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Rahmat Rahmat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EVALUASI BILANGAN EXCESS Air PADA UNIT 2 PLTU 1 JAWA TENGAH REMBANG ( EVALUATION NUMBER OF EXCESS Air IN THE UNIT 2 PLTU 1 JAWA TENGAH REMBANG )
2013Co-Authors: Muanif Muanif, Rahmat RahmatAbstract:Pembakaran sempurna dengan udara teoritis sangat sulit dicapai karenapada kenyataannya, tidak semua oxygen dapat bertemu dan bereaksi dengan unsur-unsur dalam bahan bakar. Karena itu, untuk menjamin terlaksananya proses pembakaran sempurna, maka diberikan sejumlah udara berlebih.Tetapi mengingat udara berlebih akan membawa panas keluar cerobong, maka jumlahnya harus ideal. Pada Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bilangan excess Air yang optimal dengan membandingkan secara kalkulasi dan terukur pada beban 300 MW Unit 2 PLTU 1 Jawa Tengah Rembang.Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan set point O2content dengan kalkulasi sudah sesuai, tetapi set point O2 content dengan aktual lebih besar, kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah kebocoran udara dan kesalahan pemasangan letak sensor O2 content. Pada nilai excess Air dan O2content yang optimal pada beban 300 MW adalah pada aliran 144 ton/ jam dengan excess Air 20 % s/d 20,6 % menghasilkan O2 content sebesar 3,5 % s/d 3,6 %.Selisih antara udara berlebihterukur dan kalkulasi semakin mengecil yang berbanding lurus dengan penambahan bahan bakar batubara,tetapi sebaliknya semakin besar bahan bakar maka selisih udara lebih yang keluar akan semakin kecil dan menyebabkan flue gas kurang bersih dan kurang aman, maka dari itu harus dilakukan evaluasi, analisa, koreksi, terhadap unjuk kerja untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Kata kunci: Excess Air,Pembakaran sempurna, O2 Content. Complete combustion with the Theoretical Air is very difficult to achieve because in reality, not all the oxygen can meet and react with elements in the fuel. Therefore, to guarantee the implementation of complete combustion process, then given a certain amount of excess Air. But given the excess Air will take the heat out of the chimney, then the amount of Air should be ideal. In this final project aims to obtain the optimal excess Air numbers by comparing the calculated and measured at the load of 300 MW Unit 2 PLTU 1 Central Java Rembang. The evaluation shows the set point by calculating the O2 content is appropriate, but the set point with the actual O2 content larger, likely cause is Air leakage and installation errors location of the sensor O2 content..On the value of excess Air and O2 content in the optimal load is 300 MW on stream 144 ton / hour with 20% excess Air s / d 20.6% with a produces of 3.5% O2 content s / d 3.6%. The difference between the measured and calculated excess Air gets smaller proportional with the addition of coal, but on the contrary the greater the difference in fuel more Air that comes out will be smaller and cause less gas flue are clean and safe, so it must be done the evaluation, analysis, correction, the performance to get optimal results. Keywords: Complete combustion,Excess Air, O2 Content
Thomsen B.c. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Amplification schemes and multi-channel DBP for unrepeatered transmission
'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2017Co-Authors: Galdino L., Tan M., Alvarado A., Lavery D., Maher R., Harper P., Makovejs S., Rosa Pawel, Ania Castañón, Juan Diego, Thomsen B.c.Abstract:7 págs.; 7 figs.; 2 tabs. ; INSPEC Accession Number: 15901947The performance of unrepeatered transmission of a seven Nyquist-spaced 10 GBd PDM-16QAM superchannel using full signal band coherent detection and multi-channel digital back propagation (MC-DBP) to mitigate nonlinear effects is analysed. For the first time in unrepeatered transmission, the performance of two amplification systems is investigated and directly compared in terms of achievable information rates (Airs): 1) erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) and 2) second-order bidirectional Raman pumped amplification. The experiment is performed over different span lengths, demonstrating that, for an Air of 6.8 bit/s/Hz, the Raman system enables an increase of 93 km (36 %) in span length. Further, at these distances, MC-DBP gives an improvement in Air of 1 bit/s/Hz (to 7.8 bit/s/Hz) for both amplification schemes. The Theoretical Air gains for Raman and MC-DBP are shown to be preserved when considering low-density parity-check codes. Additionally, MC-DBP algorithms for both amplification schemes are compared in terms of performance and computational complexity. It is shown that to achieve the maximum MC-DBP gain, the Raman system requires approximately four times the computational complexity due to the distributed impact of fibre nonlinearity.The authors would like to thank Corning, Inc., for supplying the fibre used in this work.Peer Reviewe
