The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Alan Kingstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Top-down and bottom-up aspects of active search in a real-world environment
    Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tom Foulsham, Craig S. Chapman, Eleni Nasiopoulos, Alan Kingstone
    Abstract:

    Visual search has been studied intensively in the labouratory, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects. Here, we used a mobile eye tracker to record the gaze of participants engaged in a realistic, active search task. Participants were asked to walk into a mailroom and locate a Target Mailbox among many similar Mailboxes. This procedure allowed control of bottom-up cues (by making the Target Mailbox more salient; Experiment 1) and top-down instructions (by informing participants about the cue; Experiment 2). The bottom-up salience of the Target had no effect on the overall time taken to search for the Target, although the salient Target was more likely to be fixated and found once it was within the central visual field. Top-down knowledge of Target appearance had a larger effect, reducing the need for multiple head and body movements, and meaning that the Target was fixated earlier and from further away. Although there remains much to be discovered in complex real-world search, this study demonstrates that principles from visual search in the labouratory influence gaze in natural behaviour, and provides a bridge between these labouratory studies and research examining vision in natural tasks.

  • ETRA - Goal-driven and bottom-up gaze in an active real-world search task
    Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications - ETRA '12, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tom Foulsham, Alan Kingstone
    Abstract:

    Mobile eye tracking has become a useful tool in studies of vision and attention in real-world tasks. However, there remains a disconnection between such studies and the laboratory paradigms used by cognitive psychology. In particular, visual search has been studied intensively, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects (e.g., in reality one must walk and move head and eyes to find the Target, Target and distractors are not equally visible, and objects are frequently occluded). Here, we took a broader view of search behaviour and analyzed the gaze of participants who were asked to walk around within a building, find a room, and then locate a Target Mailbox. Our aim was to describe the differences in behaviour according to principles of (lab-based) visual search, and we did this by testing the effects of top-down instructions (i.e. having more or less information about where to go) and Target saliency (i.e. having a more or less distinctive Target to look for). These factors made a difference in a real world context by changing the frequency with which signs and cues in the environment were fixated, and by affecting head and eye movements in the mail-room. Bottom-up saliency had little effect on search time, but our approach revealed how it influenced the coordination of gaze, while still allowing us to make contact with laboratory paradigms.

Kingstone A - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Top-down and bottom-up aspects of active search in a real-world environment
    'American Psychological Association (APA)', 2014
    Co-Authors: Foulsham T, Chapman C, Nasiopoulos E, Kingstone A
    Abstract:

    Visual search has been studied intensively in the labouratory, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects. Here, we used a mobile eye tracker to record the gaze of participants engaged in a realistic, active search task. Participants were asked to walk into a mailroom and locate a Target Mailbox among many similar Mailboxes. This procedure allowed control of bottom-up cues (by making the Target Mailbox more salient; Experiment 1) and top-down instructions (by informing participants about the cue; Experiment 2). The bottom-up salience of the Target had no effect on the overall time taken to search for the Target, although the salient Target was more likely to be fixated and found once it was within the central visual field. Top-down knowledge of Target appearance had a larger effect, reducing the need for multiple head and body movements, and meaning that the Target was fixated earlier and from further away. Although there remains much to be discovered in complex real-world search, this study demonstrates that principles from visual search in the labouratory influence gaze in natural behaviour, and provides a bridge between these labouratory studies and research examining vision in natural tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record © 2014 APA, all rights reserved)

  • Goal-driven and bottom-up gaze in an active real-world search task
    'Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)', 2012
    Co-Authors: Foulsham T, Kingstone A
    Abstract:

