The Experts below are selected from a list of 6879 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan C. Spector - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Extensive Gustatory Cortex Lesions Significantly Impair Taste Sensitivity to KCl and Quinine but Not to Sucrose in Rats
2016Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91 % GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psy-chometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Sur-prisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was com-parable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did no
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extensive gustatory cortex lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to kcl and quinine but not to sucrose in rats
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91% GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psychometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Surprisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was comparable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did not shift sucrose psychometric functions relative to SHAM, but did significantly compromise quinine and KCl Sensitivity suggests that the neural circuits responsible for the detection of specific Taste stimuli are partially dissociable. Lesion-induced impairments were observed in expression of a postsurgical CTA to a maltodextrin solution as assessed in a Taste-oriented brief-access test, but were not reflected in a longer term 46-h two-bottle test. Thus, deficits observed in rats after extensive damage to the GC are also dependent on the test used to assess Taste function. In conclusion, the degree to which the GC is necessary for the maintenance of normal Taste detectability apparently depends on the chemical and/or perceptual features of the stimulus.
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extensive lesions in rat insular cortex significantly disrupt Taste Sensitivity to nacl and kcl and slow salt discrimination learning
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ginger D. Blonde, Michelle B. Bales, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:While studies of the gustatory cortex (GC) mostly focus on its role in Taste aversion learning and memory, the necessity of GC for other fundamental Taste-guided behaviors remains largely untested. Here, rats with either excitotoxic lesions targeting GC (n = 26) or sham lesions (n = 14) were assessed for postsurgical retention of a presurgically LiCl-induced conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) to 0.1M sucrose using a brief-access Taste generalization test in a gustometer. The same animals were then trained in a two-response operant Taste detection task and psychophysically tested for their salt (NaCl or KCl) Sensitivity. Next, the rats were trained and tested in a NaCl vs. KCl Taste discrimination task with concentrations varied. Rats meeting our histological inclusion criterion had large lesions (resulting in a group averaging 80% damage to GC and involving surrounding regions) and showed impaired postsurgical expression of the presurgical CTA (LiCl-injected, n = 9), demonstrated rightward shifts in the NaCl (0.54 log10 shift) and KCl (0.35 log10 shift) psychometric functions, and displayed retarded salt discrimination acquisition (n = 18), but eventually learned and performed the discrimination comparable to sham-operated animals. Interestingly, the degree of deficit between tasks correlated only modestly, if at all, suggesting that idiosyncratic differences in insular cortex lesion topography were the root of the individual differences in the behavioral effects demonstrated here. This latter finding hints at some degree of interanimal variation in the functional topography of insular cortex. Overall, GC appears to be necessary to maintain normal Taste Sensitivity to NaCl and KCl and for salt discrimination learning. However, higher salt concentrations can be detected and discriminated by rats with extensive damage to GC suggesting that the other resources of the gustatory system are sufficient to maintain partial competence in these tasks, supporting the view that such basic sensory-discriminative Taste functions involve distributed processes among central gustatory structures.
Steven D Munger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inbred mouse strains c57bl 6j and dba 2j vary in Sensitivity to a subset of bitter stimuli
BMC Genetics, 2005Co-Authors: John D Boughter, Sandeep Raghow, Theodore M Nelson, Steven D MungerAbstract:Common inbred mouse strains are genotypically diverse, but it is still poorly understood how this diversity relates to specific differences in behavior. To identify quantitative trait genes that influence Taste behavior differences, it is critical to utilize assays that exclusively measure the contribution of orosensory cues. With a few exceptions, previous characterizations of behavioral Taste Sensitivity in inbred mouse strains have generally measured consumption, which can be confounded by post-ingestive effects. Here, we used a Taste-salient brief-access procedure to measure Taste Sensitivity to eight stimuli characterized as bitter or aversive in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice. B6 mice were more sensitive than D2 mice to a subset of bitter stimuli, including quinine hydrochloride (QHCl), 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), and MgCl2. D2 mice were more sensitive than B6 mice to the bitter stimulus raffinose undecaacetate (RUA). These strains did not differ in Sensitivity to cycloheximide (CYX), denatonium benzoate (DB), KCl or HCl. B6-D2 Taste Sensitivity differences indicate that differences in consumption of QHCl, PROP, MgCl2 and RUA are based on immediate orosensory cues, not post-ingestive effects. The absence of a strain difference for CYX suggests that polymorphisms in a T2R-type Taste receptor shown to be differentially sensitive to CYX in vitro are unlikely to differentially contribute to the CYX behavioral response in vivo. The results of these studies point to the utility of these common mouse strains and their associated resources for investigation into the genetic mechanisms of Taste.
