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Jaime Aparecido Cury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanism of Fluoride Dentifrice Effect on Enamel Demineralization
Caries Research, 2009Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, C. B. Zamataro, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Although the anticaries effect of fluoride (F) dentifrices is clearly established, the relative importance of F taken up by dental Plaque not removed by brushing and of F products (CaF2-like) formed on totally cleaned enamel for the subsequent inhibition of demineralization is not known. Both effects were evaluated using conventional (1,100 μg F/g) and low-F concentration (500 μg F/g) dentifrices in a randomized, crossover, double-blind in situ study. Enamel blocks not treated or pretreated with the dentifrices to form CaF2-like deposits were mounted in palatal appliances in contact with a Streptococcus mutans Test Plaque. Volunteers brushed with non-F (negative control), low-F or conventional dentifrices and inserted the appliance in the mouth. F concentration in the fluid and solid phases of the Test Plaque was determined after 30 min, and a rinse with 20% sucrose solution was performed. After additional 45 min, Plaque was collected and the loss of surface hardness at different Test-Plaque depths was measured. CaF2-like deposition on enamel and F taken up by Plaque due to the use of F dentifrices were able to significantly increase F concentration in the fluid phase of the Test Plaque, but only the latter significantly reduced the loss of hardness because of the 20–30 times higher F concentration. Also, significant differences between the low-F and conventional dentifrices were observed for F on enamel, in Plaque and on the subsequent loss of hardness. The results suggest that uptake of F by dental Plaque not removed by brushing may be the main cause of the anticaries effect of F dentifrices.
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fluoride release from caf2 and enamel demineralization
Journal of Dental Research, 2008Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, R V Cerezetti, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:The anticaries effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoride-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on Plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F availability in fluid of subsequently formed Plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans Test Plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate (“Plaque fluid”) was measured before a cariogenic challenge. “Plaque fluid” F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to Plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanism of Fluoride Dentifrice Effect on Enamel Demineralization
Caries Research, 2009Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, C. B. Zamataro, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Although the anticaries effect of fluoride (F) dentifrices is clearly established, the relative importance of F taken up by dental Plaque not removed by brushing and of F products (CaF2-like) formed on totally cleaned enamel for the subsequent inhibition of demineralization is not known. Both effects were evaluated using conventional (1,100 μg F/g) and low-F concentration (500 μg F/g) dentifrices in a randomized, crossover, double-blind in situ study. Enamel blocks not treated or pretreated with the dentifrices to form CaF2-like deposits were mounted in palatal appliances in contact with a Streptococcus mutans Test Plaque. Volunteers brushed with non-F (negative control), low-F or conventional dentifrices and inserted the appliance in the mouth. F concentration in the fluid and solid phases of the Test Plaque was determined after 30 min, and a rinse with 20% sucrose solution was performed. After additional 45 min, Plaque was collected and the loss of surface hardness at different Test-Plaque depths was measured. CaF2-like deposition on enamel and F taken up by Plaque due to the use of F dentifrices were able to significantly increase F concentration in the fluid phase of the Test Plaque, but only the latter significantly reduced the loss of hardness because of the 20–30 times higher F concentration. Also, significant differences between the low-F and conventional dentifrices were observed for F on enamel, in Plaque and on the subsequent loss of hardness. The results suggest that uptake of F by dental Plaque not removed by brushing may be the main cause of the anticaries effect of F dentifrices.
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fluoride release from caf2 and enamel demineralization
Journal of Dental Research, 2008Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, R V Cerezetti, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:The anticaries effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoride-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on Plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F availability in fluid of subsequently formed Plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans Test Plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate (“Plaque fluid”) was measured before a cariogenic challenge. “Plaque fluid” F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to Plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.
