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Juárez Luna David - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Costo de generación eléctrica incorporando externalidades ambientales: Mezcla óptima de tecnologías de carga base
    Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas A.C (IMEF), 2019
    Co-Authors: Gómez-ríos, María Del Carmen, Juárez Luna David
    Abstract:

    (Cost of electric generation accounting for environmental externalities: Optimal mix of baseload technologies)Abstract. This paper aims to calculate the Total Levelized Cost of Generation with Externalities (CTNGE, in Spanish) of three baseload technologies: coal Thermoelectric, combined cycle and nuclear power Plant. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the CTNGE probability densities. The portfolio theory is used to find the mix of technologies that provides the least risky CTNGE and with the lowest average. We find that the nuclear power Plant has the lowest CTNGE. The coal-fired Thermoelectric Plant is the technology with the largest and riskiest CTNGE. The analysis suggests that, when generating electricity, it is convenient to leave out the coal-fired Thermoelectric Plant and focus on two technologies: combined cycle and nuclear power Plant, assigning a higher participation to the latter. One limitation of the work is that the probability densities of the CTNGE estimated through the Monte Carlo simulation depend on the data used. The present analysis suggests that the CTNGE can be significantly modified by including the cost of CO2.El objetivo de este artículo es calcular el Costo Total Nivelado de Generación con Externalidades (CTNGE) de tres tecnologías de carga base: termoeléctrica de carbón, ciclo combinado y central nuclear. Se emplea simulación Monte Carlo para estimar las densidades de probabilidad de los CTNGE. Se emplea la teoría de portafolio para encontrar la mezcla de tecnologías que brinden el CTNGE menos riesgoso y con menor media. Se encuentra que la central nuclear tiene los menores CTNGE. Siendo la termoeléctrica de carbón la tecnología con mayores y más riesgosos CTNGE. El análisis sugiere que, al generar electricidad, conviene dejar fuera a la termoeléctrica de carbón y centrarse en dos tecnologías: ciclo combinado y central nuclear, asignando a ésta última una mayor participación. Una limitante del trabajo es que las densidades de probabilidad de los CTNGE estimadas a través de la simulación Monte Carlo dependen de los datos empleados. El presente análisis sugiere que el CTNGE se puede modificar significativamente al incluir el costo del CO2

  • Costo de generación eléctrica incorporando externalidades ambientales: Mezcla óptima de tecnologías de carga base
    2019
    Co-Authors: Gómez Carmen, Juárez Luna David
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper aims to calculate the Total Levelized Cost of Generation with Externalities (CTNGE, in Spanish) of three baseload technologies: coal Thermoelectric, combined cycle and nuclear power Plant. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the CTNGE probability densities. The portfolio theory is used to find the mix of technologies that provides the least risky CTNGE and with the lowest average. We find that the nuclear power Plant has the lowest CTNGE. The coal-fired Thermoelectric Plant is thetechnology with the largest and riskiest CTNGE. The analysis suggests that, when generating electricity, it is convenient to leave out the coal-fired Thermoelectric Plant and focus on two technologies: combined cycle and nuclear power Plant, assigning a higher participation to the latter. One limitation of the work is that the probability densities of the CTNGE estimated through the Monte Carlo simulation depend on the data used. The present analysis suggests that the CTNGE can be significantly modified by including the cost of CO2.Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es calcular el Costo Total Nivelado de Generación con Externalidades (CTNGE) de tres tecnologías de carga base: termoeléctrica de carbón, ciclo combinado y central nuclear. Se emplea simulación Monte Carlo para estimar las densidades de probabilidad de los CTNGE. Se emplea la teoría de portafolio para encontrar la mezcla de tecnologías que brinden el CTNGE menos riesgoso y con menor media. Se encuentra que la central nuclear tiene los menores CTNGE. Siendo la termoeléctrica de carbón la tecnología con mayores y más riesgosos CTNGE. El análisis sugiere que, al generar electricidad, conviene dejar fuera a la termoeléctrica de carbón y centrarse en dos tecnologías: ciclo combinado y central nuclear, asignando a ésta última una mayor participación. Una limitante del trabajo es que las densidades de probabilidad de los CTNGE estimadas a través de la simulación Monte Carlo dependen de los datos empleados. El presente análisis sugiere que el CTNGE se puede modificar significativamente al incluir el costo del CO2

