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Michael Hess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection and quantification of histomonas meleagridis by real time pcr targeting single copy genes
Veterinary Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Imtiaz Hussain, Michael Hess, Barbara Jaskulska, Ivana BilicAbstract:Histomonas meleagridis, a protozoan parasite that can infect gallinaceous birds, affects mainly the liver and caeca of infected birds. As a consequence of the recent ban of chemotherapeuticals in Europe and the USA, histomonosis gained somewhat more attention due to its re-emergence and the fact that there is no effective treatment available. Therefore, special attention is now also given towards the diagnosis and the control of the disease. In the actual study we report the development of highly specific and sensitive real-time PCR methods for detection and quantification of the parasite, based on two protein coding genes, Fe-hydrogenase (FeHYD) and rpb1. Both genes seem to be in a single copy in H. meleagridis as shown by southern blotting and absolute quantification using real-time PCRs on samples containing a known amount of the parasite. The real-time PCR assays based on FeHYD and rpb1 genes were found to be an efficient method for the quantification and detection of H. meleagridis in in vitro grown cultures, tissues of infected birds and in faecal samples. Both real-time PCRs were able to detect up to a single cell in in vitro cultures of H. meleagridis and in fecal samples spiked with H. meleagridis. Finally, qPCR assays were shown to be highly specific for H. meleagridis as samples containing either of the two H. meleagridis genotypes were positive, whereas samples containing other protozoa such as Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, Trichomonas gallinae, Simplicimonas sp., Tritrichomonas sp., Parahistomonas wenrichi, Dientamoebidae sp. and Blastocystis sp. were all negative.
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aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphology noticed during an outbreak of histomonosis indicates a different pathogenesis of histomonas meleagridis genotype 2
Avian Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Beatrice Grafl, Dieter Liebhart, Ivana Bilic, Heinrich Weise, Johann Le Bris, Michael HessAbstract:The present case report describes a remarkable feature of Histomonas meleagridis characterized by aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphologic lesions, which were mainly confined to the ceca, noticed during a field outbreak of histomonosis. In a flock of meat turkey toms, sudden death was noticed at the end of week 5 in the absence of specific clinical signs. Instead of the well-known sulfur-colored feces, some caseous cores were found in the litter. Mortality up to 17% per week was noticed in the first 2 wk of observation, after which it declined to approximately 1% per week. In the 10th week of life roughly 31% of the birds had died before the remaining birds were killed to preclude further economic losses due to insufficient growth or continuing mortality. Necropsy of affected birds on the farm and during a more detailed investigation of 15 birds prior to the killing of the flock revealed severe lesions in the ceca characterized by thickened cecal walls filled with necrotic and caseous material. Additionally, some ruptured and necrotic ceca were noticed together with localized peritonitis. Despite such severe typhlitis, only one of the sectioned birds showed pathomorphologic changes in the liver. Test tube flotation from collected fecal samples revealed only sporadic occurrence of coccidial oocysts and no nematodes. However, the presence of H. meleagridis was confirmed by PCR and/or immunohistochemistry, with specific antibodies against the parasite in a majority of the investigated ceca and in four liver samples. Remarkably, genetic characterization revealed H. meleagridis genotype 2, about which no detailed investigations have been reported so far. Although PCR detected a concurrent presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, an involvement in the lesions could be excluded based upon histologic investigations. Finally, infection with Escherichia coli and Gallibacterium anatis was demonstrated by bacteriologic smears of internal organs, most likely a secondary infection. Altogether, the results demonstrate an aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphology in turkeys suffering from histomonosis. Pathomorphologic changes were characterized by severe inflammation of the ceca with minimal liver involvement, indicating a different pathogenesis of H. meleagridis genotype 2.
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a single strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum causes fatal typhlohepatitis in red legged partridges alectoris rufa to be distinguished from histomonosis
Avian Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Dieter Liebhart, S Neale, Cristina Garciarueda, A M Wood, Ivana Bilic, Patricia Wernsdorf, Barbara Jaskulska, Michael HessAbstract:Typhlohepatitis was observed in a flock of 2500 red-legged partridges in Great Britain, characterized by the sudden deaths of 15 birds within 2 days. Necropsy of five dead birds revealed severe lesions in the caeca with thickened caecal walls, a reddened lining and bloody contents. The livers contained multiple miliary lesions and similar pathological changes were found in the spleens of some birds. Microscopic examination of intestinal contents showed the occurrence of coccidial oocysts in two partridges. Different methods for the detection of bacteria from liver and intestine samples were conducted without positive results. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of protozoan parasites in the caecum, liver and spleen of the affected birds. In situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of trichomonads resulted in positive findings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the lesions. Additionally, archived tissues of red-legged partridges fr...