A.a. Del Bel Cury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanism of Fluoride Dentifrice Effect on Enamel Demineralization
Caries Research, 2009Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, C. B. Zamataro, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Although the anticaries effect of fluoride (F) dentifrices is clearly established, the relative importance of F taken up by dental Plaque not removed by brushing and of F products (CaF2-like) formed on totally cleaned enamel for the subsequent inhibition of demineralization is not known. Both effects were evaluated using conventional (1,100 μg F/g) and low-F concentration (500 μg F/g) dentifrices in a randomized, crossover, double-blind in situ study. Enamel blocks not treated or pretreated with the dentifrices to form CaF2-like deposits were mounted in palatal appliances in contact with a Streptococcus mutans Test Plaque. Volunteers brushed with non-F (negative control), low-F or conventional dentifrices and inserted the appliance in the mouth. F concentration in the fluid and solid phases of the Test Plaque was determined after 30 min, and a rinse with 20% sucrose solution was performed. After additional 45 min, Plaque was collected and the loss of surface hardness at different Test-Plaque depths was measured. CaF2-like deposition on enamel and F taken up by Plaque due to the use of F dentifrices were able to significantly increase F concentration in the fluid phase of the Test Plaque, but only the latter significantly reduced the loss of hardness because of the 20–30 times higher F concentration. Also, significant differences between the low-F and conventional dentifrices were observed for F on enamel, in Plaque and on the subsequent loss of hardness. The results suggest that uptake of F by dental Plaque not removed by brushing may be the main cause of the anticaries effect of F dentifrices.
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fluoride release from caf2 and enamel demineralization
Journal of Dental Research, 2008Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, R V Cerezetti, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:The anticaries effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoride-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on Plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F availability in fluid of subsequently formed Plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans Test Plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate (“Plaque fluid”) was measured before a cariogenic challenge. “Plaque fluid” F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to Plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanism of Fluoride Dentifrice Effect on Enamel Demineralization
Caries Research, 2009Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, C. B. Zamataro, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:Although the anticaries effect of fluoride (F) dentifrices is clearly established, the relative importance of F taken up by dental Plaque not removed by brushing and of F products (CaF2-like) formed on totally cleaned enamel for the subsequent inhibition of demineralization is not known. Both effects were evaluated using conventional (1,100 μg F/g) and low-F concentration (500 μg F/g) dentifrices in a randomized, crossover, double-blind in situ study. Enamel blocks not treated or pretreated with the dentifrices to form CaF2-like deposits were mounted in palatal appliances in contact with a Streptococcus mutans Test Plaque. Volunteers brushed with non-F (negative control), low-F or conventional dentifrices and inserted the appliance in the mouth. F concentration in the fluid and solid phases of the Test Plaque was determined after 30 min, and a rinse with 20% sucrose solution was performed. After additional 45 min, Plaque was collected and the loss of surface hardness at different Test-Plaque depths was measured. CaF2-like deposition on enamel and F taken up by Plaque due to the use of F dentifrices were able to significantly increase F concentration in the fluid phase of the Test Plaque, but only the latter significantly reduced the loss of hardness because of the 20–30 times higher F concentration. Also, significant differences between the low-F and conventional dentifrices were observed for F on enamel, in Plaque and on the subsequent loss of hardness. The results suggest that uptake of F by dental Plaque not removed by brushing may be the main cause of the anticaries effect of F dentifrices.
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fluoride release from caf2 and enamel demineralization
Journal of Dental Research, 2008Co-Authors: Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta, A.a. Del Bel Cury, Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury, R V Cerezetti, Jaime Aparecido CuryAbstract:The anticaries effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoride-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on Plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F availability in fluid of subsequently formed Plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans Test Plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate (“Plaque fluid”) was measured before a cariogenic challenge. “Plaque fluid” F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = −0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to Plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.
