The Experts below are selected from a list of 69 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gordon E. Funkhouser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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INFLATABLE ESCAPE SLIDE BEAM AND GIRT STRENGTH TESTS: SUPPORT FOR REVISION OF Technical Standard Order C-69B
1998Co-Authors: Garnt A. Mclean, David A. Palmerton, Charles B. Chittum, Mark H. George, Gordon E. FunkhouserAbstract:Abstract : The ability of inflatable escape slides to provide a safe egress route for evacuees in transport aircraft emergencies depends, to a great degree, on the structural integrity of such slides. Recent certification demonstration evacuations have demonstrated potential problems with the structural integrity of inflatable escape slides; specifically, the strength of the major structural elements of escape slides, i.e., the inflatable beams, has been questioned. With severe loading of the escape slides, the inflatable beams are known to bend, sometimes allowing the sliding surfaces between the beams to form cups that can impede the egress of evacuees by making it hard to climb out of the slide and onto firm footing. This study was intended to develop practical dynamic tests of inflatable beam strength that can be implemented during the developmental manufacturing process for escape slides to identify and correct inadequate inflatable beam strength. The result was the development of a practical test that uses sandbags to simulate human evacuees who are bunched together, tobaggan style, during movement down the slide. The test provides data essentially equivalent to that obtained with human test subjects and also provides substantial benefits to human test subject safety. Additional tests of the structural integrity of the escape slide girt (attachment-to- aircraft) were also developed to Standardize the test procedures for girt strength. Prior manufacturing tests had utilized 2 challenges: static loading of the girt attachment by sandbags laid along the erected slide surface and lateral loading of the girt by a 25-knot wind applied horizontally to the side of the erected escape slide. The new tests use both symmetrical and asymmetrical loading of the girt in a tensile test machine.
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Donning times and flotation characteristics of infant life preservers : four representative types.
1991Co-Authors: Gordon E. Funkhouser, Gregory W. FairlieAbstract:Four currently available representative types of infant life preservers were tested to assess the donning times and flotation characteristics for infant subjects (6 months to 2 years old). Two of the four devices tested were fixed-foam recreational devices and two were inflatable, dual-chambered devices that met Technical Standard Order C-13d requirements. The parent received videotaped donning instructions prior to the timed donning trials. Donning times were recorded from the time the unwrapped device was handed to the parent until the last connection or adjustment was made. The device that was most quickly donned was an inflatable type with a vest attached to the top of the upper chamber (median donning time was 28.8 seconds). This infant life preserver also exhibited good body support with the head well above the water. The two fixed-foam devices were designed to have approximately one-third of the buoyancy of the two inflatable types and relied on assistance from an adult to maintain the infant in a safe flotation attitude. It appears that the fixed-foam infant life preservers would provide more thermal protection than the inflatable life preservers.
Lee Nguyen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Technical Standard Order authorization and airworthiness approval considerations for aircraft weather radar systems
2012 IEEE AIAA 31st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 2012Co-Authors: Lee NguyenAbstract:There have been many improvements and changes in the technology, design features, and displays for forward-looking turbulence and windshear, weather, and ground mapping pulsed radar systems. The paper summarizes the issues of forward-looking turbulence and windshear radars and the airworthiness design approval of these systems as they relate to [1]. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued TSO-C63d as the minimum performance Standard for forward-looking turbulence and windshear, weather and ground mapping pulsed radar equipment. TSO-C63d addresses receiver/transmitter, processor, antenna, control, and range, including annunciation and detection performance for forward-looking turbulence and windshear systems. For forward-looking turbulence systems, TSO-C63d addresses detection performance probabilities common to three aircraft wing loading classes. The detection performance probability criteria were validated in National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Flight Tests of the Turbulence Prediction and Warning System (TPAWS) Program. The TSO provides procedures and alternatives for analysis and simulation verification of the turbulence detection performance in various turbulence wind field conditions. The TSO does not address hazard threshold setting requirement for forward-looking turbulence detection performance. For short range and long range forward-looking windshear systems, TSO-C63d addresses detection performance probabilities regarding windshear F-factor, and hazard threshold for caution, warning, and advisory alerts. These detection performance probability and alert criteria were validated in the NASA/FAA Airborne Windshear Program. The TSO also provides procedures for analysis and simulation verification of the windshear detection performance in various windshear and operating conditions.