Micael G Bravosanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • techno economic study of co2 capture of a Thermoelectric Plant using microalgae chlorella vulgaris for production of feedstock for bioenergy
    Energies, 2020
    Co-Authors: Esveidi Montserrat Valdovinosgarcia, Juan Barajasfernandez, Maria De Los Angeles Olanacosta, Moises Abraham Petrizprieto, Adriana Guzmanlopez, Micael G Bravosanchez
    Abstract:

    A current concern is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2, with anthropogenic sources being the main contributors. Microalgae have greater capacity than terrestrial Plants to capture CO2, with this being an attraction for using them as capture systems. This study aims at the techno-economic evaluation of microalgae biomass production, while only considering technologies with industrial scaling potential. Energy consumption and operating costs are considered as parameters for the evaluation. In addition, the capture of CO2 from a Thermoelectric Plant is analyzed, as a carbon source for the cultivation of microalgae. 24 scenarios were evaluated while using process simulation tools (SuperPro Designer), being generated by the combination of cultivations in raceway pond, primary harvest with three types of flocculants, secondary harvest with centrifugation and three filtering technologies, and finally the drying evaluated with Spray and Drum Dryer. Low biomass productivity, 12.7 g/m2/day, was considered, achieving a capture of 102.13 tons of CO2/year in 1 ha for the cultivation area. The scenarios that included centrifugation and vacuum filtration are the ones with the highest energy consumption. The operating costs range from US $ 4.75–6.55/kg of dry biomass. The choice of the best scenario depends on the final use of biomass.

E Perismora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dynamic simulation model of a coal Thermoelectric Plant with a flue gas desulphurisation system
    Energy Policy, 2006
    Co-Authors: Antonio Casellesmoncho, Liliana Ferrandizserrano, E Perismora
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper a Dynamic Simulation Model has been used to present the likely responses of the electricity industries’ latest perturbations such as: changes in environmental regulations, international fuel market evolution, restriction on fuel supply and increase on fuel prices, liberalisation of the European Electricity Market, and the results of applying energy policies and official tools such as taxes and emission allowances. The case under study refers to the Teruel Power Plant, built after the 1970s oil crisis to ensure national electricity supply; burning domestically produced coal in order to ensure local mining activity. The Teruel Power Plant has made relevant investments in order to meet emission limits, such as a Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plant. The economic viability of the power stations has to be analysed after environmental costs have been internalised. A system is defined that studies the coal-firing Electric Power Plant selling energy to the free electricity market, whenever the generation cost is competitive. A Dynamic Simulation Model would appear to be an accurate tool to optimise power station management within different frameworks.

Esveidi Montserrat Valdovinosgarcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • techno economic study of co2 capture of a Thermoelectric Plant using microalgae chlorella vulgaris for production of feedstock for bioenergy
    Energies, 2020
    Co-Authors: Esveidi Montserrat Valdovinosgarcia, Juan Barajasfernandez, Maria De Los Angeles Olanacosta, Moises Abraham Petrizprieto, Adriana Guzmanlopez, Micael G Bravosanchez
    Abstract:

    A current concern is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2, with anthropogenic sources being the main contributors. Microalgae have greater capacity than terrestrial Plants to capture CO2, with this being an attraction for using them as capture systems. This study aims at the techno-economic evaluation of microalgae biomass production, while only considering technologies with industrial scaling potential. Energy consumption and operating costs are considered as parameters for the evaluation. In addition, the capture of CO2 from a Thermoelectric Plant is analyzed, as a carbon source for the cultivation of microalgae. 24 scenarios were evaluated while using process simulation tools (SuperPro Designer), being generated by the combination of cultivations in raceway pond, primary harvest with three types of flocculants, secondary harvest with centrifugation and three filtering technologies, and finally the drying evaluated with Spray and Drum Dryer. Low biomass productivity, 12.7 g/m2/day, was considered, achieving a capture of 102.13 tons of CO2/year in 1 ha for the cultivation area. The scenarios that included centrifugation and vacuum filtration are the ones with the highest energy consumption. The operating costs range from US $ 4.75–6.55/kg of dry biomass. The choice of the best scenario depends on the final use of biomass.

