The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Antonio Valero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Application of Thermoeconomics to industrial ecology
Entropy, 2010Co-Authors: Antonio Valero, Sergio Usón, Cesar TorresAbstract:Industrial Ecology involves the transformation of industrial processes from linear to closed loop systems: matter and energy flows which were initially considered as wastes become now resources for existing or new processes. In this paper, Thermoeconomics, commonly used for the optimization and diagnosis of energy systems, is proposed as a tool for the characterization of Industrial Ecology. Thermoeconomics is based on the exergy analysis (Thermodynamics) but goes further by introducing the concepts of purpose and cost (Economics). It is presented in this study as a systematic and general approach for the analysis of waste flow integration. The formulation is based on extending the thermoeconomic process of the cost formation of wastes in order to consider their use as input for other processes. Consequently, it can be applied to important Industrial Ecology issues such as identification of integration possibilities and efficiency improvement, quantification of benefits obtained by integration, or determination of fair prices based on physical roots. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated by means of a case study based on the integration of a power plant, a cement kiln and a gas-fired boiler.
-
on the thermoeconomic approach to the diagnosis of energy system malfunctions part 1 the tadeus problem
Energy, 2004Co-Authors: Antonio Valero, Luis Correas, Alejandro Zaleta, Andrea Lazzaretto, Vittorio Verda, Mauro Reini, V RangelAbstract:This work is the first part of a wider project aiming at demonstrating the capabilities offered by the thermoeconomic approach to the diagnosis of malfunctions in energy utility systems (TADEUS problem). The final goal is to create a common basis of work for people interested in applying Thermoeconomics to identify malfunctions and to evaluate their effects on the overall plant performance. The main issues to be addressed when performing a diagnosis of energy system malfunctions using a thermoeconomic approach are summarized. A combined cycle power plant is proposed to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the thermoeconomic approach. An overview of its operation characteristics, thermodynamic design properties and control strategy is given in Part 1, and a comprehensive model is described for further use as common basis to illustrate the various diagnosis approaches either by the authors or third parties. Possible component malfunctions and main theoretical aspects of the thermoeconomic approach are presented in Part 2. The paper shows at which level of detail the analysis of physical and technical characteristics of the plant should be performed, how to develop a design and off-design model suitable for malfunction analysis, how to analyse and define component malfunctions and how to interpret and use thermoeconomic variables and indexes.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part ii application to an actual power plant
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Antonio Valero, Felix Lerch, L Serra, Javier RoyoAbstract:In this second part of the paper, the new advances on thermoeconomic diagnosis presented in the part I are applied to the Escucha power plant, which is a 160 MW conventional coal fired power plant sited in Aragon (Spain). As a result the validity of the methodology is proved and quantified. The methodology is validated using a specific simulator of the Escucha power plant cycle, mainly based on [ASME Power Division, Paper no. 62-WA-209, 1974] method. This simulator reproduces with high accuracy the cycle behavior for different operating conditions, either in design and in off design conditions. The error is lower than 1% in most of cases. The simulated results, i.e. temperatures, pressures, mass flow rates, power and so on, are considered as plant measured and validated values. In this way all measurement uncertainties are avoided. A complete thermoeconomic diagnosis is presented applying the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics. The impact of the component inefficiencies on the fuel plant consumption, and the effect of a component inefficiency (intrinsic malfunction) on the rest of the plant components (induced malfunctions and dysfunctions), are analyzed and quantified. The methodology is validated quantifying its accuracy.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part i on malfunction and dysfunction analysis
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Cesar Torres, L Serra, Antonio Valero, Javier RoyoAbstract:Thermoeconomic diagnosis of complex energy systems is probably the most developed application of thermoeconomic analysis [NATO ASI on thermodynamics and optimization of complex energy systems, 1999, p. 117]. It is applied to diagnose the causes of the additional fuel consumption of a steadily operating plant, due to the inefficiencies of its components. In this paper, a new method based on the structural theory and symbolic Thermoeconomics [Energy 19 (13) (1994) 365] is introduced. It integrates the thermoeconomic methodologies developed until now, such as fuel impact and technical exergy saving [Flowers 94, Florence World Energy Research Symposium, Florence, Italy, 1994, p. 149] and let us to compute the additional fuel consumption as the sum of both the irreversibilities and the malfunction costs of the plant components. Furthermore, it will be able to quantify the effect of a component malfunction in the other components of the plant. As result, new concepts are included in the diagnosis analysis: intrinsic malfunction, induced malfunction and dysfunction. The key of the proposed method is the construction of the malfunction/dysfunction table which contains, in a very compact form, the information related with the plant inefficiencies and their effects on each component and on the whole plant. This methodology is not only a theoretical advance but also it enhances the thermoeconomic diagnosis applications, based on performance tests or simulation models. Some of them are presented in this paper using a simple example. The application of the methodology is shown in the second part of the paper.
