The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Swadesh Verma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weaving of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:The production of high-quality woven Terry Fabric is a complex process, part of which is performed on an especially designed and equipped loom. The mechanism of the loom that is responsible for the production of the pile loop on the Fabric surface is known as the Terry mechanism. Since the inception of Terry Fabric production, a number of mechanisms have been invented. A number of possible Terry Fabric structures have been produced. With the advancement in the technology of electronics, microprocessor-controlled, highly dynamic stepping motors, with modern mechanisms have helped technologists to produce elaborate and beautiful patters on the Terry Fabric during weaving. These technical and structural developments are described in this chapter.
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Evolution of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:A presentation of the holistic picture of the Terry Fabric world has been attempted in this chapter. The historical development, detailed classification and application have been discussed. The construction details and general information on the various towels have been described. Towelling Fabric has been classified. The detailed classification of the woven Terry Fabric shows its distinction from the other Terry Fabrics.
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Shearing and printing of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:The aesthetic characteristics play a very crucial role in deciding the quality and cost of the Terry Fabric products. Shearing and printing are the two important processes through which the aesthetic characteristics of these products have been increased. The process of partial cutting of the pile loops of Terry Fabric is known as shearing. Apart from the aesthetics improvement, this process improves the functional properties of the Fabric. The process detail and machinery detail of these processes have been discussed in this chapter.
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Producing high-quality Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:There are a number of variables that affect the properties and performance of woven Terry Fabrics. The interaction effects of these variables are also an important aspect that needs to be considered for the optimisation of Fabric behaviour. Water absorbency and compression are the important properties of woven Terry Fabric that govern quality and performance. Box and Behnken designed an experiment that is an important tool for the optimisation purpose. The production of high-quality woven Terry Fabric by optimising the different Fabric parameters is described in this chapter.
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Compression and surface characteristics of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:The compression and surface characteristics of Terry Fabric play a crucial role in determining its hand and aesthetic behaviour. The number of variables related to fibre, yarn and Fabric governs these characteristics. The effect of different fibres, yarns and Fabric variables on the compression and surface characteristics have been described in this chapter.
Jitendra Pratap Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weaving of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:The production of high-quality woven Terry Fabric is a complex process, part of which is performed on an especially designed and equipped loom. The mechanism of the loom that is responsible for the production of the pile loop on the Fabric surface is known as the Terry mechanism. Since the inception of Terry Fabric production, a number of mechanisms have been invented. A number of possible Terry Fabric structures have been produced. With the advancement in the technology of electronics, microprocessor-controlled, highly dynamic stepping motors, with modern mechanisms have helped technologists to produce elaborate and beautiful patters on the Terry Fabric during weaving. These technical and structural developments are described in this chapter.
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Evolution of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:A presentation of the holistic picture of the Terry Fabric world has been attempted in this chapter. The historical development, detailed classification and application have been discussed. The construction details and general information on the various towels have been described. Towelling Fabric has been classified. The detailed classification of the woven Terry Fabric shows its distinction from the other Terry Fabrics.
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Shearing and printing of Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:The aesthetic characteristics play a very crucial role in deciding the quality and cost of the Terry Fabric products. Shearing and printing are the two important processes through which the aesthetic characteristics of these products have been increased. The process of partial cutting of the pile loops of Terry Fabric is known as shearing. Apart from the aesthetics improvement, this process improves the functional properties of the Fabric. The process detail and machinery detail of these processes have been discussed in this chapter.
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9 – Wet processing
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap SinghAbstract:The wet processing of the Fabric produced or the yarn that is going to be used for the production of Terry Fabric comprises the washing and dyeing. This chapter is focused on the wet processing of the woven Terry Fabric. The wet processing involves various steps like wetting, removal of size material, bleaching, dyeing, etc. The process can be carried out batch wise or as a continuous process. The details of chemicals, processes and the machines used have been described. The defects related to the wet processing have also been outlined.
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Producing high-quality Terry Fabrics
Woven Terry Fabrics, 2020Co-Authors: Jitendra Pratap Singh, Swadesh VermaAbstract:There are a number of variables that affect the properties and performance of woven Terry Fabrics. The interaction effects of these variables are also an important aspect that needs to be considered for the optimisation of Fabric behaviour. Water absorbency and compression are the important properties of woven Terry Fabric that govern quality and performance. Box and Behnken designed an experiment that is an important tool for the optimisation purpose. The production of high-quality woven Terry Fabric by optimising the different Fabric parameters is described in this chapter.
