The Experts below are selected from a list of 35349 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Janis Gonzalezmartinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20-23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20–23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great. Am. J. Primatol. 68:725–731, 2006.© 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Masakazu Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a mechanism of the thearubigin fraction of black tea camellia sinensis extract protecting against the effect of Tetanus toxin
Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Eiki Satoh, Sinichi Sawamura, Toshiaki Ishii, Yoshio Shimizu, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of black tea extract's thearubigin fraction against the action of Tetanus toxin. The effects of thearubigin fraction extracted from a black tea infusion were examined for neuromuscular blocking action on Tetanus toxin in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations and on the binding of this toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparations of rat cerebral cortices. The interaction between Tetanus toxin and thearubigin fraction was also investigated. Tetanus toxin (4 μg/ml) abolished indirect twitches in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations within 150 min. Thearubigin fraction mixed with Tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing iodinated toxin with thearubigin fraction inhibited the specific binding of [ 1 2 5 I]Tetanus toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparation. The effects of thearubigin fraction were dose-dependent. The elution profile of [ 1 2 5 ]Tetanus toxin on Sephadex G-50 column chromatography was different from that of toxin mixed with thearubigin fraction. These findings indicate that thearubigin fraction protects against the action of Tetanus toxin by binding with the toxin.
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black tea extract thearubigin fraction counteracts the effect of Tetanus toxin in mice
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eiki Satoh, Sinichi Sawamura, Toshiaki Ishii, Yoshio Shimizu, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:The aim of this study was to find an inactivating substance for Tetanus toxin in natural foodstuff. Tetanus toxin (4 μg/ml) abolished indirect twitches in in vitro mouse phrenic nervediaphragm preparations within 2.5 hr. Hot water infusion of black tea mixed with Tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing the toxin with thearubigin fraction extracted from black tea infusion produced an identical result. Furthermore, thearubigin fraction mixed with the toxin protected against the in vivo paralytic effect of the toxin. Thearubigin fraction had no protective effect on other toxins, such as tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. The specific binding of [125I]Tetanus toxin to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes was inhibited by mixing iodinated toxin with thearubigin fraction. These results imply that thearubigin fraction counteracts the effect of Tetanus toxin by binding with toxin, and also suggest that this fraction may be able to apply for prophylaxis of Tetanus.
Matthew J Kessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20-23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20–23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great. Am. J. Primatol. 68:725–731, 2006.© 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Eiki Satoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a mechanism of the thearubigin fraction of black tea camellia sinensis extract protecting against the effect of Tetanus toxin
Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Eiki Satoh, Sinichi Sawamura, Toshiaki Ishii, Yoshio Shimizu, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of the protective effect of black tea extract's thearubigin fraction against the action of Tetanus toxin. The effects of thearubigin fraction extracted from a black tea infusion were examined for neuromuscular blocking action on Tetanus toxin in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations and on the binding of this toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparations of rat cerebral cortices. The interaction between Tetanus toxin and thearubigin fraction was also investigated. Tetanus toxin (4 μg/ml) abolished indirect twitches in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations within 150 min. Thearubigin fraction mixed with Tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing iodinated toxin with thearubigin fraction inhibited the specific binding of [ 1 2 5 I]Tetanus toxin to the synaptosomal membrane preparation. The effects of thearubigin fraction were dose-dependent. The elution profile of [ 1 2 5 ]Tetanus toxin on Sephadex G-50 column chromatography was different from that of toxin mixed with thearubigin fraction. These findings indicate that thearubigin fraction protects against the action of Tetanus toxin by binding with the toxin.
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black tea extract thearubigin fraction counteracts the effect of Tetanus toxin in mice
Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Eiki Satoh, Sinichi Sawamura, Toshiaki Ishii, Yoshio Shimizu, Masakazu NishimuraAbstract:The aim of this study was to find an inactivating substance for Tetanus toxin in natural foodstuff. Tetanus toxin (4 μg/ml) abolished indirect twitches in in vitro mouse phrenic nervediaphragm preparations within 2.5 hr. Hot water infusion of black tea mixed with Tetanus toxin blocked the inhibitory effect of the toxin. Mixing the toxin with thearubigin fraction extracted from black tea infusion produced an identical result. Furthermore, thearubigin fraction mixed with the toxin protected against the in vivo paralytic effect of the toxin. Thearubigin fraction had no protective effect on other toxins, such as tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. The specific binding of [125I]Tetanus toxin to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes was inhibited by mixing iodinated toxin with thearubigin fraction. These results imply that thearubigin fraction counteracts the effect of Tetanus toxin by binding with toxin, and also suggest that this fraction may be able to apply for prophylaxis of Tetanus.
Melissa S Gerald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20-23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great.
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Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical Tetanus infections in free ranging rhesus monkeys macaca mulatta
American Journal of Primatology, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew J Kessler, John D Berard, Melissa S Gerald, Mark L. Laudenslager, Richard G. Rawlins, Fred B. Bercovitch, Janis GonzalezmartinezAbstract:Prior to 1985 Tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago, accounting for almost a quarter of annual deaths. In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster doses, respectively, of Tetanus toxoid. In subsequent years primary immunizations were given to all yearlings, and boosters were administered to all 2-year-old animals during the annual capture of the colony. The main objectives of the Tetanus immunization program were to reduce the pain and suffering caused by Tetanus infections and to decrease mortality in the colony. Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-dose Tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against Tetanus infections. The immediate effect of the mass immunization program was the elimination of clinical Tetanus infections in the population and a 42.2% reduction in the overall mortality rate. Since the immunization program began, no cases of Tetanus have been observed in the colony, except in two unimmunized infants, and it has not been necessary to give tertiary injections of Tetanus toxoid to maintain protection against infection. A sample collected in 2004 of the original cohort of monkeys immunized in 1985 and 1986 showed that 93.3% (14/15) had protective Tetanus antibody titers (>0.01 IU/ml) at the ages of 20–23 years, which is close to the life expectancy of the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Two intramuscular doses of Tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against Tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where Tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great. Am. J. Primatol. 68:725–731, 2006.© 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