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a single strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum causes fatal typhlohepatitis in red legged partridges alectoris rufa to be distinguished from histomonosis
Avian Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Dieter Liebhart, S Neale, Cristina Garciarueda, Ivana Bilic, Patricia Wernsdorf, Barbara Jaskulska, Alisdair Wood, Michael HessAbstract:Typhlohepatitis was observed in a flock of 2500 red-legged partridges in Great Britain, characterized by the sudden deaths of 15 birds within 2 days. Necropsy of five dead birds revealed severe lesions in the caeca with thickened caecal walls, a reddened lining and bloody contents. The livers contained multiple miliary lesions and similar pathological changes were found in the spleens of some birds. Microscopic examination of intestinal contents showed the occurrence of coccidial oocysts in two partridges. Different methods for the detection of bacteria from liver and intestine samples were conducted without positive results. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of protozoan parasites in the caecum, liver and spleen of the affected birds. In situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of trichomonads resulted in positive findings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the lesions. Additionally, archived tissues of red-legged partridges from different flocks suffering from severe typhlohepatitis in Great Britain in 2008 and 2009 were re-investigated by ISH and PCR. Beside the sporadic occurrence of histomonosis, in most of the cases trichomonads were detected by ISH in the caecum and liver of affected birds. Furthermore, dissemination of the flagellate into the lung and bursa of Fabricius could be demonstrated. Analyses of T. gallinarum DNA obtained from the different cases resulted in homologous nucleotide sequences. Altogether, the results demonstrate the circulation of a virulent strain of T. gallinarum in reared red-legged partridges.
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Trichomonas gallinae, in comparison to Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, induces distinctive cytopathogenic effects in tissue cultures.
Veterinary parasitology, 2011Co-Authors: Aziza Amin, Ivana Bilic, Evelyn Berger, Michael HessAbstract:In the present study the interaction of three genetically different clonal cultures of Trichomonas gallinae and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum with a permanent chicken liver (LMH) and a permanent quail fibroblast (QT35) cell culture was studied. Proliferation of T. gallinae cells was associated with a disintegration of the cell monolayer. The initial lesions on the LMH monolayer consisted of a progressive accumulation of the flagellate, forming clumps attached to the monolayer. A prolonged incubation time was characterized by appearance of holes in the cell monolayer with accumulation of trichomonads at their periphery. According to the severeness of the monolayer disruption differences among three tested T. gallinae clones were noticed. Furthermore, filtrates obtained either from axenic cultures of T. gallinae or from infected cell cultures produced a cytopathogenic effect similar to the protozoal cells, on both types of cell cultures. However, the destructive effect of the flagellates and their cell-free filtrates was much more pronounced on the LMH monolayer in comparison with the QT35 cells. Furthermore, freshly seeded LMH and QT35 cells suspended in cell-free filtrates of T. gallinae were unable to form a confluent monolayer. In comparison to T. gallinae, clonal cultures of T. gallinarum or their cell-free filtrates produced no effect on both types of monolayers. Interestingly, the cell-free filtrates obtained from both trichomonad species had an effect on the viability of both cell cultures. However, the cytotoxic effect of T. gallinarum filtrates was less severe than that recorded by T. gallinae. Consequently, for the first time a destruction of specified monolayers induced by T. gallinae-free filtrates could be demonstrated.
Elvira Grabensteiner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Axenization and optimization of in vitro growth of clonal cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae.
Experimental parasitology, 2009Co-Authors: Aziza Amin, Dieter Liebhart, Elvira Grabensteiner, C. Neubauer, Michael HessAbstract:A rapid and simple procedure was established to obtain clonal axenic cultures of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Trichomonas gallinae and to optimize their in vitro growth conditions. Medium 199 was used for axenization of two genetically different clones of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae. Six different media were used to optimize the growth behaviour of axenically grown parasites: Medium 199, TYM, TYI-S-33, Hollander fluid (HF), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and modified TV media. The highest cell yields for both axenic clones of T. gallinarum were obtained in modified TV medium without antibiotics. The maximum numbers of trophozoites of T. gallinae were obtained in an optimized HF medium. This study demonstrated that axenic cultures for T. gallinarum and T. gallinae could be obtained avoiding the migration technique through a V-tube. Following axenization and optimization, both clones of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae could be propagated both aerobically and anaerobically.