-
thermoeconomic optimization of a dual purpose power and desalination plant
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Javier Uche, L Serra, Antonio ValeroAbstract:Abstract The thermoeconomic optimization of an actual steam power plant coupled with a MSF desalination unit is reported. A global optimization of the whole system is performed based on separated local optimizations of different plant units. The local optimization procedure described herein requires fewer computing resources and deals with simpler mathematical problems than conventional optimization methods. On the other hand, the local optimization method requires a thermoeconomic model providing the exery and economic costs of all mass and energy flows of a plant, including those corresponding to fresh and electricity produced. This application can be very useful, either for the plant management in order to achieve a cost-effective operation, and for a better plant design. In the example given, approximately 11% of the total cost was saved according to the optimization results in the nominal operating conditions of the plant.
L Serra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
modeling simple trigeneration systems for the distribution of environmental loads
Environmental Modelling and Software, 2012Co-Authors: Monica Carvalho, Miguel A Lozano, L Serra, Volker WohlgemuthAbstract:Integration of Thermoeconomics and Life Cycle Analysis was carried out within the framework of an Environmental Management Information System. This combined approach identified where environmental loads were generated and tracked environmental loads throughout the system, allowing for a more precise understanding of operational activities. A trigeneration system was modeled, providing electricity, heat, and cooling to a building. The trigeneration system consists of a cogeneration module, auxiliary boiler, absorption chiller and electrical chiller. The trigeneration system model is flexible, as it allows electricity from/to the electric grid to be purchased/sold, and part of the cogenerated heat to be wasted. Umberto software is specifically designed to analyze the distribution of material and energy resources throughout a productive system. The software is based on Petri networks, double-entry bookkeeping and cost accounting, allowing the setup of complex systems and also a combined material, energy and inventory calculation. An assistant was built to include the tracking of emissions through the application of algebra and rules similar to those used in thermoeconomic analysis. It is possible to evaluate the environmental impact in terms of the consumption of natural resources and generation of emissions in the system, from the input of natural resources to the output of the final products. Network parameters were used to calculate the emissions associated with the operation of the system. The issue of allocating environmental loads was introduced and two scenarios for each operational mode were compared: the trigeneration system vs. a conventional energy supply system in which electricity was produced in a representative coal power plant. In this case the trigeneration system operated with significant reduction of the CO"2 emitted into the atmosphere.
