The Experts below are selected from a list of 150 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G Schwachula - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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calculation of the Copolymerization parameters in the Ternary Copolymerization system of styrene m divinyl benzene p divinylbenzene
Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia, 2007Co-Authors: G SchwachulaAbstract:The r-values of styrene with p-divinylbenzene or m-divinylbenzene (DVB), respectively, as determined by several authors, deviate strongly from the ideal straight line in the binary polymerization diagram. In an attempt to convert the various r-values into coincident e-and q-values according to the equations of Schwan and Price. log r1 = (1 T) [6.79 (q1 - q2) - 3.63 1( 1 – 2)] and log r2 = (- 1 T) [6.79 (q1 - q2) + 3.63 2 ( 1 - 2)] good agreement was found for several r-values, while others gave results that could not be evaluated. From a couple of - and q-values of p-divinylbenzene and m-divinylbenzene, the unmeasured r-values between p-divinylbenzene and m-divinylbenzene were computed according to Schwan and Price. Using these r-values, the Ternary, Copolymerization system of styrene m-divinylbenzene/p-divinylbenzene was computed approximately for various molar ratios of p-divinylbenzene to m-divinylbenzene (2:1 1:4) according to Alfrey and Goldfinger. It was shown that p-divinylbenzene has an essential influence on heterogeneity in a Ternary system, too.
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Calculation of the Copolymerization parameters in the Ternary Copolymerization system of styrene/m-divinyl-benzene/p-divinylbenzene
Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia, 2007Co-Authors: G SchwachulaAbstract:The r-values of styrene with p-divinylbenzene or m-divinylbenzene (DVB), respectively, as determined by several authors, deviate strongly from the ideal straight line in the binary polymerization diagram. In an attempt to convert the various r-values into coincident e-and q-values according to the equations of Schwan and Price. log r1 = (1 T) [6.79 (q1 - q2) - 3.63 1( 1 – 2)] and log r2 = (- 1 T) [6.79 (q1 - q2) + 3.63 2 ( 1 - 2)] good agreement was found for several r-values, while others gave results that could not be evaluated. From a couple of - and q-values of p-divinylbenzene and m-divinylbenzene, the unmeasured r-values between p-divinylbenzene and m-divinylbenzene were computed according to Schwan and Price. Using these r-values, the Ternary, Copolymerization system of styrene m-divinylbenzene/p-divinylbenzene was computed approximately for various molar ratios of p-divinylbenzene to m-divinylbenzene (2:1 1:4) according to Alfrey and Goldfinger. It was shown that p-divinylbenzene has an essential influence on heterogeneity in a Ternary system, too.
Victor E Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computer calculations of binary and Ternary Copolymerization behavior
Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, 2007Co-Authors: Richard K S Chan, Victor E MeyerAbstract:Computer programs in use in our laboratory for the calculation of binary and Ternary Copolymerization behavior are reviewed. In the case of binary Copolymerization an analytical equation is available, allowing rapid and precise calculations of various parameters of interest. In the case of Ternary and higher component systems numerical methods of integration are required. The application of the Runge-Kutta method to Ternary Copolymerization systems is outlined. Examples and some of the difficulties encountered with both systems are presented.
Richard K S Chan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computer calculations of binary and Ternary Copolymerization behavior
Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, 2007Co-Authors: Richard K S Chan, Victor E MeyerAbstract:Computer programs in use in our laboratory for the calculation of binary and Ternary Copolymerization behavior are reviewed. In the case of binary Copolymerization an analytical equation is available, allowing rapid and precise calculations of various parameters of interest. In the case of Ternary and higher component systems numerical methods of integration are required. The application of the Runge-Kutta method to Ternary Copolymerization systems is outlined. Examples and some of the difficulties encountered with both systems are presented.