J P Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Designing Terry Fabric for improved serviceability
Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 2018Co-Authors: J P Singh, Bijoya Kumar BeheraAbstract:Various Terry Fabrics (cotton) having different constructional parameters have been designed and the effect of washingtreatment on water absorbency, surface characteristics and compression characteristics are studied. To establish the optimumloop length and loop density of Terry Fabrics at which they can withstand maximum number of washing cycles withoutaffecting water absorbency, surface characteristics and compression characteristics, Terry Fabrics having the same yarn andFabric parameters are washed under industrial conditions for 10 washing cycles. After each cycle, the rate of waterabsorption, total amount of water absorbed, surface characteristics and compression characteristics are evaluated bygravimetric absorbency testing system, image analysis techniques and KES-FB-3 testing system respectively. Another groupof cotton Terry Fabrics having different loop length and loop density have been studied to optimise these two important Fabricparameters to increase the life of Fabric. It is observed that the rate of water absorption, the total amount of water absorbedand the surface characteristics improve with increase in washing cycle, but after 8th washing cycle these parameters startdeteriorating. Maximum possible loop density and loop length of 15 - 17 mm give maximum life of Terry Fabric i.e. theFabric can perform well even after 10 washing cycles. This study will certainly help in increasing the life of Terry Fabric,developing high quality towel Fabric by providing information on absorbency, surface characteristics and compressioncharacteristics of Fabric before and after washing along with the values of loop length and loop density.
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prediction of geometry of loop formed on Terry Fabric surface usingmathematical and fem modelling
Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: J P Singh, B K BeheraAbstract:The objective of this study is to understand the loop formation phenomenon of yarn by considering their nonlinear bending behaviour and the effect of loop shape factor on properties of Terry Fabric. The yarn is modelled as a continuum thin solid beam, and the governing buckling equation is derived using Timoshenko’s elastic theory and the Bernoulli-Euler theorem. Since the formation of loop is effected by large deformation caused by the weight of yarn too, geometric non-linearity is also considered and Runge Kutta method of numerical technique is used to solve the governing equation. Further, finite element modelling technique is also used to see the accuracy of the prediction which is further verified by the actual experimental results. The results of the research prove that the finer yarn produce loops which are having more circularity i.e., higher loop shape factor, as compared to the loops produced from coarse yarn. It is also being proved that the increasing the loop length increases circularity of the loop i.e., higher loop shape factor.
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Performance of Terry towel
2015Co-Authors: J P Singh, Bijoya Kumar BeheraAbstract:In this paper, a critical review of the evolved theories and mechanisms of water absorption in Terry Fabric has been reported along with the key factors to improve the water absorption. Critical analysis of all the information helps to understand and choose the most realistic theory and mechanism of water absorption of Terry Fabric which will be helpful in designing the most absorbent Terry Fabric. Both dynamic and static water absorbency along with the initial time lag immerse to be the equally important attributes of the water absorbency performance of Terry Fabrics. High loop shape factor is the key to improve the absorbency behaviour of the Terry Fabric. Study of cross-section images of different Fabric is the original work of the authors for supporting the concluding theory, mechanism and results.
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Performance of Terry towel-a critical review.Part I: water absorbency
Journal of textile and apparel technology and management, 2014Co-Authors: J P SinghAbstract:There is nothing wrong in saying that water absorbency is a synonym for Terry Fabric as it may not existed without this property. So, this paper intended to collect, critically analyse, rearrange and present the scattered information scientifically and to provide a single source of all information. In this paper, a critical review of the evolved theories and mechanisms of water absorption in Terry Fabric has been presented along with the key factors to improve the water absorption. Randomly scattered information throughout the current as well as last century, has been collected, analysed and concluded judicially. Critical analysis of all the information helps to understand and choose the most realistic theory and mechanism of water absorption of Terry Fabric which will be helpful in designing the most absorbent Terry Fabric.An attempt has also been made to conclude findings of the researches that have been directed towards understanding the effect of washing, dyeing and finishing treatment on water absorbency of Terry Fabric. Both dynamic and static water absorbency along with the initial time lag immerses to be the equally important attributes of the water absorbency performance of Terry Fabrics. High loop shape factor is the key to improve the absorbency behaviour of the Terry Fabric. This article provides a collective source of information to understand the philosophy of absorbency and the ways to develop highly absorbent Terry Fabric. This is the first review article providing a comprehensive source of information regarding all aspect of water absorbency behaviour. Study of cross-section images of different Fabric is the original work of the authors for supporting the concluding theory, mechanism and results.
