The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Adib Rifqi Setiawan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Glance History of Physical Science
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adib Rifqi Setiawan
    Abstract:

    Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation nor experimentation. It can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. The main branch of life science is biology, while physical science is subdivided into four branches: astronomy, physics, geology, and chemistry. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized fields. However, the distinctions between the natural science disciplines are not always sharp, and they share a number of cross-discipline fields. Physics plays a significant role in the other natural sciences, as represented by astrophysics, geophysics, chemical physics, and biophysics. But Biology gives important impact to human activities, as represented by ecology and neuroscience. Based this matter of fact, I can safely say that Physics is the king of science nor Biology is the queen of science as well. The empirical evidence from observation or experimentation use tools from formal sciences that is Mathematics to convert information about nature into measurements which can be explained as clear statements of the laws of nature. In short, both of life and physical science have a servant, called Mathematics. Like female, however, the servant act like temptress to the king, and try to carry out a coup d'etat the real queen. The focus of this essay is the history of physical science mostly nowadays in branch physics, from early period beginning in the 7th century, when Thales of Miletus proclaimed that every event had a natural cause. Historians face several problems that physicists do not share. The data of history, that is: the materials historians use to reconstruct lives, events, and eras; differ markedly from the data of physics. Physicists may conduct a laboratory experiment, observe behavior of nature, and calculate the statistical correlation between two variables. In using these methods, physicist scientists have a measure of control over the situations or events they choose to study. Usually those events can be reconstructed or replicated by other physicists at other times and places. Thus, the data can be verified later by establishing conditions similar to those of the original study and repeating the observations. In contrast, the data of history cannot be reconstructed or replicated. Each situation occurred at some time in the past, perhaps centuries ago, and historians might not have bothered to record the particulars of the event at the time or even to record the details accurately. Although historians cannot repeat a situation to generate pertinent data, they still have significant information to consider. The data of past events are available to us as fragments, descriptions written by participants or witnesses, letters and diaries, photographs and pieces of laboratory equipment, interviews, and other official accounts. It is from these sources, these data fragments that historians try to recreate the events and experiences of the past.

  • Designing STEM Education's Lesson Plan for Guide Students to Achieve Scientific Literacy
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adib Rifqi Setiawan, Dessy Agustina, Dini Fitriani
    Abstract:

    Scientific literacy indicates that science has value outside scientific practice. This idea and reality is hardly modern, although we lose sight of this history. Scientific literacy has been promoted as important goal since at least the 6th century BC. That was when Thales of Miletus led discussions at the Ionian School, to explain objects and natural phenomena by inquiries and theories, as precursors of modern science. Unfortunately, PISA study at 1999-2015 and several works on that period, has showes that common science teachings don't optimally guide students to achieve scientific literacy. As matter of fact, the answer to what is the best teaching methods to achieve scientific literacy has not been obtained yet. By proposing this work, we are consider that STEM education as an alternative to guide students on achieve scientific literacy. STEM that an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics defined as the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics into a new cross-disciplinary subject in schools. We don't deny that the concept of integrating subjects in Indonesian schools, generally is not new and has not been very successful in the past. In addition, some people consider STEM as an opportunity while others view it as having problems. However, the answer to how STEM education implementation could help guide students on achieve scientific literacy has not been studied yet comprehensively. Therefore, STEM education’s lesson plans is very important to be designed. This work designed STEM education’s lesson plan for guide students to achieve scientific literacy, used R&D approach four-D model that reduced into three stage: define, design, and develop. The final test of any teaching methods lies, of course, in implementation. This work is non-implementation throughtout.

  • Developing STEM Education's Lesson Plan for Guide Students to Achieve Scientific Literacy
    2019
    Co-Authors: Adib Rifqi Setiawan
    Abstract:

    Scientific literacy indicates that science has value outside scientific practice. This idea and reality is hardly modern, although we lose sight of this history. Scientific literacy has been promoted as important goal since at least the 6th century BC. That was when Thales of Miletus led discussions at the Ionian School, to explain objects and natural phenomena by inquiries and theories, as precursors of modern science. Unfortunately, PISA study at 1999-2015 and several works on that period, has showes that common science teachings don't optimally guide students to achieve scientific literacy. As matter of fact, the answer to what is the best teaching methods to achieve scientific literacy has not been obtained yet. By proposing this work, we are consider that STEM education as an alternative to guide students on achieve scientific literacy. STEM that an acronym for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics defined as the integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics into a new cross-disciplinary subject in schools. We don't deny that the concept of integrating subjects in Indonesian schools, generally is not new and has not been very successful in the past. In addition, some people consider STEM as an opportunity while others view it as having problems. However, the answer to how STEM education implementation could help guide students on achieve scientific literacy has not been studied yet comprehensively. Therefore, STEM education’s lesson plans is very important to be developed. This work developed STEM education’s lesson plan for guide students to achieve scientific literacy, used R&D approach four-D model that reduced into three stage: define, design, and develop. The final test of any teaching methods lies, of course, in implementation. This work is non-implementation throughtout.