Mohamed Azab - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Azeotropy in terpolymerizations
Polymer International, 2004Co-Authors: Mohamed AzabAbstract:Ternary Copolymerization of tri-n-butyltin acrylate (BTA) with methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (ST), acrylonitrile (AN) and N-methacryloyloxytetrabromophthalimide (NMTP) was carried out in solution at 65 °C in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agree well with calculations based on the Alfrey–Goldfinger equation. The determination of unitary, binary and Ternary azeotropes of the systems studied was easily handled by a computer program. Ternary azeotropic compositions for BTA-NMTP-ST and BTA-NMTP-AN were 71:8:21 and 25:25:50 mol%, respectively. Selective unitary and binary azeotropic compositions were polymerized and the 26:20:54 results obtained show good agreement between the theoretical and experimental terpolymer compositions for each case. Also, pseudo-azeotropic regions were identified where the deviation between feed and polymer composition is very small. The azeotropic points of the four systems were confirmed using Turasov et al's equations and were found to have satisfactory results. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Azeotropy in terpolymerization of N‐antipyryl acrylamide with different alkyl acrylates or styrene and acrylonitrile
Journal of Polymer Science Part A, 1994Co-Authors: S. H. El-hamouly, Mohamed AzabAbstract:Ternary Copolymerization of N-antipyryl acrylamide (NAA) with different alkyl acrylates [methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), butyl acrylate (BuA)] or styrene (ST) and acrylonitrile (AN) were carried out in solution at 65°C in the presence of AIBN as a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization daca agree well with calculations based on the Alfrey–Goldfinger equation. The determination of unitary, binary, and Ternary azeotropes of various systems studied was easily handled by a computer program. Ternary azeotropic compositions for NAA–MA–AN, NAA–EA–AN, NAA–BuA–AN, and NAA–ST–AN system were 31.0 : 10.0 : 59.0, 37.0 : 09.0 : 54.0, 23.0 : 10.0 : 67.0, and 66.5 : 30.50 : 03.0 mol %, respectively. Selective unitary and binary azeotropic compositions were polymerized and the obtained results show good agreement between the theoretical and experimental terpolymer composition for each case. Also, pseudo-azeotropic regions were identified where the deviation between feed and polymer composition is very small. The azeotropic points of the four systems were confirmed using Tarasov et al.'s equations and were found to have satisfactory results. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Terpolymerizations of p-acryloyloxy-tri-n-butyltin benzoate with alkyl acrylates or vinyl acetate and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
European Polymer Journal, 1994Co-Authors: Mohamed AzabAbstract:Abstract Ternary Copolymerization reactions of p-acryloyloxy-tri-n-butyltin benzoate (ABTB) with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) and alkyl acrylates [ethyl (EA) and butyl acrylate (BA)] or vinyl acetate (VA) were carried out in solution at 65° in the presence of a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agreed well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation. The unitary, binary and Ternary azeotropes of various systems studied was easily determined by a computer program. The results obtained showed that there is no Ternary azeotropic compositions for any terpolymer system studied. Selective unitary and binary azeotropic compositions were polymerized and the results obtained showed good agreement between the theoretical and experimental terpolymer composition for each case.
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Organotin polymers. XV. Azeotropy in terpolymerization reactions of tributyltin acrylate or methacrylate with itaconic acid or dimethylitaconate and acrylonitrile
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1992Co-Authors: A. A. Mahmoud, A. F. Shaaban, Mohamed Azab, N. N. MessihaAbstract:Ternary Copolymerization of tri-n-butyltin acrylate (TBTA) or methylacrylate (TBTMA) with itaconic acid (IA) or dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and acrylonitrile (AN) were carried out in solution at 70°C in the presence of a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agreed well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation. Ternary azeotropic compositions for TBTA-IA-AN, TBTMA-IA-IA, and TBTMA-DMI-AN systems were 39.0 : 26.1 : 34.9, 51.7 : 10.5 :37.8, and 00.3 : 66.3 : 33.4 mol %, respectively. Also, “pseudo-azeotropic” regions were indentified where the deviation between feed and polymer compositions is very small.
Renqiang Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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regulating molecular aggregations of polymers via Ternary Copolymerization strategy for efficient solar cells
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017Co-Authors: Qian Wang, Yingying Wang, Wei Zheng, Bilal Shahid, Di Wang, Renqiang YangAbstract:For many high-performance photovoltaic materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs), the active layers usually need to be spin-coated at high temperature due to the strong intermolecular aggregation of donor polymers, which is unfavorable in device repeatability and large-scale PSC printing. In this work, we adopted a Ternary Copolymerization strategy to regulate polymer solubility and molecular aggregation. A series of D–A1–D–A2 random polymers based on different acceptors, strong electron-withdrawing unit ester substituted thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TT-E), and highly planar dithiazole linked TT-E (DTzTT) were constructed to realize the regulation of molecular aggregation and simplification of device fabrication. The results showed that as the relative proportion of TT-E segment in the backbone increased, the absorption evidently red-shifted with a gradually decreased aggregation in solution, eventually leading to the active layers that can be fabricated at low temperature. Furthermore, due to the excellent phas...