Gajić, Gordana M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ecophysiological adaptations of selected herbaceous Plants growing on the fly ash deposits of Thermoelectric Plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac
    Универзитет у Београду Биолошки факултет, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gajić, Gordana M.
    Abstract:

    Zasnivanje biljnog pokrivača na odlagalištima pepela obezbeđuje fizičku i hemijsku stabilizaciju pepela, sprečava eroziju vetrom i smanjuje disperziju toksičnih hemijskih elemenata u životnu sredinu. Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije su obavljena na području deponije pepela termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla – A' u Obrenovcu i to na pasivnim kasetama (K3 – stara tri godine i K2 – stara jedanaest godina), kao i na kontrolnim staništima (KKo - nasip reke Kolubare; KBb – Botanička bašta „Jevremovac“ u Beogradu i KBk – naselje Bežanijska kosa u Beogradu), a obuhvatala su analize biljaka, kao i supstrata na kojima one rastu. Za ekofiziološka istraživanja bile su odabrane zeljaste biljke koje se obično koriste za biorekultivaciju pepelišta: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 i KBb) i Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 i KKo), kao i vrste koje spontano kolonizuju prostor na deponiji pepela: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 i KKo) i Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 i KBk). Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije je utvrđivanje limitirajućih faktora staništa za nesmetani razvoj biljnog pokrivača, kao i ustanovljavanje ekofizioloških adaptivnih strategija ispitivanih biljaka koje opstaju u uslovima višestrukog stresa na deponiji pepela. Fitocenološka analiza deponije pepela TENT – A u Obrenovcu je pokazala da su na K3 najveću brojnost i pokrovnost imale sejane vrste F. rubra i D. glomerata, dok su na K2 bile dominantne spontano kolonizovane vrste C. epigejos i O. biennis. Tokom vremena na K2 se stvaraju povoljni fizičko - hemijski uslovi za rast i opstanak biljaka na pepelu, što se ogleda u smanjenju procenta ukupnog peska, a povećanju frakcije gline i glina+prah, smanjenju koncentracije rastvorljivih soli, slabo bazne reakcije pepela i povećanju kiselih katjona u adsorptivnom kompleksu, što je u velikoj meri uslovljeno aktivnošću biljaka koje su kolonizovale ovu kasetu. Količina dostupnih oblika K2O je bila najveća na K2, a P2O5 na K3, dok je količina N bila generalno mala. Na deponiji pepela, koncentracije As, B i Cu su bile toksične, (izuzev B na K2), dok su koncentracije Mn i Zn (K2) bile deficitarne. Na deponiji pepela, DTPA – As i DTPA – B, kao i udeo DTPA – dostupnih frakcija u odnosu na ukupan sadržaj ovih elemenata je bio velik, što ukazuje na potencijalna strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja biljaka vezana za njihovu toksičnost...Establishment of Plant cover on fly ash deposits provides the physical and chemical stabilization of ash, prevents wind erosion and reduces dispersion of toxic chemical elements in the environment. Research within this thesis was carried out in the area of the fly ash deposits Thermoelectric Plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac: passive cassette (K3 - three years old and K2 - eleven years old), as well as the control sites (KKo - embankment of the river Kolubara; KBb - Botanical Gardens "Jevremovac" in Belgrade and KBK - settlement Bežanijska kosa in Belgrade), and included analysis of Plants, as well as the substrate on which they grow. For ecophysiological studies were selected herbaceous Plants which are commonly used for the biorecultivation on the fly ash: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 and KBb) and Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 and KKo), as well as species that spontaneously colonized space in fly ash deposits: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 and KKo) and Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 and KBk). The main objective of the doctoral dissertation is to determine the limiting factors of site for the smooth development of the vegetation cover, as well as the establishment of ecophysiological adaptive strategies of examined Plants that survive in conditions of multiple stress on the fly ash. Phytocoenological analysis of the fly ash deposit TENT - A in Obrenovac showed that on the K3, the largest number and coverage had sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata, while on the K2 were spontaneously colonized dominant species C. epigejos and O. biennis. Over time, on the K2 to create good physico - chemical conditions for the growth and survival of Plants in the fly ashes, which is reflected in the reduction of the percentage of total sand, and increasing fractions of clay and clay + powder, reducing the concentration of soluble salts, weak base reactions of fly ash and increasing acidic cation of the adsorptive complex, which is largely conditioned by the activity of the Plants that have colonized this disposal site. The content of available forms of K2O was the highest on the K2, and P2O5 on the K3, while the content of N was generally small. On the fly ash deposit sites, the concentrations of As, B and Cu were toxic (except B on the K2), while concentrations of Mn and Zn (K2) were in deficiency..