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Objective evaluation of aesthetic characteristics of Terry pile structures using image analysis technique
Fibers and Polymers, 2014Co-Authors: B K Behera, J P SinghAbstract:An objective evaluation method for assessing aesthetic appearance of Terry Fabric by image processing technique is suggested. Surface texture characteristics such as energy, entropy, inertia and uniformity index (UI) have been estimated by different image processing techniques. Fast fourier transform (FFT) power spectrum method is used to estimate the surface roughness in terms of fractal dimension (FD). Subjective evaluation of appearance for different Fabric samples has been carried out and its correlation with image processing based texture characteristics is determined. Effect of different fibre, yarn and Fabric construction variables on surface appearance is investigated. Negative correlation is obtained between fractal dimension & energy while rest of the parameters have resulted good positive correlation. Combed pile yarn Fabric gives higher disordered and less homogeneous surface than the pile structure made from carded yarn. Pile structure produced from longer & fine staple cotton fibre gives more homogeneous, less disordered, low local variation, low effective pile height variation and smoother Fabric surface. The finer yarn as pile gives more homogeneous, less disordered, low local variation, better pile uniformity and smoother surface compared to coarse yarn pile Fabric.
Salvinija Petrulyte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Liquid Sorption and Transport in Woven Structures
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Renata BaltakyteAbstract:Investigations in liquid sorption and transport were performed with three different variants of Terry woven structures. Terry Fabrics were produced using linen warp pile yarns and cotton or linen ground warps and wefts. The process of liquid sorption from the first moment when the water drop beads up the Fabric’s surface until there is a complete loss of the drop’s specular reflectance and an absolute absorption of the liquid i.e., when the wetted spot re mains stationary. A method for measuring dynamic water absorption in and through Terry Fabric is suggested. The action of Terry Fabric in contact with a liquid drop and liquid transport through it depends on the structural characteristics of the Terry material, the kind of impact or finishing operation and its intensity. The character of liquid penetration through Terry Fabric is different when analysing grey woven material, and which is affected by intensive impact/finishing. All the kinds of regressions investigated generally showed a very good match with experimental data. The results of the research determined the dynamics and character of the sorption process in woven Terry Fabrics and could be used for creating new textiles with desired properties.
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Water Vapour Absorption of Terry Fabrics with Linen and Hemp Pile Loop
2020Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Asta Velickiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:A textile material’s ability to pass water vapour greatly affects the comfort of the wearer. Terry Fabrics are characterised by their high absorption ability acquired by an increased absorbing surface of the pile structure. In this study we set out to elucidate the effects of textile structure and finishing technology on the vapour absorption of material. This pa per presents an experimental investigation of the water vapour absorption of linen/cotton and hemp/cotton Terry woven Fabrics with respect to pile height and finishing procedures. The Terry textiles used in the experimental work were made with a pile height of 6, 9, and 12 mm. The research demonstrated that the character of the water vapour absorption of Terry woven Fabrics depends on the Fabric structure and finishing applied. It was found that various finishing operations such as washing in water, washing with detergent and soften ing as well as washing with detergent, softening, and tumbling processes had an influence on the water vapour absorption of Terry Fabrics. The uniformity of dispersions was proved for the variants investigated. High informativity of the experiment was found by analysing the data of water vapour absorption of tumbled linen/cotton Terry Fabric with a 12 mm pile height. The polynomial regression showed a match with experimental data with a regression of R2 = 0.7687. From this empiric model, the effect of the tumbling period can be understood.
