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Chyi-lu Jang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE IMPACT OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENT FOR CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF Telecommunications Equipment ON TRADE: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN
The Global Journal of Business Research, 2014Co-Authors: Chun Chieh Wang, Chyi-lu JangAbstract:We use Taiwanese trade data from 2009 to 2012 to examine the impacts of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on trade. The results show that Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment can increase Taiwan’s exports of cellular phones and laptop computers to other Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation members. We also provide evidence that a mutual recognition agreement can reduce the non-tariff barriers caused by technological regulations and standards in some cases.
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The Impact of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on Trade: Evidence from Taiwan
The Global Journal of Business Research, 2014Co-Authors: Chun Chieh Wang, Chyi-lu JangAbstract:ABSTRACTWe use Taiwanese trade data from 2009 to 2012 to examine the impacts of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on trade. The results show that Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment can increase Taiwan s exports of cellular phones and laptop computers to other Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation members. We also provide evidence that a mutual recognition agreement can reduce the non-tariff barriers caused by technological regulations and standards in some cases.JEL: F14, F53, F15KEYWORDS: APEC, Mutual Recognition Agreement, Trade, Gravity EquationINTRODUCTIONAlthough the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha round negotiation, begun in 2001, has yet to conclude, trade barriers caused by tariffs have been lowered due to several sets of negotiations before and after the establishment of the WTO; however, non-tariff barriers continue to impede the flow of goods between countries. The different types of non-tariff barriers are varied and complicated, and hence, it is difficult to reach a consensus to eliminate non-tariff barriers in negotiations. Quotas, a type of quantitative constraint, are one formerly popular form of non-tariff barrier, but more recently, technical standards have overtaken quotas to become the major cause of disputes over non-agriculture goods in the WTO (Santana and Jackson, 2012). Among the various WTO trade agreements, the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreements are conceptually similar. Seeking to protect the safety of human being and living things, these two agreements empower WTO members to set non-discriminatory regulations on the technical standards for goods (TBT) and animals, plants, and food (SBS). Clearly, different technical standards and SPS measures can create trade barriers among the WTO members by creating extra examination costs for exporters.Harmonization and mutual recognition are two major methods used to alleviate the unnecessary trade barriers caused by technical standards and SPS measures, especially in European countries (Brenton, Sheehy, and Vancauteren, 2001). Harmonization means that trade partners coordinate to apply the same technical standards or SPS measures to products. Due to sovereignty concerns, most countries reserve the right to set the standards or measures to protect their citizens, although suggestions from international organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission will be considered. In most cases, mutual recognition is more important to alleviate this type of non-tariff trade barrier. Indeed the mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) between the United States, European Commission, and other countries are studied in the literature, such as Amurgo-Pacheco(2006).Under the arrangement of mutual recognition, the tests or certifications for export goods can be preceded in the exporters' countries, thus avoiding duplicate testing and shortening the time to market for new products. Further, the required technical standards and SPS measures will be more transparent. It is expected that MRAs between trade partners can alleviate trade barriers and promote trade flows. This paper will examine this theoretical prediction by exploring Taiwanese trade data. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment (APEC Tel MRA) is the targeted MRA in this paper. APEC Tel MRA was endorsed in 1998 and commenced in 1999. The scope of the conformity assessments covered by APEC Tel MRA includes electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electrical safety. Many of Taiwan's major export goods, such as laptop computers and cellular phones, need to pass the conformity assessments covered by APEC Tel MRA before they can be exported to other APEC members, which is the reason we have chosen to analyze APEC Tel MRA in this paper. …
Michael Dowling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Business and technology strategies and new venture performance: a study of the Telecommunications Equipment industry
Management Science, 1994Co-Authors: Michael Dowling, Jeffrey E. McgeeAbstract:In this paper, a set of hypotheses relating competitive and cooperative business strategies and technology strategies to new venture performance are developed. These hypotheses are tested using data collected from the Initial Public Offering (IPO) documents of a sample of 52 new ventures in the Telecommunications Equipment industry. This industry has experienced a great deal of technological change as computer and telephone technologies have merged allowing a variety of new ventures to successfully enter the industry. The results suggest that new ventures pursuing broad cost leadership strategies were more successful. Investments in innovation in terms of relative R&D expenditures were also related to higher performance. Finally, significant interaction effects between investments in innovation and competitive strategies and performance were found.
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Technological Innovation as a Gateway to Entry: The Case of the Telecommunications Equipment Industry
Research Policy, 1992Co-Authors: Michael Dowling, Timothy W. RuefliAbstract:This study first reviews the concept of entry barriers in the economics and strategic management literature and investment in innovation as a particular kind of barrier to entry. An argument is then presented that one can also view, from the perspective of the entrant, innovation as a gateway into a changing industry. Data from the Telecommunications Equipment industry during the period 1975–1986 support this argument. These findings suggest that the traditional, steadystate assumptions underlying the industrial organization paradigm, and the recently developed strategy typologies based on this paradigm, may be inappropriate in industries experiencing fundamental technological changes. In such cases, strategies designed to take advantage of change may be more fruitful.