Michelle B. Bales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Extensive Gustatory Cortex Lesions Significantly Impair Taste Sensitivity to KCl and Quinine but Not to Sucrose in Rats
2016Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91 % GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psy-chometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Sur-prisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was com-parable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did no
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extensive gustatory cortex lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to kcl and quinine but not to sucrose in rats
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91% GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psychometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Surprisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was comparable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did not shift sucrose psychometric functions relative to SHAM, but did significantly compromise quinine and KCl Sensitivity suggests that the neural circuits responsible for the detection of specific Taste stimuli are partially dissociable. Lesion-induced impairments were observed in expression of a postsurgical CTA to a maltodextrin solution as assessed in a Taste-oriented brief-access test, but were not reflected in a longer term 46-h two-bottle test. Thus, deficits observed in rats after extensive damage to the GC are also dependent on the test used to assess Taste function. In conclusion, the degree to which the GC is necessary for the maintenance of normal Taste detectability apparently depends on the chemical and/or perceptual features of the stimulus.
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extensive lesions in rat insular cortex significantly disrupt Taste Sensitivity to nacl and kcl and slow salt discrimination learning
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ginger D. Blonde, Michelle B. Bales, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:While studies of the gustatory cortex (GC) mostly focus on its role in Taste aversion learning and memory, the necessity of GC for other fundamental Taste-guided behaviors remains largely untested. Here, rats with either excitotoxic lesions targeting GC (n = 26) or sham lesions (n = 14) were assessed for postsurgical retention of a presurgically LiCl-induced conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) to 0.1M sucrose using a brief-access Taste generalization test in a gustometer. The same animals were then trained in a two-response operant Taste detection task and psychophysically tested for their salt (NaCl or KCl) Sensitivity. Next, the rats were trained and tested in a NaCl vs. KCl Taste discrimination task with concentrations varied. Rats meeting our histological inclusion criterion had large lesions (resulting in a group averaging 80% damage to GC and involving surrounding regions) and showed impaired postsurgical expression of the presurgical CTA (LiCl-injected, n = 9), demonstrated rightward shifts in the NaCl (0.54 log10 shift) and KCl (0.35 log10 shift) psychometric functions, and displayed retarded salt discrimination acquisition (n = 18), but eventually learned and performed the discrimination comparable to sham-operated animals. Interestingly, the degree of deficit between tasks correlated only modestly, if at all, suggesting that idiosyncratic differences in insular cortex lesion topography were the root of the individual differences in the behavioral effects demonstrated here. This latter finding hints at some degree of interanimal variation in the functional topography of insular cortex. Overall, GC appears to be necessary to maintain normal Taste Sensitivity to NaCl and KCl and for salt discrimination learning. However, higher salt concentrations can be detected and discriminated by rats with extensive damage to GC suggesting that the other resources of the gustatory system are sufficient to maintain partial competence in these tasks, supporting the view that such basic sensory-discriminative Taste functions involve distributed processes among central gustatory structures.
Ginger D. Blonde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Extensive Gustatory Cortex Lesions Significantly Impair Taste Sensitivity to KCl and Quinine but Not to Sucrose in Rats
2016Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91 % GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psy-chometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Sur-prisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was com-parable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did no
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extensive gustatory cortex lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to kcl and quinine but not to sucrose in rats
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Michelle B. Bales, Lindsey A. Schier, Ginger D. Blonde, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:Recently, we reported that large bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair Taste Sensitivity to salts in rats. Here we extended the tastants examined to include sucrose and quinine in rats with ibotenic acid-induced lesions in GC (GCX) and in sham-operated controls (SHAM). Presurgically, immediately after drinking NaCl, rats received a LiCl or saline injection (i.p.), but postsurgical tests indicated a weak conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) even in controls. The rats were then trained and tested in gustometers to discriminate a tastant from water in a two-response operant Taste detection task. Psychometric functions were derived for sucrose, KCl, and quinine. Our mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry of the lesions (~91% GC damage on average). For KCl, there was a significant rightward shift (ΔEC50 = 0.57 log10 units; p<0.001) in the GCX psychometric function relative to SHAM, replicating our prior work. There was also a significant lesion-induced impairment (ΔEC50 = 0.41 log10 units; p = 0.006) in quinine Sensitivity. Surprisingly, Taste Sensitivity to sucrose was unaffected by the extensive lesions and was comparable between GCX and SHAM rats. The fact that such large bilateral GC lesions did not shift sucrose psychometric functions relative to SHAM, but did significantly compromise quinine and KCl Sensitivity suggests that the neural circuits responsible for the detection of specific Taste stimuli are partially dissociable. Lesion-induced impairments were observed in expression of a postsurgical CTA to a maltodextrin solution as assessed in a Taste-oriented brief-access test, but were not reflected in a longer term 46-h two-bottle test. Thus, deficits observed in rats after extensive damage to the GC are also dependent on the test used to assess Taste function. In conclusion, the degree to which the GC is necessary for the maintenance of normal Taste detectability apparently depends on the chemical and/or perceptual features of the stimulus.
