The Experts below are selected from a list of 99 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ahmet Z Sahin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Thermodynamic Quantity minimized in steady heat and fluid flow processes a control volume approach
Energy Conversion and Management, 2012Co-Authors: Ahmet Z SahinAbstract:Abstract Heat transfer and fluid flow processes exhibit similarities as they occur naturally and are governed by the same type of differential equations. Natural phenomena occur always in an optimum way. In this paper, the natural optimality that exists in the heat transfer and fluid flow processes is investigated. In this regard, heat transfer and fluid flow problems are treated as optimization problems. We discovered a Thermodynamic Quantity that is optimized during the steady heat transfer and fluid flow processes. Consequently, a new Thermodynamic property, the so called temheat, is introduced using the second law of Thermodynamics and the definition of entropy. It is shown, through several examples, that overall temheat destruction is always minimized in steady heat and fluid flow processes. The principle of temheat destruction minimization that is based on the temheat balance equation provides a better insight to understand how the natural flow processes take place.
T Imai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular theory of partial molar volume and its applications to biomolecular systems
Condensed Matter Physics, 2007Co-Authors: T ImaiAbstract:The partial molar volume (PMV) is a Thermodynamic Quantity which contains important information about the solute-solvent interactions as well as the solute structure in solution. Additionally, the PMV is the most essential Quantity in the analysis of the pressure effect on chemical reactions. This article reviews the recent developments in molecular theories of the PMV, especially the reference interaction site model (RISM) theory of molecular liquids and its three-dimensional generalization version (3D-RISM), which are combined with the Kirkwood-Buff solution theory to calculate the PMV. This article also introduces our recent applications of the theory to some interesting issues concerning the PMV of biomolecules. In addition, theoretical representations of the effects of intramolecular fluctuation on the PMV, which are significant for biomacromolecules, are briefly discussed.
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partial molar volume and hydration of proteins studied by the molecular theory of solvation
The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: T ImaiAbstract:The partial molar volume (PMV) is the most fundamental Thermodynamic Quantity in considering the pressure effects on protein stability and function. The PMV is determined by the hydration as well as the geometry of the solute. However, it is difficult to extract the hydration effects from the PMV by the conventional methods. The 3D-RISM theory, which is a modern statistical-mechanical theory of molecular solvation, enables us to analyze the PMV in terms of hydration. In this article, recent applications of the 3D-RISM theory to some subjects concerning the PMV of protein are reviewed. The topics include the volume difference between low- and high-pressure structures, the volume change associated with the helix-coil transition, and the volume change accompanying ligand-protein binding.
D. Nicholson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new interpretation of chemical potential in adsorption systems and the vapour–liquid interface
Adsorption, 2018Co-Authors: D. D. Do, D. NicholsonAbstract:Chemical potential is a fundamental Thermodynamic Quantity that is constant everywhere in uniform or non-uniform systems at equilibrium. Because it is not a mechanical variable, its clear interpretation is elusive and its relationship to the energetics of the molecules that make up the system has not been established. In this work, we present a link between the chemical potential and molecular energetics, using a kinetic Monte Carlo scheme. We illustrate this new interpretation using argon as a model species giving examples for adsorption on a graphite surface and for a bulk vapour-liquid equilibrium ( VLE ). It was found that in either an adsorbed phase or a bulk liquid phase, the chemical potential is associated with repelling molecules, despite the number of these molecules being very small. In a rarefied phase it is associated with attracting molecules. In the interfacial regions in an adsorption system or in a VLE , the energetics of the repelling and attracting molecules contribute equally to the chemical potential.
Mehdi Akbarian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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roughness induced pavement vehicle interactions key parameters and impact on vehicle fuel consumption
Transportation Research Record, 2015Co-Authors: Arghavan Louhghalam, Mehdi AkbarianAbstract:Pavement roughness affects rolling resistance and thus vehicle fuel consumption. When a vehicle travels at constant speed on an uneven road surface, the mechanical work dissipated in the vehicle’s suspension system is compensated by vehicle engine power and results in excess fuel consumption. This dissipation depends on both road roughness and vehicle dynamic characteristics. This paper proposes, calibrates, and implements a mechanistic model for roughness-induced dissipation. The distinguishing feature of the model is its combination of a Thermodynamic Quantity (energy dissipation) with results from random vibration theory to identify the governing parameters that drive the excess fuel consumption caused by pavement roughness, namely, the international roughness index (IRI) and the waviness number, w (a power spectral density parameter). It is shown through sensitivity analysis that the sensitivity of model output, that is, excess fuel consumption, to the waviness number is significant and comparable to ...
David M Schultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what are the best Thermodynamic Quantity and function to define a front in gridded model output
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2019Co-Authors: Carl M Thomas, David M SchultzAbstract:AbstractFronts can be computed from gridded datasets such as numerical model output and reanalyses, resulting in automated surface frontal charts and climatologies. Defining automated fronts requir...