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Antiprotozoal activities determined in vitro and in vivo of certain plant extracts against Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis sp.
Parasitology Research, 2008Co-Authors: Elvira Grabensteiner, Dieter Liebhart, Najma Arshad, Michael HessAbstract:A total of 43 plant substances provided as raw material and different kinds of extracts (aqueous, ethanol, and heptane) from 18 different organic wastes obtained from the food/feed industry were investigated for their in vitro activities against clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis , Tetratrichomonas gallinarum , and Blastocystis sp. Ethanolic extracts of thyme, saw palmetto, grape seed, and pumpkin fruit proved to be most efficacious. Thus, these extracts were further tested in vivo in turkeys experimentally infected with H. meleagridis by administrating the substances to the birds through the drinking water. Even though a delayed mortality was noticed in some birds medicated with the extracts of thyme, grape seed, and pumpkin fruit, all birds died or had to be euthanized the latest within 5 weeks post infection—with the exception of one bird which was probably never infected with histomonads—due to a severe typhlohepatitis indicative for histomonosis. In addition, none of the substances were able to prevent the spreading of H. meleagridis from infected to in-contact birds. Thus, these studies clearly demonstrate that in vitro studies are of limited value to assess the efficacy of plant substances against histomonosis.
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Differences in the in vitro susceptibility of mono-eukaryotic cultures of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis sp. to natural organic compounds
Parasitology Research, 2007Co-Authors: Elvira Grabensteiner, Najma Arshad, Michael HessAbstract:Currently, all pharmaceuticals for the treatment or prophylaxis of blackhead disease (histomonosis) caused by the flagellate Histomonas meleagridis are banned from the market. Consequently, great interest exists on the finding of alternative drugs for the abatement of histomonosis. In this study, carvacrol, Cassia oil, an essential oil (EO) mixture containing thyme and rosemary EO and a Quillaja saponaria saponin were examined using in vitro assays for antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity testing established against cloned xenic cultures of different isolates of Histomonas meleagridis , Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Blastocystis sp. Whereas similar minimal lethal concentrations (MLCs) of five Histomonas isolates were obtained for both carvacrol and the EO mixture as well as for the saponin, significantly different MLCs were observed for them with Cassia oil , ranging from 0.25 up to 0.50 μl/ml. Testing the Blastocystis isolates, different MLCs were obtained for all substances, whereas the Tetratrichomonas gallinarum isolates showed identical susceptibilities. The effects are independent of the bacteria, underlining the need of well-defined protozoan cultures for these investigations.
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pcr for the identification and differentiation of histomonas meleagridis Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and blastocystis spp
Veterinary Parasitology, 2006Co-Authors: Elvira Grabensteiner, Michael HessAbstract:In the present investigation PCR assays were developed for the rapid detection and differentiation of two poultry flagellates: Histomonas meleagridis and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum as well as the protozoan microorganism: Blastocystis spp. The nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNAs were used for primer construction obtaining fragments which vary in size for each microorganism. The established PCRs were able to detect DNA obtained from one microorganism of T. gallinarum and Blastocystis spp. propagated in vitro, proving the high analytical sensitivity of the method. DNA isolated from 10 protozoa was sufficient to detect H. meleagridis. To assess specificity, each PCR assay was performed with DNA from either H. meleagridis and/or T. gallinarum and/or Blastocystis spp. as well as with DNA from several other protozoan parasites (Eimeria tenella, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidia spp., Trichomonas gallinae, Entamoeba invadens, Entamoeba ranarum), fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans), bacteria (Staphylococcae, Streptococcae, E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Camplyobacter jejuni, Proteus) and viruses (fowl adenovirus serotype 4, avian reovirus) as well as livers and caecal samples from turkeys and specified pathogen free (spf) chickens. No cross-reactions with any of these samples were observed with the primer sets for the detection of H. meleagridis and Blastocystis spp. The primers designed for the identification of T. gallinarum yielded a PCR product with DNA of Trichomonas gallinae that had the identical size as the amplicon obtained with DNA from T. gallinarum. However, no PCR products resulted from any of the other samples tested with these primers. Liver and caecal samples from turkeys and chickens from flocks with outbreaks of histomonosis also named as "histomoniasis" originating from geographically distinct regions were investigated with the established PCRs. This is also the first report about the detection of the nucleic acid of H. meleagridis, T. gallinarum and Blastocystis spp. nucleic acid in the livers and/or caeca of laying hens and turkeys obtained from field outbreaks. Hence, the established PCR assays proved to be a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool for the direct detection and differentiation of H. meleagridis, T. gallinarum and Blastocystis spp. nucleic acid in organ samples of infected turkeys and chickens regardless of the geographic origin.