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Amplification schemes and multi-channel DBP for unrepeatered transmission
2016Co-Authors: Galdino L., Tan M., Alvarado A., Lavery D., Rosa P., Maher R., Diego Ania-castanon J., Harper P., Makovejs S., Thomsen B.c.Abstract:The performance of unrepeatered transmission of a seven Nyquist-spaced 10 GBd PDM-16QAM superchannel using full signal band coherent detection and multi-channel digital back propagation (MC-DBP) to mitigate nonlinear effects is analysed. For the first time in unrepeatered transmission, the performance of two amplification systems is investigated and directly compared in terms of achievable information rates (Airs): 1) erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) and 2) second-order bidirectional Raman pumped amplification. The experiment is performed over different span lengths, demonstrating that, for an Air of 6.8 bit/s/Hz, the Raman system enables an increase of 93 km (36 %) in span length. Further, at these distances, MC-DBP gives an improvement in Air of 1 bit/s/Hz (to 7.8 bit/s/Hz) for both amplification schemes. The Theoretical Air gains for Raman and MC-DBP are shown to be preserved when considering low-density parity-check codes. Additionally, MC-DBP algorithms for both amplification schemes are compared in terms of performance and computational complexity. It is shown that to achieve the maximum MC-DBP gain, the Raman system requires approximately four times the computational complexity due to the distributed impact of fibre nonlinearity
Muanif Muanif - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EVALUASI BILANGAN EXCESS Air PADA UNIT 2 PLTU 1 JAWA TENGAH REMBANG ( EVALUATION NUMBER OF EXCESS Air IN THE UNIT 2 PLTU 1 JAWA TENGAH REMBANG )
2013Co-Authors: Muanif Muanif, Rahmat RahmatAbstract:Pembakaran sempurna dengan udara teoritis sangat sulit dicapai karenapada kenyataannya, tidak semua oxygen dapat bertemu dan bereaksi dengan unsur-unsur dalam bahan bakar. Karena itu, untuk menjamin terlaksananya proses pembakaran sempurna, maka diberikan sejumlah udara berlebih.Tetapi mengingat udara berlebih akan membawa panas keluar cerobong, maka jumlahnya harus ideal. Pada Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bilangan excess Air yang optimal dengan membandingkan secara kalkulasi dan terukur pada beban 300 MW Unit 2 PLTU 1 Jawa Tengah Rembang.Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan set point O2content dengan kalkulasi sudah sesuai, tetapi set point O2 content dengan aktual lebih besar, kemungkinan penyebabnya adalah kebocoran udara dan kesalahan pemasangan letak sensor O2 content. Pada nilai excess Air dan O2content yang optimal pada beban 300 MW adalah pada aliran 144 ton/ jam dengan excess Air 20 % s/d 20,6 % menghasilkan O2 content sebesar 3,5 % s/d 3,6 %.Selisih antara udara berlebihterukur dan kalkulasi semakin mengecil yang berbanding lurus dengan penambahan bahan bakar batubara,tetapi sebaliknya semakin besar bahan bakar maka selisih udara lebih yang keluar akan semakin kecil dan menyebabkan flue gas kurang bersih dan kurang aman, maka dari itu harus dilakukan evaluasi, analisa, koreksi, terhadap unjuk kerja untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Kata kunci: Excess Air,Pembakaran sempurna, O2 Content. Complete combustion with the Theoretical Air is very difficult to achieve because in reality, not all the oxygen can meet and react with elements in the fuel. Therefore, to guarantee the implementation of complete combustion process, then given a certain amount of excess Air. But given the excess Air will take the heat out of the chimney, then the amount of Air should be ideal. In this final project aims to obtain the optimal excess Air numbers by comparing the calculated and measured at the load of 300 MW Unit 2 PLTU 1 Central Java Rembang. The evaluation shows the set point by calculating the O2 content is appropriate, but the set point with the actual O2 content larger, likely cause is Air leakage and installation errors location of the sensor O2 content..On the value of excess Air and O2 content in the optimal load is 300 MW on stream 144 ton / hour with 20% excess Air s / d 20.6% with a produces of 3.5% O2 content s / d 3.6%. The difference between the measured and calculated excess Air gets smaller proportional with the addition of coal, but on the contrary the greater the difference in fuel more Air that comes out will be smaller and cause less gas flue are clean and safe, so it must be done the evaluation, analysis, correction, the performance to get optimal results. Keywords: Complete combustion,Excess Air, O2 Content
Md Nurun Nabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Theoretical investigation of engine thermal efficiency adiabatic flame temperature nox emission and combustion related parameters for different oxygenated fuels