    Mobile eye tracking has become a useful tool in studies of vision and attention in real-world tasks. However, there remains a disconnection between such studies and the laboratory paradigms used by cognitive psychology. In particular, visual search has been studied intensively, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects (e.g., in reality one must walk and move head and eyes to find the Target, Target and distractors are not equally visible, and objects are frequently occluded). Here, we took a broader view of search behaviour and analyzed the gaze of participants who were asked to walk around within a building, find a room, and then locate a Target Mailbox. Our aim was to describe the differences in behaviour according to principles of (lab-based) visual search, and we did this by testing the effects of top-down instructions (i.e. having more or less information about where to go) and Target saliency (i.e. having a more or less distinctive Target to look for). These factors made a difference in a real world context by changing the frequency with which signs and cues in the environment were fixated, and by affecting head and eye movements in the mail-room. Bottom-up saliency had little effect on search time, but our approach revealed how it influenced the coordination of gaze, while still allowing us to make contact with laboratory paradigms. © 2012 ACM

Hromádková Kateřina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Data boxes: expectation versus reality
    Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011
    Co-Authors: Hromádková Kateřina
    Abstract:

    V souvislosti s účinností zákona č. 300/2008 Sb. o "elektronických úkonech a autorizované konverzi dokumentů" vznikl klíčový projekt datové schránky pro komunikaci s orgány veřejné moci. V úvodní části práce se budu zabývat komunikací správních organizací a institucí veřejného sektoru, vymezím základní pojmy, východiska, principy a zásady interní a externí komunikace ve veřejné správě. V rámci práce popíšu informační a komunikační technologie, které přispívají k usnadnění komunikace občanů s úřady, ale také mezi úřady navzájem, především se zaměřím na projekt datové schránky. Další část práce zmapuje vývoj datových schránek, konkrétně provedu analýzu nevyřešených otázek a rizik při procesu implementace datových schránek. Cílem bakalářské práce bude zhodnocení projektu datové schránky, jeho konfrontace s realitou a získání odpovědi na otázku, zda datové schránky splnily očekávané cíle či nikoliv.In connection with the effect of Act No. 300/2008 Coll. about "Electronic Actions and the Authorized Conversion of Documents" was established a key project data box for communication with public authorities. In the beginning of this work I will deal with the communication of administrative organizations and public sector institutions, I will define the basic concepts, background, principles and internal and external communication in public administration. Within the work I will describe the information and communication technologies that contribute to facilitate communication between citizens and authorities, but also among the authorities themselves, particularly I will focus on the project data box. Another part of this work will map the development of data boxes, specifically I will analyze the outstanding issues and risks during the implementation process data boxes. The aim of the thesis project will be the evaluation of the data box, his confrontation with the reality and the answers to the question of whether the data boxes met the expected Target Mailbox or not

  • Data boxes: expectation versus reality
    Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hromádková Kateřina
    Abstract:

    In connection with the effect of Act No. 300/2008 Coll. about "Electronic Actions and the Authorized Conversion of Documents" was established a key project data box for communication with public authorities. In the beginning of this work I will deal with the communication of administrative organizations and public sector institutions, I will define the basic concepts, background, principles and internal and external communication in public administration. Within the work I will describe the information and communication technologies that contribute to facilitate communication between citizens and authorities, but also among the authorities themselves, particularly I will focus on the project data box. Another part of this work will map the development of data boxes, specifically I will analyze the outstanding issues and risks during the implementation process data boxes. The aim of the thesis project will be the evaluation of the data box, his confrontation with the reality and the answers to the question of whether the data boxes met the expected Target Mailbox or not

Tom Foulsham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Top-down and bottom-up aspects of active search in a real-world environment
    Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie experimentale, 2013
    Co-Authors: Tom Foulsham, Craig S. Chapman, Eleni Nasiopoulos, Alan Kingstone
    Abstract:

    Visual search has been studied intensively in the labouratory, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects. Here, we used a mobile eye tracker to record the gaze of participants engaged in a realistic, active search task. Participants were asked to walk into a mailroom and locate a Target Mailbox among many similar Mailboxes. This procedure allowed control of bottom-up cues (by making the Target Mailbox more salient; Experiment 1) and top-down instructions (by informing participants about the cue; Experiment 2). The bottom-up salience of the Target had no effect on the overall time taken to search for the Target, although the salient Target was more likely to be fixated and found once it was within the central visual field. Top-down knowledge of Target appearance had a larger effect, reducing the need for multiple head and body movements, and meaning that the Target was fixated earlier and from further away. Although there remains much to be discovered in complex real-world search, this study demonstrates that principles from visual search in the labouratory influence gaze in natural behaviour, and provides a bridge between these labouratory studies and research examining vision in natural tasks.