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Clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and a Blastocystis sp. established through micromanipulation.
Parasitology, 2006Co-Authors: Michael Hess, Elvira Grabensteiner, Thomas Kolbe, H. ProslAbstract:Clonal cultures of Histomonas meleagridis, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and a Blastocystis sp. were established for the first time. Single microbes were successfully isolated from a mixture of micro-organisms obtained from caecal contents of turkeys, using a micromanipulation approach. The cloned parasites were propagated in vitro and maintained through continuous passages multiplying to high numbers. Identification of the protists was done by morphological investigation identifying various forms of each parasite. PCR and partial sequencing of the small subunit rRNA were used to confirm clonality and to determine the relationship of the cloned parasites with known protozoan parasites. The clonal cultures established by this technique will be useful to gain more insight into the biological repertoire of the organisms. In addition, refined infection experiments in different poultry species can now be performed to elucidate the pathological pathways of the respective protozoa.
Dieter Liebhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the prevalence of Tetratrichomonas spp in reproductive geese flocks
Avian Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Piotr Falkowski, Dieter Liebhart, Kamila Bobrek, Andrzej GawelAbstract:Tetratrichomonas is a genus of parasites that usually inhabits the lower digestive tract, especially the cecum, of various bird species. The infection might lead to birds' death, but in many cases it could be asymptomatic or with mild clinical signs which might be not observed. Subclinical infections can be undiagnosed, leading to production losses. To investigate the prevalence of Tetratrichomonas spp. in geese, 23 cloacal swabs were taken from each of 43 flocks of reproductive geese from five major geese production provinces in Poland after first, second, or third laying season. The obtained swabs were placed in culture medium for propagation of the parasite. All cultures were screened microscopically before PCR was applied to detect the parasites' DNA. After cultivation, the presence of genetic material of Tetratrichomonas was found in 430 out of 989 samples, which correspond to 38 (88.4%) of 43 flocks. The study shows how the number of laying seasons and the size of the flock in which the birds were kept affects the distribution of protozoa of the genus Tetratrichomonas in geese reproductive flocks in Poland.
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aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphology noticed during an outbreak of histomonosis indicates a different pathogenesis of histomonas meleagridis genotype 2
Avian Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Beatrice Grafl, Dieter Liebhart, Ivana Bilic, Heinrich Weise, Johann Le Bris, Michael HessAbstract:The present case report describes a remarkable feature of Histomonas meleagridis characterized by aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphologic lesions, which were mainly confined to the ceca, noticed during a field outbreak of histomonosis. In a flock of meat turkey toms, sudden death was noticed at the end of week 5 in the absence of specific clinical signs. Instead of the well-known sulfur-colored feces, some caseous cores were found in the litter. Mortality up to 17% per week was noticed in the first 2 wk of observation, after which it declined to approximately 1% per week. In the 10th week of life roughly 31% of the birds had died before the remaining birds were killed to preclude further economic losses due to insufficient growth or continuing mortality. Necropsy of affected birds on the farm and during a more detailed investigation of 15 birds prior to the killing of the flock revealed severe lesions in the ceca characterized by thickened cecal walls filled with necrotic and caseous material. Additionally, some ruptured and necrotic ceca were noticed together with localized peritonitis. Despite such severe typhlitis, only one of the sectioned birds showed pathomorphologic changes in the liver. Test tube flotation from collected fecal samples revealed only sporadic occurrence of coccidial oocysts and no nematodes. However, the presence of H. meleagridis was confirmed by PCR and/or immunohistochemistry, with specific antibodies against the parasite in a majority of the investigated ceca and in four liver samples. Remarkably, genetic characterization revealed H. meleagridis genotype 2, about which no detailed investigations have been reported so far. Although PCR detected a concurrent presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, an involvement in the lesions could be excluded based upon histologic investigations. Finally, infection with Escherichia coli and Gallibacterium anatis was demonstrated by bacteriologic smears of internal organs, most likely a secondary infection. Altogether, the results demonstrate an aberrant clinical appearance and pathomorphology in turkeys suffering from histomonosis. Pathomorphologic changes were characterized by severe inflammation of the ceca with minimal liver involvement, indicating a different pathogenesis of H. meleagridis genotype 2.