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Md Nurun NabiAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with Theoretical investigation of engine thermal efficiency, specific heat at constant pressure ( Cp ), gas temperature, molecular number, adiabatic flame temperature, oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emission, and some fundamental combustion-related parameters such as Theoretical Air fuel ratio (AFR), lower calorific value (LCV) and ratio of LCV and Theoretical AFR for different oxygenated fuels. The computations are carried out at standard atmospheric condition. Pentadecane (PD) was used as a base fuel in this computation. The results showed that almost all of the above combustion-related parameters are closely related to oxygen content in the fuels. The ratio of LCV and Theoretical AFR is constant for all kinds of oxygenated fuels regardless of the oxygen content in their molecular structure. One of the interesting findings of this work is that with the increase in oxygen content in the fuels adiabatic flame temperature decreases linearly consequently NO x emission decreased linearly. The engine thermal efficiency is almost unchanged below oxygen content of 30% w/w, but gradually decreased above 30% w/w. The reduction in NO x emission is associated with the reduction in adiabatic flame temperature for the oxygenated fuels, while the reduction of engine thermal efficiency above 30% w/w of oxygen associated with the increase in gas specific heat.
Galdino L. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Amplification schemes and multi-channel DBP for unrepeatered transmission
'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2017Co-Authors: Galdino L., Tan M., Alvarado A., Lavery D., Maher R., Harper P., Makovejs S., Rosa Pawel, Ania Castañón, Juan Diego, Thomsen B.c.Abstract:7 págs.; 7 figs.; 2 tabs. ; INSPEC Accession Number: 15901947The performance of unrepeatered transmission of a seven Nyquist-spaced 10 GBd PDM-16QAM superchannel using full signal band coherent detection and multi-channel digital back propagation (MC-DBP) to mitigate nonlinear effects is analysed. For the first time in unrepeatered transmission, the performance of two amplification systems is investigated and directly compared in terms of achievable information rates (Airs): 1) erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) and 2) second-order bidirectional Raman pumped amplification. The experiment is performed over different span lengths, demonstrating that, for an Air of 6.8 bit/s/Hz, the Raman system enables an increase of 93 km (36 %) in span length. Further, at these distances, MC-DBP gives an improvement in Air of 1 bit/s/Hz (to 7.8 bit/s/Hz) for both amplification schemes. The Theoretical Air gains for Raman and MC-DBP are shown to be preserved when considering low-density parity-check codes. Additionally, MC-DBP algorithms for both amplification schemes are compared in terms of performance and computational complexity. It is shown that to achieve the maximum MC-DBP gain, the Raman system requires approximately four times the computational complexity due to the distributed impact of fibre nonlinearity.The authors would like to thank Corning, Inc., for supplying the fibre used in this work.Peer Reviewe
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Amplification schemes and multi-channel DBP for unrepeatered transmission
2016Co-Authors: Galdino L., Tan M., Alvarado A., Lavery D., Rosa P., Maher R., Diego Ania-castanon J., Harper P., Makovejs S., Thomsen B.c.Abstract:The performance of unrepeatered transmission of a seven Nyquist-spaced 10 GBd PDM-16QAM superchannel using full signal band coherent detection and multi-channel digital back propagation (MC-DBP) to mitigate nonlinear effects is analysed. For the first time in unrepeatered transmission, the performance of two amplification systems is investigated and directly compared in terms of achievable information rates (Airs): 1) erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) and 2) second-order bidirectional Raman pumped amplification. The experiment is performed over different span lengths, demonstrating that, for an Air of 6.8 bit/s/Hz, the Raman system enables an increase of 93 km (36 %) in span length. Further, at these distances, MC-DBP gives an improvement in Air of 1 bit/s/Hz (to 7.8 bit/s/Hz) for both amplification schemes. The Theoretical Air gains for Raman and MC-DBP are shown to be preserved when considering low-density parity-check codes. Additionally, MC-DBP algorithms for both amplification schemes are compared in terms of performance and computational complexity. It is shown that to achieve the maximum MC-DBP gain, the Raman system requires approximately four times the computational complexity due to the distributed impact of fibre nonlinearity