-
modeling simple trigeneration systems for the distribution of environmental loads
Environmental Modelling and Software, 2012Co-Authors: Monica Carvalho, Miguel A Lozano, L Serra, Volker WohlgemuthAbstract:Integration of Thermoeconomics and Life Cycle Analysis was carried out within the framework of an Environmental Management Information System. This combined approach identified where environmental loads were generated and tracked environmental loads throughout the system, allowing for a more precise understanding of operational activities. A trigeneration system was modeled, providing electricity, heat, and cooling to a building. The trigeneration system consists of a cogeneration module, auxiliary boiler, absorption chiller and electrical chiller. The trigeneration system model is flexible, as it allows electricity from/to the electric grid to be purchased/sold, and part of the cogenerated heat to be wasted. Umberto software is specifically designed to analyze the distribution of material and energy resources throughout a productive system. The software is based on Petri networks, double-entry bookkeeping and cost accounting, allowing the setup of complex systems and also a combined material, energy and inventory calculation. An assistant was built to include the tracking of emissions through the application of algebra and rules similar to those used in thermoeconomic analysis. It is possible to evaluate the environmental impact in terms of the consumption of natural resources and generation of emissions in the system, from the input of natural resources to the output of the final products. Network parameters were used to calculate the emissions associated with the operation of the system. The issue of allocating environmental loads was introduced and two scenarios for each operational mode were compared: the trigeneration system vs. a conventional energy supply system in which electricity was produced in a representative coal power plant. In this case the trigeneration system operated with significant reduction of the CO"2 emitted into the atmosphere.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part ii application to an actual power plant
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Antonio Valero, Felix Lerch, L Serra, Javier RoyoAbstract:In this second part of the paper, the new advances on thermoeconomic diagnosis presented in the part I are applied to the Escucha power plant, which is a 160 MW conventional coal fired power plant sited in Aragon (Spain). As a result the validity of the methodology is proved and quantified. The methodology is validated using a specific simulator of the Escucha power plant cycle, mainly based on [ASME Power Division, Paper no. 62-WA-209, 1974] method. This simulator reproduces with high accuracy the cycle behavior for different operating conditions, either in design and in off design conditions. The error is lower than 1% in most of cases. The simulated results, i.e. temperatures, pressures, mass flow rates, power and so on, are considered as plant measured and validated values. In this way all measurement uncertainties are avoided. A complete thermoeconomic diagnosis is presented applying the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics. The impact of the component inefficiencies on the fuel plant consumption, and the effect of a component inefficiency (intrinsic malfunction) on the rest of the plant components (induced malfunctions and dysfunctions), are analyzed and quantified. The methodology is validated quantifying its accuracy.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part i on malfunction and dysfunction analysis
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Cesar Torres, L Serra, Antonio Valero, Javier RoyoAbstract:Thermoeconomic diagnosis of complex energy systems is probably the most developed application of thermoeconomic analysis [NATO ASI on thermodynamics and optimization of complex energy systems, 1999, p. 117]. It is applied to diagnose the causes of the additional fuel consumption of a steadily operating plant, due to the inefficiencies of its components. In this paper, a new method based on the structural theory and symbolic Thermoeconomics [Energy 19 (13) (1994) 365] is introduced. It integrates the thermoeconomic methodologies developed until now, such as fuel impact and technical exergy saving [Flowers 94, Florence World Energy Research Symposium, Florence, Italy, 1994, p. 149] and let us to compute the additional fuel consumption as the sum of both the irreversibilities and the malfunction costs of the plant components. Furthermore, it will be able to quantify the effect of a component malfunction in the other components of the plant. As result, new concepts are included in the diagnosis analysis: intrinsic malfunction, induced malfunction and dysfunction. The key of the proposed method is the construction of the malfunction/dysfunction table which contains, in a very compact form, the information related with the plant inefficiencies and their effects on each component and on the whole plant. This methodology is not only a theoretical advance but also it enhances the thermoeconomic diagnosis applications, based on performance tests or simulation models. Some of them are presented in this paper using a simple example. The application of the methodology is shown in the second part of the paper.
-
thermoeconomic optimization of a dual purpose power and desalination plant
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Javier Uche, L Serra, Antonio ValeroAbstract:Abstract The thermoeconomic optimization of an actual steam power plant coupled with a MSF desalination unit is reported. A global optimization of the whole system is performed based on separated local optimizations of different plant units. The local optimization procedure described herein requires fewer computing resources and deals with simpler mathematical problems than conventional optimization methods. On the other hand, the local optimization method requires a thermoeconomic model providing the exery and economic costs of all mass and energy flows of a plant, including those corresponding to fresh and electricity produced. This application can be very useful, either for the plant management in order to achieve a cost-effective operation, and for a better plant design. In the example given, approximately 11% of the total cost was saved according to the optimization results in the nominal operating conditions of the plant.
