The Experts below are selected from a list of 60042 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Njeri Wamukonya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solar home system electrification as a viable Technology Option for africa s development
Energy Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Njeri WamukonyaAbstract:This paper is based on a review of the effectiveness of solar home systems (SHS) in Africa in meeting users expectations on a service based analytical approach. Various projects have deployed SHS on the promise that they are cost-effective, can meet end-user demands, have ability to alleviate poverty, can save time and reduce emissions. However, a close review of the actual cost of these systems given the services they provide indicates most of the promises remain unmet and hence questions the wisdom of using public funds to support the system at the expense of more appropriate technologies.
Aasgeir Helland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dealing with uncertainty and pursuing superior Technology Options in risk management--the inherency risk analysis.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008Co-Authors: Aasgeir HellandAbstract:Current regulatory systems focus on the state of scientific evidence as the predominant factor for how to handle risks to human health and the environment. However, production and assessment of risk information are costly and time-consuming, and firms have an intrinsic disincentive to produce and distribute information about risks of their products as this could endanger their production opportunities and sales. An emphasis on more or better science may result in insufficient thought and attention going into the exploration of Technology alternatives, and that risk management policies miss out on the possible achievement of a more favorable set of consequences. In this article, a method is proposed that combines risk assessment with the search for alternative technological Options as a part of the risk management procedure. The method proposed is the inherency risk analysis where the first stage focuses on the original agent subject to investigation, the second stage focuses on identifying technological Options whereas the third stage reviews the different alternatives, searching for the most attractive tradeoffs between costs and inherent safety. This is then used as a fundament for deciding which Technology Option to pursue. This method aims at providing a solution-focused, systematic Technology-based approach for addressing and setting priorities for environmental problems. By combining risk assessment with a structured approach to identify superior Technology Options within a risk management system, the result could very well be a win-win situation for both company and the environment.
Henrik Lund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effectiveness of storage and relocation Options in renewable energy systems
Renewable Energy, 2008Co-Authors: Morten Boje Blarke, Henrik LundAbstract:Across the world, energy planners and transmission system operators are faced with decisions on how to deal with challenges associated with high penetration levels of intermittent energy resources and combined heat and power (CHP). At the same time, distributed plant operators are eager to reduce uncertainties related to fuel and electricity price fluctuations. These interests meet-up for Options in distributed supply that introduces the principle of storage and relocation, typically by integrating heat pumps (HP) or electric boilers (EBs) into the operational strategies of existing CHP plants. This paper introduces the principle of storage and relocation by energy system design, and proposes for the storage and relocation potential of a Technology Option to be found by comparing Options by their storage and relocation coefficient Rc, defined as the statistical correlation between net electricity exchange between plant and grid, and the electricity demand minus intermittent renewable electricity production. Detailed operational analyses made for various CHP Options within the West Danish energy system, point to the concepts of CHP-HP and CHP-HP cold storage for effectively increasing energy system flexibility. For CHP-HP cold storage, Rc increases from 0.518 to 0.547, while the plant's fuel efficiency increases from 92.0% to 97.2%. These findings are discussed within frameworks of renewable energy systems, suggesting principles for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation system designs.
Anagnostopoulos Kostas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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employment of renewable energy in jordan current status swot and problem analysis
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015Co-Authors: J O Jaber, Fawwaz Elkarmi, Emil Alasis, Anagnostopoulos KostasAbstract:The aim of this investigation is to assess the current status of renewable energy sources and systems in Jordan and develop a matrix of strength (S), weakness (W) as internal issues and opportunities (O) and threats (T) as external factors. The SWOT analysis will hopefully yield a good basis for formulating a policy advice regarding enhanced utilization of Renewable Energy in Jordan by using problem tree analysis. The conducted analysis was developed through a series of face-to-face meetings with all concerned stakeholders from the public as well as the private sectors, using a semi-structured questionnaire, taking into account the government plans to increase the contribution of renewable energy in the national energy mix to reach 10% of the total energy consumption by the year 2020. After collecting and analyzing the notes, strong points were grouped in a matrix together and same for weakness, opportunities and threats. Among the most important weaknesses that may hinder efforts in developing renewable energy sources in Jordan are (i) the available financing schemes and (ii) the future price of electricity generated by renewable sources. It is still uncommon, in Jordan, to find banks׳ that have special financing programs, with reduced service charges, to support renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. Equally important is that the Jordan Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Fund (JREEEF) which was created, in 2012, to contribute to the development of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Jordan, is still not operational, yet. Without providing needed support for renewable energy through public awareness and training, project preparation, access to credit, cost of financing and access to equity financing, the national goals may not be achieved. The study concludes that the policy regarding Renewable Energy should focus on a commitment to a phased approach involving an investment program that exploits the cost and technical potential of each RE Technology Option is very much needed. Moreover, the government needs to remove obstacles and facilitate on-going projects as a matter of urgency, reaching a state of stakeholder buy-in engaging with the RE projects, picking the lowest hanging fruit with the immediate launch of projects that eat away at the peak demand, and finally encouraging technological innovation.
Yi Hua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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natural gas in hydrogen production a cost study
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Nikolaos K Kazantzis, Yi HuaAbstract:A comprehensive economic performance evaluation framework for palladium (Pd)-based industrial-scale catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) modules integrated into hydrogen (H2) production systems (HP-CMR) through methane steam reforming has been developed. The HP-CMR Technology Option offers a promising pathway towards hydrogen production with enhanced environmental performance in a carbon dioxide-constrained world. Within the above context, this paper develops comprehensive baseline models for total capital investment (TCI) and total product cost (TPC) to evaluate the economic performance of CMRs. Various sources of uncertainty (raw material market prices, labour costs, membrane lifetime and maintenance costs, financing costs, etc.) are recognised and their effect on TCI and TPC is explicitly taken into account using Monte Carlo techniques. As a result, insightful distribution profiles of TCI and TPC are derived rather than single-point value estimates and more realistic distributions of CMR economic performan...
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hydrogen production in a large scale water gas shift pd based catalytic membrane reactor
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013Co-Authors: Jacopo Catalano, Federico Guazzone, Ivan P Mardilovich, Nikolaos Kazantzis, Yi HuaAbstract:Composite palladium and Pd-based membranes represent an appealing Technology Option to increase the CO conversion and the H2 recovery in the water–gas shift (WGS) reactor as a result of the continuous removal of hydrogen over the course of the reaction. Even though many studies have been performed in this area, their outcome typically represents a proof-of-concept involving reactors with small membrane area. The present study therefore addresses the scaling up of the process to obtain high hydrogen production rates through the use of large surface area, ∼0.02 m2, composite Pd membranes. Two thin, δ < 10 μm, defect-free composite membranes were prepared by the electroless plating method on porous stainless steel tubular supports and tested under pure gases and water–gas shift reaction conditions. Syngas similar to the actual gasifier reacting mixture (40% H2, 42.2% CO, and 17.8% CO2 and steam to carbon ratio varying between 2.5 and 3.5) was fed to the WGS catalytic membrane reactor (WGS-CMR) with a total f...
