The Experts below are selected from a list of 219 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kornélia Lehotzky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of social learning on a conditioned avoidance response of rats treated prenatally with aluminum lactate.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 1997Co-Authors: Zsuzsanna Gonda, Ádám Miklósi, Kornélia LehotzkyAbstract:Aluminum (Al) has been proven to be a behavioral Teratogenic Agent in a number of experimental studies. Prenatal exposures to Al lactate have been shown to cause cognitive deficits in a variety of species. The present experiment was carried out on SPRD rat pups treated prenatally with Al lactate to determine whether observational conditioning (social learning) would reverse the impairment in learning described previously following such treatment. A conditioned avoidance response was used as an observational learning task. The results provide evidence that Al-treated pups are capable of social learning (i.e., the performance of the avoidance response improved as a result of observational learning); however, the response latency of the avoidance response was not different in these animals from those that were not exposed to such facilitation, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the effects of prenatal aluminum intoxication on cognitive processes.
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The effect of social learning on a conditioned avoidance response of rats treated prenatally with aluminum lactate.
Neurotoxicology and teratology, 1997Co-Authors: Zsuzsanna Gonda, Ádám Miklósi, Kornélia LehotzkyAbstract:Aluminum (Al) has been proven to be a behavioral Teratogenic Agent in a number of experimental studies. Prenatal exposures to Al lactate have been shown to cause cognitive deficits in a variety of species. The present experiment was carried out on SPRD rat pups treated prenatally with Al lactate to determine whether observational conditioning (social learning) would reverse the impairment in learning described previously following such treatment. A conditioned avoidance response was used as an observational learning task. The results provide evidence that Al-treated pups are capable of social learning (i.e., the performance of the avoidance response improved as a result that Al-treated learning); however, the response latency of the avoidance response was not different in these animals from those that were not exposed to such facilitation, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the effects of prenatal aluminum intoxication on cognitive processes.
Zsuzsanna Gonda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of social learning on a conditioned avoidance response of rats treated prenatally with aluminum lactate.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 1997Co-Authors: Zsuzsanna Gonda, Ádám Miklósi, Kornélia LehotzkyAbstract:Aluminum (Al) has been proven to be a behavioral Teratogenic Agent in a number of experimental studies. Prenatal exposures to Al lactate have been shown to cause cognitive deficits in a variety of species. The present experiment was carried out on SPRD rat pups treated prenatally with Al lactate to determine whether observational conditioning (social learning) would reverse the impairment in learning described previously following such treatment. A conditioned avoidance response was used as an observational learning task. The results provide evidence that Al-treated pups are capable of social learning (i.e., the performance of the avoidance response improved as a result of observational learning); however, the response latency of the avoidance response was not different in these animals from those that were not exposed to such facilitation, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the effects of prenatal aluminum intoxication on cognitive processes.
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The effect of social learning on a conditioned avoidance response of rats treated prenatally with aluminum lactate.
Neurotoxicology and teratology, 1997Co-Authors: Zsuzsanna Gonda, Ádám Miklósi, Kornélia LehotzkyAbstract:Aluminum (Al) has been proven to be a behavioral Teratogenic Agent in a number of experimental studies. Prenatal exposures to Al lactate have been shown to cause cognitive deficits in a variety of species. The present experiment was carried out on SPRD rat pups treated prenatally with Al lactate to determine whether observational conditioning (social learning) would reverse the impairment in learning described previously following such treatment. A conditioned avoidance response was used as an observational learning task. The results provide evidence that Al-treated pups are capable of social learning (i.e., the performance of the avoidance response improved as a result that Al-treated learning); however, the response latency of the avoidance response was not different in these animals from those that were not exposed to such facilitation, suggesting that additional factors are involved in the effects of prenatal aluminum intoxication on cognitive processes.
Joseph P. Icenogle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the united states 1961 2009
Virology Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Emily Abernathy, Min-hsin Chen, Jayati Bera, Susmita Shrivastava, Ewen Kirkness, Qi Zheng, William J Bellini, Joseph P. IcenogleAbstract:Rubella virus is the causative Agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent Teratogenic Agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5′ 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses.
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Chapter 1 Molecular Virology of Rubella Virus
Rubella Viruses, 2006Co-Authors: Min-hsin Chen, Joseph P. IcenogleAbstract:Publisher Summary Rubella virus is a potent, infectious, Teratogenic Agent that continues to cause devastating epidemics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in much of the world Viruses isolated from CRS cases are identical to viruses from postnatal rubella cases. There is significant sequence variation among the currently circulating rubella viruses; although a specific antigenic site in the E2 protein recognized a monoclonal antibody in western blots is not conserved, overall there is only one serotype of rubella viruses. There is sufficient variability in currently circulating rubella viruses to allow the molecular epidemiology of rubella viruses to support rubella control and elimination activities. Some rubella virus genotypes are geographically restricted, allowing sporadic cases caused by these genotypes in other locations to be considered importations. In addition, p90 has been shown to interact with both the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the cytokinesis regulatory protein, citron-K kinase. There is evidence that a balance between cellular survival signals and normal proliferative signals is needed for optimal virus growth. It is noted that molecular evidence for the mechanism(s) of teratogenesis are lacking in humans or animal models. These works in cell lines suggest that interactions between rubella proteins (e.g. p90) with cellular proteins that regulate cell growth may be the reason why rubella virus is a potent human teratogen.