Cury J.a. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect Of Xylitol:sorbitol On Fluoride Enamel Demineralization Reduction In Situ
2015Co-Authors: Goncalves N.c.l.a.v., Del Bel Cury A.a., Simoes G.s., Hara A.t., Rosalen P.l., Cury J.a.Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate if sugar alcohols would reduce enamel demineralization enhancing the fluoride (F) effect. Methods: A crossover in situ study was conducted in four phases, during which 10 volunteers were submitted to one of the treatments: (I) Distilled and deionized water, as a negative control; (II) F (226 μg F/ml as NaF; concentration used in commercial mouthrinse); (III) X:S (xylitol:sorbitol 1:3; final concentration 1.6 M; 28% of sugar alcohols) and (IV) F + X:S (same final concentration that groups II and III). The volunteers wore palatal appliances containing four bovine enamel blocks of known surface microhardness (SMH), covered with a 'Test Plaque' of mutans streptococci, which were immersed during 1 min in one of the allocated treatment solutions simultaneously that the volunteers rinsed their mouths with the same solution. After the rinsing the appliances were put in the mouth and after 20 min a cariogenic challenge was made with 20% sucrose solution during 1 min. After further 45 min the 'Test Plaque' was collected for F analysis, enamel SMH was again determined and the percentage of change in relation to baseline was calculated; F uptake in enamel was also determined. Results: With respect to all the analyses made, the group F + X:S did not differ from the F treatment (p > 0.05) and the groups treated with F and F + X:S differed from the negative control (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that xylitol:sorbitol may not enhance the effect of fluoride present in mouth rinse on the reduction of enamel demineralization. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.349662667Dawes, C., Ten Cate, J.M., International symposium on fluorides: mechanisms of action and recommendation for use (1990) Journal of Dental Research, p. 69Trahan, L., Xylitol: a review of its action on mutans streptococci and dental Plaque - its clinical significance (1995) International Dental Journal, 45, pp. 77-92Trahan, L., Bareil, M., Gauthier, L., Vadeboncoeur, C., Transport and phosphorylation of xylitol by a fructose phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans (1985) Caries Research, 19, pp. 53-63Assev, S., Rölla, G., Sorbitol increases the growth inhibition of xylitol on Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176 (1986) Acta Pathology Microbiology Immunology Scandinavian B, 94, pp. 231-237Söderling, E., Pihlanto-Leppälä, A., Uptake and expulsion of 14C-xylitol by xylitol-cultured Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in vivo (1989) Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 97, pp. 511-519Sintes, J.L., Elias-Boneta, A., Stewart, B., Volpe, A.R., Lovett, J., Anticaries efficacy of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice containing xylitol in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base. A 30-month caries clinical study in Costa Rica (2002) American Journal of Dent, 15, pp. 215-219Scheie, A.A., Assev, S., Rölla, G., Combined effect of xylitol. NaF anc ZnCl2 on growth and metabolism of Streptococcus sobrinus OMZ 176 (1988) Acta Pathology Microbiology Immunology Scandinavian, 96, pp. 761-767Rogers, A.H., Bert, A.G., Effect of xylitol and fluoride on the response to glucose pulses of Streptococcus mutans T8 growing in continuous culture (1992) Oral Microbiology and Immunology, 7, pp. 124-126Maehara, H., Iwami, Y., Mayanagi, H., Takahashi, N., Synergistc inhibition by combination of fluoride and xylitol on glycolysis by mutans streptococci and its biochemical mechanism (2005) Caries Research, 39, pp. 520-521Amaechi, B.T., Higham, S.M., Edgar, W.M., Caries inhibiting and remineralizing effect of xylitol in vitro (1999) Journal of Oral Sciences, 41, pp. 71-77van Loveren, C., Sugars alcohols: what is the evidence for caries-preventive effect and caries therapheutic effects? (2004) Caries Research, 38, pp. 286-293Zero, D.T., Fu, J., Anne, K.M., Cassata, S., McCormack, S.M., Gwinner, L.M., An improved intra-oral enamel demineralization Test model for the study of dental caries (1992) Journal of