Seiichi Muroyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stand-Alone Hybrid Power Supply System Composed of Wind Turbine and Photovoltaic Modules for Powering Radio Relay Stations
2004Co-Authors: Satoshi Tanezaki, Toshio Matsushima, Seiichi MuroyamaAbstract:We describe a simulation method and design for a stand-alone hybrid power supply system composed of a wind turbine generator and photovoltaic modules. The system has been developed to supply power for Telecommunications Equipment in areas with no commercial power sources. We also report a comparison of the simulation results with actual measured data. The results show that the hybrid system can function effectively as a power supply for Telecommunications Equipment.
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Stand-alone hybrid power supply system composed of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules for powering radio relay stations
2003Co-Authors: Satoshi Tanezaki, Toshio Matsushima, Seiichi MuroyamaAbstract:In this paper, we describe a simulation method and the fundamental construction of a stand-alone hybrid power supply system composed of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules. The system has been developed to supply power for Telecommunications Equipment in areas with no commercial power source. We also report on a comparison of simulation results with actual measured ones. We found that the developed hybrid system is effective as a power supply for Telecommunications Equipment.
Chun Chieh Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE IMPACT OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENT FOR CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT OF Telecommunications Equipment ON TRADE: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN
The Global Journal of Business Research, 2014Co-Authors: Chun Chieh Wang, Chyi-lu JangAbstract:We use Taiwanese trade data from 2009 to 2012 to examine the impacts of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on trade. The results show that Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment can increase Taiwan’s exports of cellular phones and laptop computers to other Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation members. We also provide evidence that a mutual recognition agreement can reduce the non-tariff barriers caused by technological regulations and standards in some cases.
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The Impact of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on Trade: Evidence from Taiwan
The Global Journal of Business Research, 2014Co-Authors: Chun Chieh Wang, Chyi-lu JangAbstract:ABSTRACTWe use Taiwanese trade data from 2009 to 2012 to examine the impacts of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment on trade. The results show that Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment can increase Taiwan s exports of cellular phones and laptop computers to other Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation members. We also provide evidence that a mutual recognition agreement can reduce the non-tariff barriers caused by technological regulations and standards in some cases.JEL: F14, F53, F15KEYWORDS: APEC, Mutual Recognition Agreement, Trade, Gravity EquationINTRODUCTIONAlthough the World Trade Organization (WTO) Doha round negotiation, begun in 2001, has yet to conclude, trade barriers caused by tariffs have been lowered due to several sets of negotiations before and after the establishment of the WTO; however, non-tariff barriers continue to impede the flow of goods between countries. The different types of non-tariff barriers are varied and complicated, and hence, it is difficult to reach a consensus to eliminate non-tariff barriers in negotiations. Quotas, a type of quantitative constraint, are one formerly popular form of non-tariff barrier, but more recently, technical standards have overtaken quotas to become the major cause of disputes over non-agriculture goods in the WTO (Santana and Jackson, 2012). Among the various WTO trade agreements, the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreements are conceptually similar. Seeking to protect the safety of human being and living things, these two agreements empower WTO members to set non-discriminatory regulations on the technical standards for goods (TBT) and animals, plants, and food (SBS). Clearly, different technical standards and SPS measures can create trade barriers among the WTO members by creating extra examination costs for exporters.Harmonization and mutual recognition are two major methods used to alleviate the unnecessary trade barriers caused by technical standards and SPS measures, especially in European countries (Brenton, Sheehy, and Vancauteren, 2001). Harmonization means that trade partners coordinate to apply the same technical standards or SPS measures to products. Due to sovereignty concerns, most countries reserve the right to set the standards or measures to protect their citizens, although suggestions from international organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission will be considered. In most cases, mutual recognition is more important to alleviate this type of non-tariff trade barrier. Indeed the mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) between the United States, European Commission, and other countries are studied in the literature, such as Amurgo-Pacheco(2006).Under the arrangement of mutual recognition, the tests or certifications for export goods can be preceded in the exporters' countries, thus avoiding duplicate testing and shortening the time to market for new products. Further, the required technical standards and SPS measures will be more transparent. It is expected that MRAs between trade partners can alleviate trade barriers and promote trade flows. This paper will examine this theoretical prediction by exploring Taiwanese trade data. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition Arrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment (APEC Tel MRA) is the targeted MRA in this paper. APEC Tel MRA was endorsed in 1998 and commenced in 1999. The scope of the conformity assessments covered by APEC Tel MRA includes electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electrical safety. Many of Taiwan's major export goods, such as laptop computers and cellular phones, need to pass the conformity assessments covered by APEC Tel MRA before they can be exported to other APEC members, which is the reason we have chosen to analyze APEC Tel MRA in this paper. …
Jeffrey E. Mcgee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Business and technology strategies and new venture performance: a study of the Telecommunications Equipment industry
Management Science, 1994Co-Authors: Michael Dowling, Jeffrey E. McgeeAbstract:In this paper, a set of hypotheses relating competitive and cooperative business strategies and technology strategies to new venture performance are developed. These hypotheses are tested using data collected from the Initial Public Offering (IPO) documents of a sample of 52 new ventures in the Telecommunications Equipment industry. This industry has experienced a great deal of technological change as computer and telephone technologies have merged allowing a variety of new ventures to successfully enter the industry. The results suggest that new ventures pursuing broad cost leadership strategies were more successful. Investments in innovation in terms of relative R&D expenditures were also related to higher performance. Finally, significant interaction effects between investments in innovation and competitive strategies and performance were found.