Teryl K. Frey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular Biology of Rubella Virus
Advances in virus research, 1994Co-Authors: Teryl K. FreyAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the present medical significance of rubella virus. Rubella virus infection is systemic in nature and the accompanying symptoms are generally benign, the most pronounced being a mild rash of short duration. The most common complication of rubella virus infection is transient joint involvement such as polyarthralgia and arthritis. The primary health impact of rubella virus is that it is a Teratogenic Agent. The vaccination strategy is aimed at elimination of rubella and includes both universal vaccination of infants at 15 months of age with the trivalent measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine and specific targeting with the rubella vaccine of seronegative women planning pregnancy and seronegative adults who could come in contact with women of childbearing age, although it is recommended that any individual over the age of 12 months without evidence of natural infection or vaccination be vaccinated. Medically, the current challenge posed by rubella virus is to achieve complete vaccination coverage to prevent resurgences.
Min-hsin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the united states 1961 2009
Virology Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Emily Abernathy, Min-hsin Chen, Jayati Bera, Susmita Shrivastava, Ewen Kirkness, Qi Zheng, William J Bellini, Joseph P. IcenogleAbstract:Rubella virus is the causative Agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent Teratogenic Agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5′ 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses.
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Analysis of whole genome sequences of 16 strains of rubella virus from the United States, 1961–2009
Virology Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Emily Abernathy, Min-hsin Chen, Jayati Bera, Susmita Shrivastava, Ewen Kirkness, Qi Zheng, William Bellini, Joseph IcenogleAbstract:Rubella virus is the causative Agent of rubella, a mild rash illness, and a potent Teratogenic Agent when contracted by a pregnant woman. Global rubella control programs target the reduction and elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of rubella viruses has contributed to virus surveillance efforts and played an important role in demonstrating that indigenous rubella viruses have been eliminated in the United States. Sixteen wild-type rubella viruses were chosen for whole genome sequencing. All 16 viruses were collected in the United States from 1961 to 2009 and are from 8 of the 13 known rubella genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of 30 whole genome sequences produced a maximum likelihood tree giving high bootstrap values for all genotypes except provisional genotype 1a. Comparison of the 16 new complete sequences and 14 previously sequenced wild-type viruses found regions with clusters of variable amino acids. The 5^′ 250 nucleotides of the genome are more conserved than any other part of the genome. Genotype specific deletions in the untranslated region between the non-structural and structural open reading frames were observed for genotypes 2B and genotype 1G. No evidence was seen for recombination events among the 30 viruses. The analysis presented here is consistent with previous reports on the genetic characterization of rubella virus genomes. Conserved and variable regions were identified and additional evidence for genotype specific nucleotide deletions in the intergenic region was found. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed genotype groupings originally based on structural protein coding region sequences, which provides support for the WHO nomenclature for genetic characterization of wild-type rubella viruses.
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Chapter 1 Molecular Virology of Rubella Virus
Rubella Viruses, 2006Co-Authors: Min-hsin Chen, Joseph P. IcenogleAbstract:Publisher Summary Rubella virus is a potent, infectious, Teratogenic Agent that continues to cause devastating epidemics of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in much of the world Viruses isolated from CRS cases are identical to viruses from postnatal rubella cases. There is significant sequence variation among the currently circulating rubella viruses; although a specific antigenic site in the E2 protein recognized a monoclonal antibody in western blots is not conserved, overall there is only one serotype of rubella viruses. There is sufficient variability in currently circulating rubella viruses to allow the molecular epidemiology of rubella viruses to support rubella control and elimination activities. Some rubella virus genotypes are geographically restricted, allowing sporadic cases caused by these genotypes in other locations to be considered importations. In addition, p90 has been shown to interact with both the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein and the cytokinesis regulatory protein, citron-K kinase. There is evidence that a balance between cellular survival signals and normal proliferative signals is needed for optimal virus growth. It is noted that molecular evidence for the mechanism(s) of teratogenesis are lacking in humans or animal models. These works in cell lines suggest that interactions between rubella proteins (e.g. p90) with cellular proteins that regulate cell growth may be the reason why rubella virus is a potent human teratogen.