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Static Water Absorption in Fabrics of Different Pile Height
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2020Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Renata BaltakyteAbstract:to the loop pile facilitating water absorption, which is thanks to the developed surface. The pile height together with a large density determines the product’s full bulky handle [2]. The sorptiondesorption process is very important to maintain the microclimate during transient conditions [3]. The behaviour of textile in contact with liquid plays an important role in determining clothing performance and in maintaining body comfort [4]. The thermal comfort of clothing is associated with the thermal balance of the human body as well as with thermal responses to interactions with the textile and environment system [5]. In this case the air permeability of Terry textile also plays a significant role [6, 7]. The heterogeneity of pore size, shape and orientation affects the penetration of liquid into the yarn structure and, hence, its liquid retention properties, as exhibited by textured filament yarns [8]. In [2] it was determined how the level of water sorption ability and handle depends on the kind of raw material used, the Terry Fabric’s structure and finishing. Fabrics with cotton, cotton-linen, and cottonhemp pile were investigated. The average water sorption ability of the Fabrics after washing increases by over 10%, but this difference is not statistically significant. The Fabric’s compression ability was calculated using the free sample thickness after washing and the thickness of the washed sample after compression loading with a force of 1 N/m2. The effect of Terry Fabric parameters on water absorption properties using various
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Impregnation of Microencapsulated Aroma Oil on Ramie Blended Terry Textile and its Bending Rigidity
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2017Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Plascinskiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:An aroma agent containing eucalyptus essential oil was used for the development of a smart Terry textile. The performance of Terry woven Fabric with microcapsules in relation to varied amounts of binder as well as the weft density of the Fabric was evaluated. By SEM analysis it was confirmed that microcapsules really covered the Terry textile. The bending rigidity and coefficient of anisotropy of samples modified with microcapsules and untreated ones were assessed. Due to additive components such as microcapsules and binder, the bending rigidity of Terry Fabric increased by even 5.1-12.8 times in the weft direction and by 5.3-14.0 times in the warp direction compared with grey ones. The research developed an analysis and empiric mathematical model suitable for predicting of binding rigidity as well as designing new Terry Fabrics with required binding properties.
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Testing and predicting of yarn pull-out in aroma-textile
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Plascinskiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the pull-out force of loop pile of ramie/cotton Terry woven Fabrics treated with aroma-microcapsules as well as to understand and to interpret the pull-out behaviour developing the mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach The displacements and forces associated with pulling a yarn from different structures of Fabrics were determined. Regression analysis and factorial designs were performed. Findings The yarn pull-out behaviour of Terry Fabric is highly dependent on the applied treating and demonstrated various extents of variability under the different pulling distances. The character of yarn pull-out is periodic and depends on Fabric construction. The difference between the resistance to pile loop extraction for the grey and modified Terry Fabrics depends on the changed Fabric’s structure. The existence of good relation between binder’s concentration and resistance to pile loop extraction of Terry Fabric was proved. Practical implications The study enables to forecast important loop feature for Terry aroma-textiles: to be securely held in the place preventing loop pulling. Originality/value The assessment of the influence of Fabric’s weft density and binder’s concentration for the yarn pull-out of Terry aroma-textile was proposed. The research developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for predicting of displacements and forces related to pulling phenomenon as well as designing new multifunctional Terry Fabrics with resistance to pile loop extraction required. The received knowledge could enlarge the base of information needful for design of new products for clothing, home textile and healthcare/well-being applications as well.
Donatas Petrulis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Water Vapour Absorption of Terry Fabrics with Linen and Hemp Pile Loop
2020Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Asta Velickiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:A textile material’s ability to pass water vapour greatly affects the comfort of the wearer. Terry Fabrics are characterised by their high absorption ability acquired by an increased absorbing surface of the pile structure. In this study we set out to elucidate the effects of textile structure and finishing technology on the vapour absorption of material. This pa per presents an experimental investigation of the water vapour absorption of linen/cotton and hemp/cotton Terry woven Fabrics with respect to pile height and finishing procedures. The Terry textiles used in the experimental work were made with a pile height of 6, 9, and 12 mm. The research demonstrated that the character of the water vapour absorption of Terry woven Fabrics depends on the Fabric structure and finishing applied. It was found that various finishing operations such as washing in water, washing with detergent and soften ing as well as washing with detergent, softening, and tumbling processes had an influence on the water vapour absorption of Terry Fabrics. The uniformity of dispersions was proved for the variants investigated. High informativity of the experiment was found by analysing the data of water vapour absorption of tumbled linen/cotton Terry Fabric with a 12 mm pile height. The polynomial regression showed a match with experimental data with a regression of R2 = 0.7687. From this empiric model, the effect of the tumbling period can be understood.