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a single strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum causes fatal typhlohepatitis in red legged partridges alectoris rufa to be distinguished from histomonosis
Avian Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Dieter Liebhart, S Neale, Cristina Garciarueda, A M Wood, Ivana Bilic, Patricia Wernsdorf, Barbara Jaskulska, Michael HessAbstract:Typhlohepatitis was observed in a flock of 2500 red-legged partridges in Great Britain, characterized by the sudden deaths of 15 birds within 2 days. Necropsy of five dead birds revealed severe lesions in the caeca with thickened caecal walls, a reddened lining and bloody contents. The livers contained multiple miliary lesions and similar pathological changes were found in the spleens of some birds. Microscopic examination of intestinal contents showed the occurrence of coccidial oocysts in two partridges. Different methods for the detection of bacteria from liver and intestine samples were conducted without positive results. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of protozoan parasites in the caecum, liver and spleen of the affected birds. In situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of trichomonads resulted in positive findings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the lesions. Additionally, archived tissues of red-legged partridges fr...
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a single strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum causes fatal typhlohepatitis in red legged partridges alectoris rufa to be distinguished from histomonosis
Avian Pathology, 2014Co-Authors: Dieter Liebhart, S Neale, Cristina Garciarueda, Ivana Bilic, Patricia Wernsdorf, Barbara Jaskulska, Alisdair Wood, Michael HessAbstract:Typhlohepatitis was observed in a flock of 2500 red-legged partridges in Great Britain, characterized by the sudden deaths of 15 birds within 2 days. Necropsy of five dead birds revealed severe lesions in the caeca with thickened caecal walls, a reddened lining and bloody contents. The livers contained multiple miliary lesions and similar pathological changes were found in the spleens of some birds. Microscopic examination of intestinal contents showed the occurrence of coccidial oocysts in two partridges. Different methods for the detection of bacteria from liver and intestine samples were conducted without positive results. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of protozoan parasites in the caecum, liver and spleen of the affected birds. In situ hybridization (ISH) for the detection of trichomonads resulted in positive findings and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the lesions. Additionally, archived tissues of red-legged partridges from different flocks suffering from severe typhlohepatitis in Great Britain in 2008 and 2009 were re-investigated by ISH and PCR. Beside the sporadic occurrence of histomonosis, in most of the cases trichomonads were detected by ISH in the caecum and liver of affected birds. Furthermore, dissemination of the flagellate into the lung and bursa of Fabricius could be demonstrated. Analyses of T. gallinarum DNA obtained from the different cases resulted in homologous nucleotide sequences. Altogether, the results demonstrate the circulation of a virulent strain of T. gallinarum in reared red-legged partridges.
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experimental infection of turkeys and chickens with a clonal strain of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum induces a latent infection in the absence of clinical signs and lesions
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2011Co-Authors: Aziza Amin, Dieter Liebhart, Herbert Weissenbock, Michael HessAbstract:The pathogenicity of a mono-eukaryotic culture of Tetratrichomonas gallinarum in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens and turkeys was studied. Two experiments of identical design were performed: the first with SPF chickens and the second with commercial turkeys. Each experiment included three groups. Groups 1 and 2 each contained 12 infected and three in-contact birds. The birds in these groups were infected on the first day of life, either cloacally (group 1) or orally (group 2). Group 3 consisted of four control birds. Re-isolation of the parasite from cloacal swabs was performed to verify the excretion of T. gallinarum. The infected birds excreted trichomonads from the second day post-infection. Spread of the flagellate from infected to in-contact birds was detected after 5 days post-infection (dpi), based on the re-isolation of the protozoa. No clinical signs or deaths were recorded in chickens or turkeys. Three birds were killed at 4, 8, 14 and 21dpi and various tissues were collected for pathological examination. No gross lesions were noted. Protozoal DNA was demonstrated in the oesophagus, duodenum, jejunum, caecum, liver, lung, bursa of Fabricius and brain by polymerase chain reaction and in-situ hybridization. No antibodies were detected in the serum of infected birds by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Microscopical changes were only present in the caecum, where there was sloughing of the epithelium associated with the presence of numerous flagellates on the epithelial surface, within the crypts of Lieberkuhn and in the lamina propria. These changes were found in caecal samples from infected and in-contact birds. These studies have demonstrated the rapid transmission of T. gallinarum between both turkeys and chickens and the establishment of a latent infection in both species.