  • ETRA - Goal-driven and bottom-up gaze in an active real-world search task
    Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications - ETRA '12, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tom Foulsham, Alan Kingstone
    Abstract:

    Mobile eye tracking has become a useful tool in studies of vision and attention in real-world tasks. However, there remains a disconnection between such studies and the laboratory paradigms used by cognitive psychology. In particular, visual search has been studied intensively, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects (e.g., in reality one must walk and move head and eyes to find the Target, Target and distractors are not equally visible, and objects are frequently occluded). Here, we took a broader view of search behaviour and analyzed the gaze of participants who were asked to walk around within a building, find a room, and then locate a Target Mailbox. Our aim was to describe the differences in behaviour according to principles of (lab-based) visual search, and we did this by testing the effects of top-down instructions (i.e. having more or less information about where to go) and Target saliency (i.e. having a more or less distinctive Target to look for). These factors made a difference in a real world context by changing the frequency with which signs and cues in the environment were fixated, and by affecting head and eye movements in the mail-room. Bottom-up saliency had little effect on search time, but our approach revealed how it influenced the coordination of gaze, while still allowing us to make contact with laboratory paradigms.

Foulsham T - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Top-down and bottom-up aspects of active search in a real-world environment
    'American Psychological Association (APA)', 2014
    Co-Authors: Foulsham T, Chapman C, Nasiopoulos E, Kingstone A
    Abstract:

    Visual search has been studied intensively in the labouratory, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects. Here, we used a mobile eye tracker to record the gaze of participants engaged in a realistic, active search task. Participants were asked to walk into a mailroom and locate a Target Mailbox among many similar Mailboxes. This procedure allowed control of bottom-up cues (by making the Target Mailbox more salient; Experiment 1) and top-down instructions (by informing participants about the cue; Experiment 2). The bottom-up salience of the Target had no effect on the overall time taken to search for the Target, although the salient Target was more likely to be fixated and found once it was within the central visual field. Top-down knowledge of Target appearance had a larger effect, reducing the need for multiple head and body movements, and meaning that the Target was fixated earlier and from further away. Although there remains much to be discovered in complex real-world search, this study demonstrates that principles from visual search in the labouratory influence gaze in natural behaviour, and provides a bridge between these labouratory studies and research examining vision in natural tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record © 2014 APA, all rights reserved)

  • Goal-driven and bottom-up gaze in an active real-world search task
    'Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)', 2012
    Co-Authors: Foulsham T, Kingstone A
    Abstract:

    Mobile eye tracking has become a useful tool in studies of vision and attention in real-world tasks. However, there remains a disconnection between such studies and the laboratory paradigms used by cognitive psychology. In particular, visual search has been studied intensively, but lab search often differs from search in the real world in many respects (e.g., in reality one must walk and move head and eyes to find the Target, Target and distractors are not equally visible, and objects are frequently occluded). Here, we took a broader view of search behaviour and analyzed the gaze of participants who were asked to walk around within a building, find a room, and then locate a Target Mailbox. Our aim was to describe the differences in behaviour according to principles of (lab-based) visual search, and we did this by testing the effects of top-down instructions (i.e. having more or less information about where to go) and Target saliency (i.e. having a more or less distinctive Target to look for). These factors made a difference in a real world context by changing the frequency with which signs and cues in the environment were fixated, and by affecting head and eye movements in the mail-room. Bottom-up saliency had little effect on search time, but our approach revealed how it influenced the coordination of gaze, while still allowing us to make contact with laboratory paradigms. © 2012 ACM