Dental Research, 71, pp. 871-878Cury, J.A., Francisco, S.B., Simões, G.S.N., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Effect of a calcium carbonate-based dentifrice on enamel demineralization in situ (2003) Caries Research, 37, pp. 194-199Cury, J.A., Simões, G.S.N., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Gonçalves, N.C., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Effect of a calcium carbonate-based dentifrice on in situ enamel remineralisation (2005) Caries Research, 39, pp. 258-260Tenuta, L.M.A., Ribeiro, C.C.C., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Gonçalves, N.C., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Cury, J.A., The short-term in situ model to evaluate the anticariogenic potential of ionomeric materials (2005) Journal of Dentistry, 33, pp. 491-497Gonçalves, N.C.L.A.V., Rosalen, P.L., Cury, J.A., Effect of fluoride and xylitol on the growth and acid production by Streptococcus mutans (2002) Journal of Dental Research, 81, pp. A-350. , Spec Iss, Abst 2798Zero, D.T., Rahbeck, I., Fu, J., Proskin, H.M., Featherstone, J.D.B., Comparison of the iodide permeability Test, the surface microhardness Test and mineral dissolution of bovine enamel following acid challenge (1990) Caries Research, 24, pp. 181-188Zero, D.T., In situ caries models (1995) Advances in Dental Research, 9, pp. 214-234Cury, J.A., Rebelo, M.A.B., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Derbyshire, M.T.V.C., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Biochemical composition and cariogenicity of dental Plaque formed in the presence of sucrose or glucose and fructose (2000) Caries Research, 34, pp. 491-497Bradshaw, D.J., Marsh, P.D., Hodgson, R.J., Visser, J.M., Effects of glucose and fluoride on competition and metabolism within in vitro dental bacterial communities and biofilms (2002) Caries Research, 36, pp. 81-86Larsen, M.J., Chemical events during tooth dissolution (1990) Journal of Dental Research, 69, pp. 575-580. , Spec IssMarinho, V.C., Higgins, J.P., Logan, S., Sheiham, A., Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (2003) Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 3, pp. CD002284Trahan, L., Niron, S., Bareil, M., Intracelullar xylitol-phosphate hydrolysis and efflux of xylitol in Streptococcus sobrinus (1991) Oral Microbiology and Immunology, 6, pp. 41-50Wennerholm, K., Arends, J., Birkhed, D., Ruben, J., Emilson, C.G., Dijkiman, A.G., Effect of xylitol and sorbitol in chewing gums on mutans streptococciPlaque pH and mineral loss of enamel (1994) Caries Research, 28, pp. 48-54Lingstrom, P., Lundgren, F., Birkhed, D., Takazoe, I., Frostell, G., Effects of frequent mouthrinses with palatinose and xylitol on dental Plaque (1997) European of Journal Oral Science, 105, pp. 162-169Giertsen, E., Emberland, H., Scheie, A.A., Effects of mouth rinses with xylitol and fluoride on dental Plaque and saliva (1999) Caries Research, 33, pp. 23-31Söderling, E., Alaräiasänen, Scheinin, A., Mäkinen, K.K., Effect of xylitol and sorbitol on polysaccharide production by and adhesive properties of Streptococcus mutans (1987) Caries Research, 21, pp. 109-116Söderling, E., Mäkinen, K.K., Chen, C.Y., Pape Jr., H.R., Loesche, W., Mäkinen, P.L., Effect of sorbitol, xylitol, and xylitol/sorbitol chewing gums on dental Plaque (1989) Caries Research, 23, pp. 378-384Makinen, K.K., Benett, C.A., Hujoel, P.P., Isokangas, P.J., Isotupa, K.P., Rape, H.R., Xylitol chewing gums and caries rate: a 40-month cohort study (1995) Journal of Dental Research, 74, pp. 1904-191
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Fluoride Release From Caf2 And Enamel Demineralization
'SAGE Publications', 2015Co-Authors: Tenuta L.m.a., Del Bel Cury A.a., Cerezetti R.v., Tabchoury C.p.m., Cury J.a.Abstract:The anticarics effect of professional fluoride (F) application has been attributed to calcium-fluoridee-like deposits (CaF2) formed on enamel, but this has not been clearly demonstrated. We hypothesized that CaF2 formed on Plaque-free enamel by F application would reduce enamel demineralization due to the increase of F aYailabiiity in fluid of subsequently formed Plaque. We created distinct levels of CaF2 on enamel to evaluate a dose-response effect. Enamel blocks were mounted in contact with a S. mutans Test Plaque and used