  • Ecophysiological adaptations of selected herbaceous Plants growing on the fly ash deposits of Thermoelectric Plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac
    Belgrade: University of Belgrade Faculty of Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gajić, Gordana M.
    Abstract:

    Zasnivanje biljnog pokrivača na odlagalištima pepela obezbeđuje fizičku i hemijsku stabilizaciju pepela, sprečava eroziju vetrom i smanjuje disperziju toksičnih hemijskih elemenata u životnu sredinu. Istraživanja u okviru ove disertacije su obavljena na području deponije pepela termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla – A' u Obrenovcu i to na pasivnim kasetama (K3 – stara tri godine i K2 – stara jedanaest godina), kao i na kontrolnim staništima (KKo - nasip reke Kolubare; KBb – Botanička bašta „Jevremovac“ u Beogradu i KBk – naselje Bežanijska kosa u Beogradu), a obuhvatala su analize biljaka, kao i supstrata na kojima one rastu. Za ekofiziološka istraživanja bile su odabrane zeljaste biljke koje se obično koriste za biorekultivaciju pepelišta: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 i KBb) i Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 i KKo), kao i vrste koje spontano kolonizuju prostor na deponiji pepela: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 i KKo) i Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 i KBk). Osnovni cilj doktorske disertacije je utvrđivanje limitirajućih faktora staništa za nesmetani razvoj biljnog pokrivača, kao i ustanovljavanje ekofizioloških adaptivnih strategija ispitivanih biljaka koje opstaju u uslovima višestrukog stresa na deponiji pepela. Fitocenološka analiza deponije pepela TENT – A u Obrenovcu je pokazala da su na K3 najveću brojnost i pokrovnost imale sejane vrste F. rubra i D. glomerata, dok su na K2 bile dominantne spontano kolonizovane vrste C. epigejos i O. biennis. Tokom vremena na K2 se stvaraju povoljni fizičko - hemijski uslovi za rast i opstanak biljaka na pepelu, što se ogleda u smanjenju procenta ukupnog peska, a povećanju frakcije gline i glina+prah, smanjenju koncentracije rastvorljivih soli, slabo bazne reakcije pepela i povećanju kiselih katjona u adsorptivnom kompleksu, što je u velikoj meri uslovljeno aktivnošću biljaka koje su kolonizovale ovu kasetu. Količina dostupnih oblika K2O je bila najveća na K2, a P2O5 na K3, dok je količina N bila generalno mala. Na deponiji pepela, koncentracije As, B i Cu su bile toksične, (izuzev B na K2), dok su koncentracije Mn i Zn (K2) bile deficitarne. Na deponiji pepela, DTPA – As i DTPA – B, kao i udeo DTPA – dostupnih frakcija u odnosu na ukupan sadržaj ovih elemenata je bio velik, što ukazuje na potencijalna strukturna i funkcionalna oštećenja biljaka vezana za njihovu toksičnost. Količina DTPA – Cu, DTPA – Mn i DTPA – Zn, kao i udeo DTPA – dostupnih frakcija u odnosu na ukupan sadržaj istih je bio mali, te rastvorna količina koja je dostupna biljkama može biti odgovorna za metabolička oštećenja vezana za njihov deficit. Na deponiji pepela u listovima ispitivanih biljaka bile su izmerene toksične koncentracije As i B, izuzev B kod C. epigejos. Koncentracije Mn i Zn u listovima svih biljaka su bile u deficitu, dok je Cu bio na granici deficita, osim kod O. biennis. Sejane vrste F. rubra i D. glomerata se odlikuju smanjenim kapacitetom transporta As, Cu i Mn iz korenova u listove (BCF1). Zn se kod svih ispitivanih biljaka na deponiji pepela nalazi u većoj količini u korenu u odnosu na listove (izuzev kod O. biennis, K2), dok se B i Mo efikasno transportuju u listove. Efikasnost fotosinteze kod svih biljaka na deponiji pepela je bila ispod optimalnog opsega, što ukazuje na fotoinhibiciju fotosistema II (PSII) i smanjenu vitalnost. Količina hlorofila i karotenoida je u listovima svih ispitivanih biljaka bila manja u odnosu na kontrolna staništa, dok je količina antocijana u listovima F. rubra bila najveća na K3. Količina malondialdehida (MDA) je bila veća u listovima svih ispitivanih biljaka na deponiji pepela, što ukazuje da su one izložene oksidativnom stresu. Količina fenola, askorbinske kiseline (AsA) i ukupna DPPH antioksidativna aktivnost bile su velike kod svih biljaka koje rastu na pepelištu, što ukazuje na sposobnost aktivacije adaptivnih mehanizama zaštite. Na deponiji pepela, vrsta O. biennis se najviše razlikuje od ostalih biljaka po većoj količini vezanih fenola (VF) i ukupnoj DPPH antioksidativnoj