Miguel López-astorga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Water, soul, and gods in Thales of Miletus
    2018
    Co-Authors: Miguel López-astorga
    Abstract:

    Our knowledge of Thales of Miletus is fragmentary. We only have very short passages attributed to him by ancient sources, and those passages are not always clearly consistent with each other. In this paper, I analyze some of the most representative ancient fragments with theses assigned to Thales of Miletus by means of a methodology based on the general framework of the unified theory of mental models. My intention in doing that is to try to clarify what he truly thought about water, the soul, and gods, and my conclusions refer to the fact that it is very possible that Thales’ philosophy was much closer to myth than sometimes assumed.

  • Thales of Miletus and the semantic possibilities of his view of the soul
    Aisthema: International Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Miguel López-astorga
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a thesis about the soul attributed, according to Diogenes Laertius, to Thales of Miletus by Aristotle and Hippias is reviewed both by means of the machinery provided by standard logical calculus and from the semantic framework of the mental models theory. The conclusions are that, while it is very hard to capture the sense of that thesis using the logical forms of standard calculus, the mental models theory can easily show its exact meaning and the particular semantic possibilities to which it refers. In the same way, a possible objection against the arguments proposed in this direction is responded.

Miguel Querejeta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • On the Eclipse of Thales, Cycles and Probabilities
    arXiv: History and Philosophy of Physics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Miguel Querejeta
    Abstract:

    According to classical tradition, Thales of Miletus predicted the total solar eclipse that took place on 28 May 585 BCE. Even if some authors have flatly denied the possibility of such a prediction, others have struggled to find cycles which would justify the achievement of the philosopher. Some of the proposed cycles have already been refuted, but two of them, namely those of Willy Hartner and Dirk Couprie, remain unchallenged. This paper presents some important objections to these two possibilities, based on the fact that these authors do not list all the eclipses potentially visible by their criteria. In addition, any explanation based on cycles will need to face the complex problem of visibility (smallest observable eclipse, weather...). The present article also includes a statistical study on the predictability of solar eclipses for a variety of periods, similar to that performed by Willy Hartner for lunar eclipses, resulting in lower probabilities in the solar case (and percentages depend on the chosen magnitude limit). The conclusion is that none of the cycles proposed so far provides a satisfactory explanation of the prediction, and, on statistical grounds, none of the periods studied leads to a significant probability of success with solar eclipse cycles.

  • On the Eclipse of Thales, Cycles and Probabilities
    2011
    Co-Authors: Miguel Querejeta
    Abstract:

    According to classical tradition, Thales of Miletus predicted the total solar eclipse that took place on 28 May 585 BCE. Even if some authors have flatly denied the possibility of such a prediction, others have struggled to find cycles which would justify the achievement of the philosopher. Some of the proposed cycles have already been refuted, but two of them, namely those of Willy Hartner and Dirk Couprie, remain unchallenged. This paper presents some important objections to these two possibilities, based on the fact that these authors do not list all the eclipses potentially visible by their criteria. In addition, any explanation based on cycles will need to face the complex problem of visibility (smallest observable eclipse, weather...). The present article also includes a statistical study on the predictability of solar eclipses for a variety of periods, similar to that performed by Willy Hartner for lunar eclipses, resulting in lower probabilities in the solar case (and percentages depend on the chosen magnitude limit). The conclusion is that none of the cycles proposed so far provides a satisfactory explanation of the prediction, and, on statistical grounds, none of the periods studied leads to a significant probability of success with solar eclipse cycles. Introduction From supernovae to comets, from planetary motions to eclipses, the observation of heavenly changes has had a profound influence on humans from the earliest civilizations to the present day. Total solar eclipses stand out among these as some of the most spectacular astronomical events that can be witnessed, and a number of such events have had a significant effect on history. According to Herodotus, Thales of Miletus foretold the loss of daylight which put an end to the battle between the Lydians and Medes; at that time, the battlefield suddenly being plunged into night was regarded as a bad omen: On the Eclipse of Thales, Cycles and Probabilities Culture and Cosmos 6 They were still warring with equal success, when it happened, at an encounter which occurred in the sixth year, that during the battle the day was suddenly turned to night. Thales of Miletus had foretold this loss of daylight to the Ionians, fixing it within the year in which the change did indeed happen. So when the Lydians and Medes saw the day turned to night, they stopped fighting, and both were the more eager to make peace. There is some controversy about the translation of the Greek text, and a few editions imply that Thales predicted not only the year, but the date of the eclipse; the latter would make much more sense from the astronomical point of view, as, ‘if one can predict an eclipse at all, one can predict it to the day’. Therefore, we will refer to the prediction of the date of the eclipse throughout this paper, and not only to the announcement of the year when it happened. Cicero, Pliny, and Diogenes Laertius, among others, have also referred to the prediction of Thales, and, in particular, Pliny points out that the event took place in ‘the fourth year of the 48 Olympiad’, which is widely accepted to correspond to 585/4 BCE. In this context, modern calculations show that a solar eclipse was visible from Asia Minor on 28 May 585 BCE, and the totality path crossed, in all likeliness, the region where the Lydians and Medes were fighting. Yet, could the Milesian philosopher have predicted such a special occurrence? Strenuous efforts have been made to either support or deny the prediction of Thales. Since the nineteenth century, when the first serious 1 Herodotus, Histories, I.74.2–3, trans. R. Godley (Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1920). 2 Dimitri Panchenko, ‘Thales's Prediction of a Solar Eclipse’, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Vol. 25 (1994): p. 275. 3 Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, II.53, trans. H. Rackham (Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1942). 4 All eclipse computations correspond to Fred Espenak and Chris O’Byrne, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre; this will be commented in detail later. The battle took place somewhere in the Anatolia peninsula, which was almost completely covered by the totality path.