in situ by 10 volunteers. F released to the fluid phase of this substrate ("Plaque fluid") was measured before a cariogenie challenge. "Plaque fluid" F concentration was highly correlated to the enamel CaF2 concentration (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and to consequent enamel demineralization (r = -0.75, p < 0.001). The results suggest that F released to Plaque fluid from CaF2 formed on enamel may play a significant role in the anticaries effect of professionally applied F agents.871110321036Box, G.E.P., Hunter, W.G., Hunter, J.S., (1978) Statistics for experimenters, , New York: John Wiley & Sons IncBradshaw, D.J., Marsh, P.D., Hodgson, R.J., Visser, J.M., Effects of glucose and fluoride on competition and metabolism within in vitro dental bacterial communities and biofilms (2002) Caries Res, 36, pp. 81-86Caslavska, V., Moreno, E.C., Brudevold, F., Determination of the calcium fluoride formed from in vitro exposure of human enamel to fluoride solutions (1975) Arch Oral Biol, 20, pp. 333-339Cury, J.A., Francisco, S.B., Sirnões, G.S., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Effect of a calcium carbonate-based dentifrice on enamel demineralization in situ (2003) Caries Res, 37, pp. 194-199Dijkman, A.G., de Boer, P., Arends, J., In vivo investigation on the fluoride content in and on human enamel after topical applications (1983) Caries Res, 17, pp. 392-402Fiske, C.H., Subbarow, Y., The colorimetric determination of phosphorus (1925) J Biol Ckem, 66, pp. 375-400Larsen, M.J., Richards, A., The influence of saliva on the formation of calcium fluoride-like material on human dental enamel (2001) Caries Res, 35, pp. 57-60Marinho VCC, Higgins JPT, Logan S, Sheiham A (2007). Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 3. Oxford: (Update Software) John Wiley & SonsMcCann, H.G., The solubility of fluorapalile and its relationship to that of calcium fluoride (1968) Arch Oral Biol, 13, pp. 987-1001Ögaard, B., CaF2 formation: Cariostatie properties and factors nhancing the effect (2001) Caries Res, 35 (SUPPL. L), pp. 40-44Ögaard, B., Rölla, G., Ruben, J., Arends, J., Relative cariostatie effects of KOH-soluble and KOH-insoluble fluoride in situ (1990) J Dent Res, 69, pp. 1505-1507Paes Leme, A.F., Dalcico, R., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Rosalen, P.L., Cury, J.A., In situ effect of frequent sucrose exposure on enamel dcmineralization and on Plaque composition ater APF application and F dentifrice use (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 71-75Rölla, G., Ögaard, B., Studies on the solubility of calcium fluoride in human saliva (1986) Factors relating to demineralisation and remineralisalion of the teeth, pp. 45-50. , Leach SA, editor. Oxford: IRL Press, ppTakagi, S., Liao, H., Chow, L.C., Effect of tooth-bound fluoride on enamel demineralization/remineralization in vitro (2000) Caries Res, 34, pp. 281-288ten Gate, J.M., Review on fluoride, with special emphasis on calcium fluoride mechanisms in caries prevention (1997) Eur J Oral Sci, 105 (5 PART 2), pp. 461-465ten Cate, J.M., Duijsters, P.P.E., Alternating demineralization and remineralizalion of artificial enamel lesions (1982) Caries Res, 16, pp. 201-210Tenuta, L.M.A., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Bortolin, M.C., Vogel, G.L., Cury, J.A., Ca, P., and F in the fluid of biofilm formed under sucrose (2006) J Dent Res, 85, pp. 834-838Vogel, G.L., Chow, L.C., Brown, W.E., A microanalytical procedure for the determination of calcium, phosphate and fluoride in enamel biopsy-samples (1983) Caries Res, 17, pp. 23-31Vogel, G.L., Mao, Y., Carey, C.M., Chow, L.C., Increased overnight fluoride concentrations in saliva, Plaque, and Plaque fluid after a novel two-solution rinse (1997) J Dent Res, 76, pp. 761-767Zero, D.T., In situ caries models (1995) Adv Dent Res, 9, pp. 214-230Zero, D.T., Rahbek, I., Fu, J., Proskin, H.M., Featherstone, J.D.B., Comparison of the iodide permeability Test, the surface mierohardness Test, and mineral dissolution of bovine enamel following acid challenge (1990) Caries Res, 24, pp. 181-188Zero, D.T., Fu, J., Anne, K.M., Cassata, S., McCormack, S.M., Gwinner, L.M., An improved intra-oral enamel demineralization Test model for the study of dental caries (1992) J Dent Res 71, pp. 871-878. , Spec Is