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Impregnation of Microencapsulated Aroma Oil on Ramie Blended Terry Textile and its Bending Rigidity
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2017Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Plascinskiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:An aroma agent containing eucalyptus essential oil was used for the development of a smart Terry textile. The performance of Terry woven Fabric with microcapsules in relation to varied amounts of binder as well as the weft density of the Fabric was evaluated. By SEM analysis it was confirmed that microcapsules really covered the Terry textile. The bending rigidity and coefficient of anisotropy of samples modified with microcapsules and untreated ones were assessed. Due to additive components such as microcapsules and binder, the bending rigidity of Terry Fabric increased by even 5.1-12.8 times in the weft direction and by 5.3-14.0 times in the warp direction compared with grey ones. The research developed an analysis and empiric mathematical model suitable for predicting of binding rigidity as well as designing new Terry Fabrics with required binding properties.
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Testing and predicting of yarn pull-out in aroma-textile
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Plascinskiene, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the pull-out force of loop pile of ramie/cotton Terry woven Fabrics treated with aroma-microcapsules as well as to understand and to interpret the pull-out behaviour developing the mathematical model. Design/methodology/approach The displacements and forces associated with pulling a yarn from different structures of Fabrics were determined. Regression analysis and factorial designs were performed. Findings The yarn pull-out behaviour of Terry Fabric is highly dependent on the applied treating and demonstrated various extents of variability under the different pulling distances. The character of yarn pull-out is periodic and depends on Fabric construction. The difference between the resistance to pile loop extraction for the grey and modified Terry Fabrics depends on the changed Fabric’s structure. The existence of good relation between binder’s concentration and resistance to pile loop extraction of Terry Fabric was proved. Practical implications The study enables to forecast important loop feature for Terry aroma-textiles: to be securely held in the place preventing loop pulling. Originality/value The assessment of the influence of Fabric’s weft density and binder’s concentration for the yarn pull-out of Terry aroma-textile was proposed. The research developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for predicting of displacements and forces related to pulling phenomenon as well as designing new multifunctional Terry Fabrics with resistance to pile loop extraction required. The received knowledge could enlarge the base of information needful for design of new products for clothing, home textile and healthcare/well-being applications as well.
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Characterization of structure and air permeability of aromatherapic Terry textile
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Salvinija Petrulyte, Deimante Vankeviciute, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of smart aromatherapic ramie/cotton Terry Fabrics containing microcapsules (MC) with essential Eucalyptus oil. Design/methodology/approach – Terry Fabrics are manufactured by changing the weft density. The air permeability is determined for grey and microencapsulated textile. The factorial designs are made. For informative experiment the linear type of regression is analysed. Development of physical properties of microencapsulated Terry Fabrics is discussed. Findings – The air permeability of aromatherapic Terry Fabrics is determined. All statistical analysis is performed. Appropriate conclusions about the influence of Fabric’s structure and microencapsulating process on Terry Fabric quality are made. Originality/value – To date there are no investigations concerning Terry textiles with fragrance MC. This study developed analysis and empiric mathematical equations suitable for evaluating and designing Terry Fabrics with the air ...
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Study on the Possibilities to Graft Microencapsulated Essential Oil on Natural Fibres and Terry Fabrics
Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2015Co-Authors: Deimante Vankeviciute, Salvinija Petrulyte, Donatas PetrulisAbstract:This research studied the influence of thermo-fixing temperature and binder concentration on the fixation of microcapsules with Eucalyptus essential oil to yarns and Terry Fabrics as well as physical properties of textiles with microcapsules. SEM micrographs confirmed that the grafting of microcapsules onto yarns spun from cotton, grey linen, bleached linen, ramie and bamboo fibres as well as onto ramie-cotton Terry Fabrics was effective. We conclude that a thermo-fixing temperature of 160 °C and higher caused the deformation of micro capsules or the partial or entire loss of an active product of the majority of microcapsules. Larger microcapsules were commonly damaged faster and were worse than smaller ones. It was determined that variation of the binder concentration from 20 to 95 g/l increased the area density of ramie/cotton Terry Fabric 1.7 times. The area density of Terry Fabric grafted with microcapsules in relation to the weft density could be described by linear equations.