Tiana Tasca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological study of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis isolated from opossum Lutreolina crassicaudata by scanning electron microscopy
Parasitology research, 2007Co-Authors: Tiana Tasca, Geraldo Attilio De CarliAbstract:Tetratrichomonas didelphidis is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine of opossums Didelphis marsupialis, Didelphis albiventris, and Lutreolina crassicaudata. The isolate used in this study was from L. crassicaudata and it was cultivated in monoxenic culture with Escherichia coli in Diamond (TYM) medium without maltose and with starch solution (trypticase–yeast extract–starch), pH 7.5 at 28°C. Scanning electron microscopy showed the fine morphological features of the trophozoites: the emergence of the anterior flagella, the structure of the undulating membrane, the axostyle and posterior flagellum. In addition, we described spherical forms that are probably pseudocysts. Our data will contribute to a better understanding of surface structures in T. didelphidis.
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Electron microscopic study of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis and its interaction with a prokaryotic cell
Parasitology Research, 2004Co-Authors: Tiana Tasca, Geraldo Attilio De CarliAbstract:Tetratrichomonas didelphidis is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine of the opossum. The parasite lives in a hostile and stressed environment, where it interacts with microorganisms and can survive under extreme conditions for growth, involving strict anaerobiosis or equilibration with air and abundance or absence of nutrients. The in vitro cultivation of this protozoan depends upon Escherichia coli as a growth-promoting partner. In this study, we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to observe the phagocytosis of bacteria by the protozoan, confirming the strong association between both cells and the growth dependence of T. didelphidis upon E. coli. After adherence to the protozoan surface, the bacteria induced the appearance of crater-like depressions and the ingested bacteria were intracellularly degraded.
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microtubule cytoskeleton distribution using fluorescent taxoid in Tetratrichomonas didelphidis
Parasitología latinoamericana, 2003Co-Authors: Sheila Bunecker Lecke, Tiana Tasca, Andre Arigony Souto, Fernanda Pires Borges, Renata C M Wiltusching, Geraldo Attilio De CarliAbstract:ABSTRACT Tetratrichomonas didelphidis is a flagellated protozoan found in the intestine of opossums. Thespecimens were stained by the Giemsa method and by FLUTAX-2, an active fluorescent derivative ofTaxol which binds to the αβ -tubulin polimerized of microtubules of cells. Giemsa stain revealed themorphological features of trichomonads such as four anterior flagella, undulating membrane, axostyleand posterior flagellum. An intense fluorescence was observed in living trophozoites of T. didelphidis and Trichomonas vaginalis (used as control), incubated with FLUTAX-2. An analysis of thecomposition of the cytoskeleton of T. didelphidis will contribute to understanding the cellularmorphology of the parasites. Key words: Tetratrichomonas didelphidis , microtubule cytoskeleton, fluorescent taxoid. INTRODUCTIONFew trichomonad species have a provenpathogenic potential for mammals and birds. Ingeneral, the species inhabiting trichomonadprimary sites, i. e., the large intestine, appear tobe non pathogenic. The species with provenpathogenic potential have evolved to inhabit areasother than the large intestine of their hosts
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growth kinetic study of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis isolated from opossum lutreolina crassicaudata and interaction with a prokaryotic cell
Parasitology Research, 2001Co-Authors: Tiana Tasca, Geraldo Attilio DecarliAbstract:Tetratrichomonas didelphidis is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine, cecum and colon of opossums, Didelphis marsupialis. This work reports the occurrence of T. didelphidis in another opossum species, Lutreolina crassicaudata. The strain was cultivated in monoxenic culture with Escherichia coli in Diamond (TYM) medium without maltose and with starch solution (trypticase-yeast extract–starch), pH 7.5 at 28°C. The growth kinetic study of T. didelphidis showed a longer time of growth and a higher number of trophozoites when inoculated with E. coli than in axenic cultures, in aerobiosis as well as under anaerobic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the bacteria adhered throughout the protozoan body and probably evoked endocytic channels, strongly suggesting the existence of endocytosis of rods by T. didelphidis. Our preliminary results suggest that the in vitro culture of T. didelphidis depends on E. coli as a growth-promoting partner, and requires monoxenic cultivation.
