecting catamenial products which act as a growth medium for S. aureus Previous studies have evaluated the impact of Tampon composition on S. aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, but they are not recent and did not include menstrual cups. This study demonstrates that highly reproducible results for S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production can be obtained using a simple protocol that reproduces the physiological conditions of Tampon and cup usage as closely as possible, providing recommendations for Tampon or cup use to both manufacturers and consumers. Notably, our results do not show that menstrual cups are safer than Tampons and suggest that they require similar precautions.
Arthur L. Reingold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Toxic shock syndrome: An update
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1991Co-Authors: Arthur L. ReingoldAbstract:Since late 1979 to early 1980, when toxic shock syndrome achieved notoriety, a substantial body of data has demonstrated that vaginal Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly those occurring during menstruation, account for most cases of toxic shock syndrome in women of reproductive age. Among those patients with onset during menstruation, Tampon use has been identified as the most important risk factor. Although menstrually associated cases have been observed among users of all brands and styles of Tampons, the use of selected "super absorbent" brands and styles has been associated with an increased risk of toxic shock syndrome. Although the Tampon characteristics responsible for the associated risk of toxic shock syndrome remain poorly understood, both absorbency and chemical composition appear to be important variables in this relationship. In response to studies demonstrating this relationship and legal pressures, Tampon manufacturers have removed chemical constituents previously used to enhance absorbency, such as polyester foam, carboxymethylcellulose, and polyacrylate rayon, and have markedly reduced Tampon absorbency. Coinciding with these changes, the reported number of menstrually related cases of toxic shock syndrome has dropped substantially, although they continue to account for 50% to 70% of all cases of toxic shock syndrome in women of reproductive age.
-
Recent trends in the incidence of toxic shock syndrome in northern California.
American Journal of Public Health, 1991Co-Authors: Diana B. Petitti, Arthur L. ReingoldAbstract:The incidence of toxic shock syndrome in women members of a large prepaid medical care program in Northern California was 1.5 cases per 100,000 in a period after removal of Tampons containing polyacrylate rayon and reductions in Tampon absorbency. This rate was lower, but not significantly lower, than the rate of 2.2 per 100,000 in the prior interval. It was higher, but not significantly higher, than the rate of 0.4 per 100,000 in the era before "superabsorbent" materials were introduced into Tampons. The incidence in men has been stable at about 0.1 cases per 100,000 for the 15-year period from 1972 though 1987.
Myriam Chiaruzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Vaginal Tampon Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in Healthy Women
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Myriam Chiaruzzi, Isaline Jacquemond, Anaëlle Muggeo, Anne Tristan, Cédric Badiou, Alexia Barbry, Laurence Cluzeau, Sabine Bourdeau, Thibaut Durand, Astrid EngelmannAbstract:Tampons recovered from a cohort of 737 healthy women (median age, 32 years) were analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 198 Tampons (27%) were colonized by S. aureus, 28 (4%) by a strain producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). S. aureus was detected more frequently in Tampons that did not require an applicator for their insertion (74/233 [32%] versus 90/381 [24%]; odds ratio [OR] = 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.17]) and in women who used an intrauterine device for contraception (53/155 [34%] versus 145/572 [27%]; OR = 1.53 [95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 2.24]). The S. aureus strains isolated from Tampons belonged to 22 different clonal complexes (CCs). The most prevalent CC was CC398 agr1 (n = 57 [27%]), a clone that does not produce superantigenic toxins, followed by CC30 agr3 (n = 27, 13%), producing TSST-1 (24/27 [89%]), the principal clone of S. aureus involved in menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS). IMPORTANCE Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (MTSS) is an uncommon severe acute disease that occurs in healthy menstruating women colonized by TSST-1producing S. aureus who use intravaginal protection, such as Tampons and menstrual cups. The catamenial product collected by the protection serves as a growth medium for S. aureus and allows TSST-1 production. Previous studies evaluated the prevalence of genital colonization by S. aureus by vaginal swabbing, but they did not examine Tampon colonization. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Tampon colonization by S. aureus and the presence of the CC30 TSST-1 S. aureus clone responsible for MTSS in Tampons from healthy women. The results support the vaginal carriage of this lineage in healthy women. In addition, the higher prevalence of S. aureus within Tampons that do not require an applicator indicates a crucial role for handwashing before Tampon handling to decrease the risk of Tampon contamination.
-
Impact of currently marketed Tampons and menstrual cups on Staphylococcus aureus growth and TSST-1 production in vitro
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Louis Nonfoux, Anne Tristan, Myriam Chiaruzzi, Cédric Badiou, Jessica Baude, Jean Thioulouse, Daniel Muller, Claire Prigent Combaret, Gérard LinaAbstract:Fifteen currently marketed intravaginal protection products (11 types of Tampon and four menstrual cups) were tested by the modified Tampon sac method to determine their effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth and toxic shock toxin 1 (TSST-1) production. Most Tampons reduced S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production, with differences based on brand and composition, and S. aureus growth was higher in de-structured than in unaltered Tampons. We observed higher S. aureus growth and toxin production in menstrual cups than in Tampons, potentially due to the additional air introduced to the bag by cups, with differences based on cup composition and size.Importance Menstrual toxic shock syndrome is a rare but severe disease. It occurs in healthy women vaginally colonized by Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 using intravaginal protection such as Tampons or menstrual cups. Intravaginal protection induces TSS production by collecting catamenial products which act as a growth medium for S. aureus Previous studies have evaluated the impact of Tampon composition on S. aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, but they are not recent and did not include menstrual cups. This study demonstrates that highly reproducible results for S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production can be obtained using a simple protocol that reproduces the physiological conditions of Tampon and cup usage as closely as possible, providing recommendations for Tampon or cup use to both manufacturers and consumers. Notably, our results do not show that menstrual cups are safer than Tampons and suggest that they require similar precautions.
Gérard Lina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Impact of currently marketed Tampons and menstrual cups on Staphylococcus aureus growth and TSST-1 production in vitro
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Louis Nonfoux, Anne Tristan, Myriam Chiaruzzi, Cédric Badiou, Jessica Baude, Jean Thioulouse, Daniel Muller, Claire Prigent Combaret, Gérard LinaAbstract:Fifteen currently marketed intravaginal protection products (11 types of Tampon and four menstrual cups) were tested by the modified Tampon sac method to determine their effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth and toxic shock toxin 1 (TSST-1) production. Most Tampons reduced S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production, with differences based on brand and composition, and S. aureus growth was higher in de-structured than in unaltered Tampons. We observed higher S. aureus growth and toxin production in menstrual cups than in Tampons, potentially due to the additional air introduced to the bag by cups, with differences based on cup composition and size.Importance Menstrual toxic shock syndrome is a rare but severe disease. It occurs in healthy women vaginally colonized by Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 using intravaginal protection such as Tampons or menstrual cups. Intravaginal protection induces TSS production by collecting catamenial products which act as a growth medium for S. aureus Previous studies have evaluated the impact of Tampon composition on S. aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, but they are not recent and did not include menstrual cups. This study demonstrates that highly reproducible results for S. aureus growth and TSST-1 production can be obtained using a simple protocol that reproduces the physiological conditions of Tampon and cup usage as closely as possible, providing recommendations for Tampon or cup use to both manufacturers and consumers. Notably, our results do not show that menstrual cups are safer than Tampons and suggest that they require similar precautions.