Young C. Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of Fix Displacement Tolerances for the Development of Instrument Procedures Criteria for GPS
Annual of Navigation, 1998Co-Authors: Young C. Lee, Ralph SextonAbstract:The current airway structure is based on conventional ground-based navigational aids (navaids), such as very high frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR) and Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). In this structure, various fixes are defined along with their associated fix displacement tolerances (FDTs), from which obstacle clearance areas are designed. While FDTs are formulated using 95 percent accuracy values in the existing system, the error with conventional navaids is rather tightly bounded by a local ground monitor. On the other hand, GPS does not have a local monitor, and therefore, direct application of a 95 percent GPS accuracy value is not appropriate for an FDT. This paper analyzes the problem and derives the FDTs for GPS users equipped with Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C129 or GPS/Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) receivers. This analysis was performed in support of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) development of fix tolerance areas and is part of the effort to develop area widths and other parameters for instrument procedures criteria.
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Analyses Supporting FAA Decisions Made During the Development of Supplemental GPS Avonics Requirements
Annual of Navigation, 1994Co-Authors: James Fernow, Young C. LeeAbstract:During 1992, members of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Navigation Satellite Operational Implementation Team (SOIT) developed the requirements for Technical Standard Order (TSO) C-129, which describes capabilities of GPS avionics to be used as a supplemental means of navigation for en route through nonprecision approach phases of flight. During the writing of TSO C-129, the SOIT requested that analyses of certain issues be performed, including the effect of certain types of altimeter aiding on receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) availability, and the risk of continuing flight in the event of an unpredicted loss of RAIM after an aircraft crosses the final approach fix (FAF) of a nonprecision approach. This paper summarizes Technical analyses used in the development of these requirements. The results showed that altimeter aiding significantly improved RAIM availability, and that the risk of continuing an approach in case of an unpredicted loss of RAIM under certain conditions was acceptable. Operational and Technical considerations, including the results of these analyses, led the SOIT to require certain capabilities of GPS avionics to be covered under TSO C-129
Richard P. Arnold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The FAA Loran Program Status and Expectations
1991Co-Authors: Richard P. ArnoldAbstract:The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is entering the final stages of a program to bring LORAN into the National Airspace System (NAS) as a navigation aid for en route, terminal and nonprecision approach phases of flight. Over a dozen private-use LORAN approaches have been commissioned and considerable data have been accumulated on performance characteristics and reliability of the LORAN system. Recently, the first ten public-use LORAN approaches were published; but they cannot be utilized because at this time there are no receivers that have been fully qualified to Technical Standard Order C 60b for nonprecision approaches. Soon LORAN will be fully operational in the NAS and it will cause many changes in FAA controlled operations. For instance, LORAN is an earth-referenced navigation system versus the station-referenced navaids presently used in the NAS. LORAN facilitates point-to-point routing; but before this capability can be used, it must be reconciled with the current routing structure. Finally, LORAN will make possible thousands of new nonprecision approaches. Development of these procedures will necessitate extensive operational and organizational adjustments in the FAA. This paper will examine the anticipated impact of LORAN in the NAS, and proffer some solutions to difficulties that must be overcome in Order to fully realize the potential of this new aviation navigation aid.
R. Johannessen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TEN MILLION DATA POINTS FROM TSO-APPROVED AVIATION GPS RECEIVERS: RESULTS OF ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS TO DESIGN AND USE IN AVIATION
Annual of Navigation, 2000Co-Authors: P. D. Nisner, R. JohannessenAbstract:: This paper gives details of the failure rates and the failure modes experienced with Standard Positioning Service (SPS) GPS receivers certificated for aviation use to the Technical Standard Order (TSO) C-129 specification. These failure rates are significant compared with those from other modern avionics and are comparable to those currently experienced from unscheduled failures in the GPS signals-in-space. The paper also gives details concerning the two-dimensional errors that have been experienced with these receivers and indicates further work that needs to be done with C-129a receivers.