Moraes, Alfredo De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Uma metafísica para além do feminino e do masculino
    2018
    Co-Authors: Moraes, Alfredo De Oliveira
    Abstract:

    The author present of way summarized and provocative the thesis of what is urgent and essential the change of basis of the Metaphysic, he state that the history of Metaphysic that began with Thales of Miletus and over the its development limited itself to doing only to propose different matters like basis of the Metaphysic, but never asked about the possibility of another basis, and now before to the new discovery from the contemporary science not is the Metaphysic itself that lost its sense and reason to be, but only the metaphysic of material basis. So he proposes the retake to the Metaphysic in relational basis. For the author, the world needs of Philosophy, and the Philosophy needs of a new metaphysical basis, that new Metaphysic demand the courage of us be daring, no without consequence, no in a moral speech, no through any kind in sight of a brilliant mind, no in sentences of the media, but in dialogue with the others knowledge and the reality for they revealed; A Metaphysical that be capable of to make apprehension and to explain in its logos the reality that come from the laboratories of nanotechnology, from of the new telescope (like Hubble and others), from the social webs that packed the internet, from the holograph thought and its fractal, in short, from the everything that constitute our contemporary effective reality. At last, metaphysic on a new basis that can to reach beyond of the feminine and masculine and to contribute to realize our potential as spirit living a human experience.O autor apresenta de modo sucinto e provocativo a tese de que é urgente e imprescindível a mudança de base da Metafísica, assevera que a história da Metafísica iniciada com Tales de Mileto, ao longo do seu desenvolvimento limitou-se apenas a propor diferentes matérias como base da Metafísica, sem jamais questionar a possibilidade de outra base e que frente às descobertas da ciência contemporânea não é toda a Metafísica que perde sentido e razão de ser, mas apenas essa Metafísica de base material e propõe a possibilidade de se retomar a Metafísica em bases relacionais. Para o autor, O mundo precisa de Filosofia, a Filosofia carece de uma nova base metafísica e uma Metafísica em novas bases exige a coragem de ousar, não inconsequentemente, não em discursos edificantes, não em lampejos de genialidade, não em frases midiáticas, mas em diálogo com os outros saberes e a realidade por eles revelada, desvelada; uma Metafísica que seja capaz de apreender e expor em seu lógos a realidade dos laboratórios de nanotecnologia, dos telescópios (como o Hubble e outros), das redes sociais que grassam na internet, do pensamento holográfico e seus fractais, em fim, de tudo o que constitui a nossa realidade efetiva contemporânea. Em conclusão, metafísica numa nova base que possa nos levar além do feminino e do masculino, e contribuir para realizar nosso potencial como espíritos vivendo uma experiência humana

Jeremy C. Ganz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Some physics from 550 BC to AD 1948.
    Progress in brain research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jeremy C. Ganz
    Abstract:

    This chapter outlines terminology and its origins. It traces the development of physics ideas from Thales of Miletus, via Isaac Newton, to the nuclear physics investigations at the beginning of the twentieth century. It also outlines the evolving technology required to make the discoveries that would form the basis of radiosurgery. Up to the 1920s, all experiments on atomic structure and radioactivity had involved the use of vacuum tubes and naturally occurring radioactive substances. There was a need to make useable subatomic particles to obtain better understanding of the interior structure of atoms. Because of this, machines that could make atoms move at high speed were invented, known as particle accelerators. A new era had dawned. There is a brief mention of the effect of radiation on living tissue and of the units used to measure it.