Jinfu Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
thermoeconomic comparison between pure and mixture working fluids of organic rankine cycles orcs for low temperature waste heat recovery
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Yongqiang Feng, Kowalski Greg, Bingxi Li, Yaning Zhang, Tzu-chen Hung, Jinfu YangAbstract:Based on the thermoeconomic multi-objective optimization, simultaneously considering exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC), the thermoeconomic comparisons between pure and mixture working fluids of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) have been investigated. Four models are proposed based on the different location of evaporating bubble point temperature or condensing dew point temperature for mixture working fluids. The effects of mass fraction and four key parameters (evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, pinch point temperature difference and degree of superheat) on exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC) are examined. Pareto-optimal solutions of four models using 0.7R245fa/0.3R227ea are obtained and compared. Taking mass fraction into account, the thermoeconomic comparisons between pure and mixture working fluids have been studied. Research demonstrates that the mixtures don't always present better thermodynamic performance and economic performance than pure working fluids. Model 2 (T-7 = T-E, T-3 = T-C) is the favorable operation condition for its highest thermodynamic performance and relatively low economic factor. Taking mass fraction as decision variable, Pareto-optimal solutions for models 1, 2,3 and 4 in pairs of (exergy efficiency (%), LEC ($/kW h)) are (56.71, 0.188), (57.67, 0.192), (57.11, 0.194), and (56.91, 0.192), respectively. Compared with pure working fluids, the mixture working fluids present better exergy efficiency but worse LEC except model 1. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
-
Thermoeconomic comparison between pure and mixture working fluids of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) for low temperature waste heat recovery
Energy Conversion and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Yongqiang Feng, Kowalski Greg, Bingxi Li, Yaning Zhang, Tzu-chen Hung, Jinfu YangAbstract:Based on the thermoeconomic multi-objective optimization, simultaneously considering exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC), the thermoeconomic comparisons between pure and mixture working fluids of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) have been investigated. Four models are proposed based on the different location of evaporating bubble point temperature or condensing dew point temperature for mixture working fluids. The effects of mass fraction and four key parameters (evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, pinch point temperature difference and degree of superheat) on exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC) are examined. Pareto-optimal solutions of four models using 0.7R245fa/0.3R227ea are obtained and compared. Taking mass fraction into account, the thermoeconomic comparisons between pure and mixture working fluids have been studied. Research demonstrates that the mixtures don't always present better thermodynamic performance and economic performance than pure working fluids. Model 2 (T7=TE,T3=TC) is the favorable operation condition for its highest thermodynamic performance and relatively low economic factor. Taking mass fraction as decision variable, Pareto-optimal solutions for models 1, 2, 3 and 4 in pairs of (exergy efficiency (%), LEC ($/kW h)) are (56.71, 0.188), (57.67, 0.192), (57.11, 0.194), and (56.91, 0.192), respectively. Compared with pure working fluids, the mixture working fluids present better exergy efficiency but worse LEC except model 1.
Javier Royo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part ii application to an actual power plant
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Antonio Valero, Felix Lerch, L Serra, Javier RoyoAbstract:In this second part of the paper, the new advances on thermoeconomic diagnosis presented in the part I are applied to the Escucha power plant, which is a 160 MW conventional coal fired power plant sited in Aragon (Spain). As a result the validity of the methodology is proved and quantified. The methodology is validated using a specific simulator of the Escucha power plant cycle, mainly based on [ASME Power Division, Paper no. 62-WA-209, 1974] method. This simulator reproduces with high accuracy the cycle behavior for different operating conditions, either in design and in off design conditions. The error is lower than 1% in most of cases. The simulated results, i.e. temperatures, pressures, mass flow rates, power and so on, are considered as plant measured and validated values. In this way all measurement uncertainties are avoided. A complete thermoeconomic diagnosis is presented applying the Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics. The impact of the component inefficiencies on the fuel plant consumption, and the effect of a component inefficiency (intrinsic malfunction) on the rest of the plant components (induced malfunctions and dysfunctions), are analyzed and quantified. The methodology is validated quantifying its accuracy.