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prevalence of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis from the opossum didelphis albiventris in the botanical garden porto alegre rio grande do sul brazil
Parasitología al día, 2001Co-Authors: Tiana Tasca, Luiz Glock, Emilio Antonio Jeckelneto, Cibele Indrusiak, Geraldo Attilio De CarliAbstract:Tetratrichomonas didelphidis (Hegner and Ratcliffe 1927) Andersen and Reilly 1965 is a flagellate protozoan from the intestine, cecum and colon of Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758. The prevalence of T. didelphidis in opossums D. albiventris was studied in the Botanical Garden, Porto Alegre City in the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. T. didelphidis was found in seven of eight cultures of swabbed rectums, representing a prevalence of 87.5% in D. albiventris. In the present investigation it was observed that the T. didelphidis found in the intestine content of D. albiventris had the same morphological characteristics as those previously described by other authors in the D. marsupialis, being probably the same protozoan species in both host species.
R Martinez A Diaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parasites from farmed ostriches struthio camelus and rheas rhea americana in europe
Veterinary Parasitology, 2002Co-Authors: Ponce F Gordo, Susana Herrera, A T Castro, Garcia B Duran, R Martinez A DiazAbstract:Abstract During a 4-year-period, more than 500 ostriches and several rheas, all born in European countries and raised in Spain and Portugal, have been analyzed for the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites. A total of 29 parasite species have been found, most of them of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the helminth species found may represent spureous parasitosis, as only the eggs (of an ascarid and a trematode) were found in some samples. From the organisms identified, the ectoparasites (lice— Struthiolipeurus rheae , S. nandu ; mites— Dermoglyphus pachycnemis , Gabucinia bicaudata ), helminths (cestoda— Houttuynia struthionis- and nematoda— Libyostrongylus sp., Codiostomum struthionis- ) and the ciliate Balantidium struthionis are known as ratite specific parasites. Capillaria eggs and larvae were also found; there are no previous records of this parasite from ostriches, and the data available do not allow to do a temptative specific diagnosis. Among protozoa, most of the species now found are described for the first time in ratites. They include organisms also found in other birds ( Trichomonas gallinae , Tetratrichomonas gallinarum , Chilomastix gallinarum , Spironucleus meleagridis and Pleuromonas jaculans ), and organisms whose specific status cannot be established until further analysis are performed ( Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp. and/or Isospora sp., Entamoeba sp. of the one-nucleate and of the eight-nucleate mature cyst groups, Endolimax sp., Iodamoeba sp., Monocercomonas sp., Retortamonas sp., Giardia sp., Blastocystis sp. and euglenids).
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parasites from farmed ostriches struthio camelus and rheas rhea americana in europe
Veterinary Parasitology, 2002Co-Authors: Ponce F Gordo, Susana Herrera, A T Castro, Garcia B Duran, R Martinez A DiazAbstract:Abstract During a 4-year-period, more than 500 ostriches and several rheas, all born in European countries and raised in Spain and Portugal, have been analyzed for the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites. A total of 29 parasite species have been found, most of them of the gastrointestinal tract. Some of the helminth species found may represent spureous parasitosis, as only the eggs (of an ascarid and a trematode) were found in some samples. From the organisms identified, the ectoparasites (lice— Struthiolipeurus rheae , S. nandu ; mites— Dermoglyphus pachycnemis , Gabucinia bicaudata ), helminths (cestoda— Houttuynia struthionis- and nematoda— Libyostrongylus sp., Codiostomum struthionis- ) and the ciliate Balantidium struthionis are known as ratite specific parasites. Capillaria eggs and larvae were also found; there are no previous records of this parasite from ostriches, and the data available do not allow to do a temptative specific diagnosis. Among protozoa, most of the species now found are described for the first time in ratites. They include organisms also found in other birds ( Trichomonas gallinae , Tetratrichomonas gallinarum , Chilomastix gallinarum , Spironucleus meleagridis and Pleuromonas jaculans ), and organisms whose specific status cannot be established until further analysis are performed ( Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria sp. and/or Isospora sp., Entamoeba sp. of the one-nucleate and of the eight-nucleate mature cyst groups, Endolimax sp., Iodamoeba sp., Monocercomonas sp., Retortamonas sp., Giardia sp., Blastocystis sp. and euglenids).