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extensive lesions in rat insular cortex significantly disrupt Taste Sensitivity to nacl and kcl and slow salt discrimination learning
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Ginger D. Blonde, Michelle B. Bales, Alan C. SpectorAbstract:While studies of the gustatory cortex (GC) mostly focus on its role in Taste aversion learning and memory, the necessity of GC for other fundamental Taste-guided behaviors remains largely untested. Here, rats with either excitotoxic lesions targeting GC (n = 26) or sham lesions (n = 14) were assessed for postsurgical retention of a presurgically LiCl-induced conditioned Taste aversion (CTA) to 0.1M sucrose using a brief-access Taste generalization test in a gustometer. The same animals were then trained in a two-response operant Taste detection task and psychophysically tested for their salt (NaCl or KCl) Sensitivity. Next, the rats were trained and tested in a NaCl vs. KCl Taste discrimination task with concentrations varied. Rats meeting our histological inclusion criterion had large lesions (resulting in a group averaging 80% damage to GC and involving surrounding regions) and showed impaired postsurgical expression of the presurgical CTA (LiCl-injected, n = 9), demonstrated rightward shifts in the NaCl (0.54 log10 shift) and KCl (0.35 log10 shift) psychometric functions, and displayed retarded salt discrimination acquisition (n = 18), but eventually learned and performed the discrimination comparable to sham-operated animals. Interestingly, the degree of deficit between tasks correlated only modestly, if at all, suggesting that idiosyncratic differences in insular cortex lesion topography were the root of the individual differences in the behavioral effects demonstrated here. This latter finding hints at some degree of interanimal variation in the functional topography of insular cortex. Overall, GC appears to be necessary to maintain normal Taste Sensitivity to NaCl and KCl and for salt discrimination learning. However, higher salt concentrations can be detected and discriminated by rats with extensive damage to GC suggesting that the other resources of the gustatory system are sufficient to maintain partial competence in these tasks, supporting the view that such basic sensory-discriminative Taste functions involve distributed processes among central gustatory structures.
Rossana Berardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modifications of Taste Sensitivity in cancer patients a method for the evaluations of dysgeusia
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2020Co-Authors: Sofia Pugnaloni, Arianna Vignini, F Borroni, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Sonila Alia, M. Tauš, Laura Mazzanti, Mara Fabri, Rossana BerardiAbstract:Purpose Taste changes due to chemotherapy may contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients. It is believed that 50–70% of patients with cancer suffer from Taste disorders. The aim of the present study was to analyze the Taste alterations in patient population compared with that in controls, also in relation to gender. In this way, it could open to a new approach for a personalized diet to prevent and/or reduce Taste alterations and malnutrition in cancer patients.
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modifications of Taste Sensitivity in cancer patients a method for the evaluations of dysgeusia
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2020Co-Authors: Sofia Pugnaloni, Arianna Vignini, F Borroni, Jacopo Sabbatinelli, Sonila Alia, M. Tauš, Laura Mazzanti, Mara Fabri, Rossana BerardiAbstract:Taste changes due to chemotherapy may contribute to the high prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients. It is believed that 50–70% of patients with cancer suffer from Taste disorders. The aim of the present study was to analyze the Taste alterations in patient population compared with that in controls, also in relation to gender. In this way, it could open to a new approach for a personalized diet to prevent and/or reduce Taste alterations and malnutrition in cancer patients. Forty-five cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were compared with healthy controls (n = 32). Taste function test was used to determine Taste Sensitivity. Different concentrations for each of the four basic Tastes (salty, sweet, sour, bitter) and also fat and water Tastes were evaluated. A significant difference in Taste Sensitivity between patients and control group was found, in line with previous similar studies. As in the control group, Taste perception in patients was better in females than in males, suggesting interaction effect between group and gender. Coping strategies regarding subjective Taste impairment should be provided since alterations in Taste Sensitivity influence food preferences and appetite. Clinicians could thus have the potential to underpin changes in dietary intake and consequently in nutritional status; understanding the extent of the contribution of each Taste would help in the development of effective interventions in future. Consequently, patients can adopt appropriate appetizing strategies and, based on that, change their feeding habits.