-
structural theory and thermoeconomic diagnosis part i on malfunction and dysfunction analysis
Energy Conversion and Management, 2002Co-Authors: Cesar Torres, L Serra, Antonio Valero, Javier RoyoAbstract:Thermoeconomic diagnosis of complex energy systems is probably the most developed application of thermoeconomic analysis [NATO ASI on thermodynamics and optimization of complex energy systems, 1999, p. 117]. It is applied to diagnose the causes of the additional fuel consumption of a steadily operating plant, due to the inefficiencies of its components. In this paper, a new method based on the structural theory and symbolic Thermoeconomics [Energy 19 (13) (1994) 365] is introduced. It integrates the thermoeconomic methodologies developed until now, such as fuel impact and technical exergy saving [Flowers 94, Florence World Energy Research Symposium, Florence, Italy, 1994, p. 149] and let us to compute the additional fuel consumption as the sum of both the irreversibilities and the malfunction costs of the plant components. Furthermore, it will be able to quantify the effect of a component malfunction in the other components of the plant. As result, new concepts are included in the diagnosis analysis: intrinsic malfunction, induced malfunction and dysfunction. The key of the proposed method is the construction of the malfunction/dysfunction table which contains, in a very compact form, the information related with the plant inefficiencies and their effects on each component and on the whole plant. This methodology is not only a theoretical advance but also it enhances the thermoeconomic diagnosis applications, based on performance tests or simulation models. Some of them are presented in this paper using a simple example. The application of the methodology is shown in the second part of the paper.
Majid Amidpour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of an ammonia water power cooling cogeneration cycle
Energy, 2012Co-Authors: V Zare, S M S Mahmoudi, Mortaza Yari, Majid AmidpourAbstract:The performance of an ammonia–water power/cooling cogeneration cycle is investigated and optimized paying more attention on the economic point of view. Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic models are developed in order to investigate the thermodynamic performance of the cycle and assess the unit cost of products. A parametric study is carried out and the cycle performance is optimized based on the thermal and exergy efficiencies as well as the sum of the unit costs of the system products. The results show that the sum of the unit cost of the cycle products obtained through thermoeconomic optimization is less than by around 18.6% and 25.9% compared to the cases when the cycle is optimized from the viewpoints of first and second laws of thermodynamics, respectively. It is also concluded that for each increase of $3/ton in unit cost of the steam as the heat source, the unit cost of the output power and cooling is increased by around $7.6/GJ and $15–19/GJ, respectively.
-
thermoeconomic analysis with reliability consideration of a combined power and multi stage flash desalination plant
Desalination, 2011Co-Authors: Seyed Reza Hosseini, Majid Amidpour, Ali BehbahaniniaAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with the effects of equipment reliability consideration to thermoeconomic analysis of a combined power and multi stage flash water desalination plant. Exergy and thermoeconomic models of the considered process units are developed and presented in this work. An economic model of the system is developed according to the Total Revenue Requirement (TRR) method. This application can be very useful, either for the plant management in order to achieve a cost-effective operation, or for a better plant design. Equipment reliability using the state-space and the continuous Markov method is incorporated in thermoeconomic analysis to improve the cost values. The results show that the power and water costs with reliability consideration increased 4.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis shows the relationship between the production cost and the system availability which can help the designer to decide how to improve the profit or competitiveness.
-
thermoeconomic optimization of a hybrid pressurized water reactor pwr power plant coupled to a multi effect distillation desalination system with thermo vapor compressor med tvc
Energy, 2010Co-Authors: Kambiz Ansari, Hoseyn Sayyaadi, Majid AmidpourAbstract:Thermoeconomic optimization of a typical 1000 MW Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant coupled to a Multi Effect Distillation (MED) desalination system with thermo-vapor compressor (TVC) is performed. A thermodynamic modeling based on the energy and exergy analysis is performed while economic modeling is developed based on the Total Revenue Requirement (TRR) method. The objective function based on the thermoeconomic analysis is obtained. The proposed cogeneration plant, for simultaneous production of power and fresh water, including sixteen decision variables is proposed for thermoeconomic optimization in which the goal is minimizing the cost of system product (including the cost of generated electricity and fresh water). The optimization process is performed using a stochastic/deterministic optimization approach namely as Genetic Algorithm. It is found that thermoeconomic optimization aims at reduction of sub-components total costs by reducing either the cost of inefficiency or the cost of owning the components, whichever is dominant. For some components such as evaporators, the improvement is obtained by reducing the owning cost of the sub-system at the cost of reduction of the thermodynamic efficiency. For components like as TVC + de-superheater, improvement is achieved by increasing the thermodynamic efficiency or decreasing the inefficiency cost.
-
multi objective optimization of a vertical ground source heat pump using evolutionary algorithm
Energy Conversion and Management, 2009Co-Authors: Hoseyn Sayyaadi, Emad Hadaddi Amlashi, Majid AmidpourAbstract:Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic optimization of a vertical ground source heat pump system has been studied. A model based on the energy and exergy analysis is presented here. An economic model of the system is developed according to the Total Revenue Requirement (TRR) method. The objective functions based on the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis are developed. The proposed vertical ground source heat pump system including eight decision variables is considered for optimization. An artificial intelligence technique known as evolutionary algorithm (EA) has been utilized as an optimization method. This approach has been applied to minimize either the total levelized cost of the system product or the exergy destruction of the system. Three levels of optimization including thermodynamic single objective, thermoeconomic single objective and multi-objective optimizations are performed. In Multi-objective optimization, both thermodynamic and thermoeconomic objectives are considered, simultaneously. In the case of multi-objective optimization, an example of decision-making process for selection of the final solution from available optimal points on Pareto frontier is presented. The results obtained using the various optimization approaches are compared and discussed. Further, the sensitivity of optimized systems to the interest rate, to the annual number of operating hours and to the electricity cost are studied in detail.
-
optimization of the coupling of pressurized water nuclear reactors and multistage flash desalination plant by evolutionary algorithms and thermoeconomic method
International Journal of Energy Research, 2009Co-Authors: M Khoshgoftar H Manesh, Majid Amidpour, M H HamediAbstract:Thermodynamic simulation programs are widely used for designing complex thermal systems, but most of them do not incorporate second law optimization techniques. In this study, an efficient optimization strategy is presented, which integrates three optimization techniques with a professional power plant and a cogeneration simulator so as to perform exergoeconomic optimization of complex thermal systems and generate combined pinch and exergy representations. This paper deals with the application of an evolutionary algorithm based on NSGA-II to multi-objective thermoeconomic optimization of coupling desalination plant with pressurized water reactor (PWR). In addition, one-objective thermoeconomic optimization through genetic algorithm and mixed integer non-linear mathematical programming methods has been applied for evaluation of multi-objective optimization. The thermodynamic simulation of this plant has been performed in the THERMOFLEX simulator. An Excel Add-in called THERMOFLEX link has been developed to calculate the exergy of each stream from THERMOFLEX simulation results. In addition, a computer code has been developed for thermoeconomic and improved combined pinch–exergy analysis in the MATLAB environment. Also, multi-objective and one-objective evolutionary algorithm optimization has been performed in MATLAB and one-objective mathematical programming has been performed in LINGO software. Both the design configuration and the process variables are optimized simultaneously. The optimization algorithm can choose among several design options included in a superstructure of the feed water heaters and multistage flash desalination in a dual-purpose plant. For the assumptions and simplifications made in this study, a 3000 MWh PWR power plant similar to Bushehr power plant has been considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