aktivnosti. Morfološke promene listova biljaka bile su izražene u vidu hloroza i nekroza izazvanih toksičnim sadržajem As i B, kao i deficitarnim koncentracijama Cu, Mn i Zn. Sejane vrste F. rubra i D. glomerata su značajne tokom prve faze biološke rekultivacije, jer stabilizuju pepeo dobro razvijenim korenovim sistemom i u uslovima stresa poseduju potencijal aktivacije antioksidativne zaštite. Međutim, tokom vremena spontano kolonizovane vrste C. epigejos i O. biennis osvajaju prostor deponije pepela, zahvaljujući dobro razvijenom multirizomskom sistemu, velikoj količini viabilnih semena i ekofiziološkim adaptacijama koje im omogućavaju rast i opstanak u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine, što ih čini pogodnim za revitalizaciju pepelišta.Establishment of Plant cover on fly ash deposits provides the physical and chemical stabilization of ash, prevents wind erosion and reduces dispersion of toxic chemical elements in the environment. Research within this thesis was carried out in the area of the fly ash deposits Thermoelectric Plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac: passive cassette (K3 - three years old and K2 - eleven years old), as well as the control sites (KKo - embankment of the river Kolubara; KBb - Botanical Gardens "Jevremovac" in Belgrade and KBK - settlement Bežanijska kosa in Belgrade), and included analysis of Plants, as well as the substrate on which they grow. For ecophysiological studies were selected herbaceous Plants which are commonly used for the biorecultivation on the fly ash: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 and KBb) and Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 and KKo), as well as species that spontaneously colonized space in fly ash deposits: Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 and KKo) and Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 and KBk). The main objective of the doctoral dissertation is to determine the limiting factors of site for the smooth development of the vegetation cover, as well as the establishment of ecophysiological adaptive strategies of examined Plants that survive in conditions of multiple stress on the fly ash. Phytocoenological analysis of the fly ash deposit TENT - A in Obrenovac showed that on the K3, the largest number and coverage had sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata, while on the K2 were spontaneously colonized dominant species C. epigejos and O. biennis. Over time, on the K2 to create good physico - chemical conditions for the growth and survival of Plants in the fly ashes, which is reflected in the reduction of the percentage of total sand, and increasing fractions of clay and clay + powder, reducing the concentration of soluble salts, weak base reactions of fly ash and increasing acidic cation of the adsorptive complex, which is largely conditioned by the activity of the Plants that have colonized this disposal site. The content of available forms of K2O was the highest on the K2, and P2O5 on the K3, while the content of N was generally small. On the fly ash deposit sites, the concentrations of As, B and Cu were toxic (except B on the K2), while concentrations of Mn and Zn (K2) were in deficiency. On the fly ash deposit sites, DTPA - As and DTPA - B, and the percentage of DTPA - available fraction of the total content of these elements was large, indicating the potentialy structural and functional damage to Plants related to their toxicity. The content of DTPA - Cu, DTPA - Mn, DTPA - Zn as well as the percentage of DTPA - the available fraction of Cu, Mn and Zn of the total content was small, and the soluble content which is accessible to the Plants may be responsible for the metabolic disorders related to their deficiency. Thus, on the fly ash deposit sites, toxic concentrations As and B in leaves of examined Plants were measured, with the exception of B in C. epigejos. The concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of all Plants were deficient, while Cu was on the deficiency limit, except for O. biennis. Sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata are characterized by a reduced transport capacity of As, Cu and Mn from roots to leaves (BCF1), while in other species, Se is efficiently transported to the leaves (BCF>1, TF>1). In all the species examined at the disposal site, greater amount of Zn is retained in the roots (except in O. biennis, K2), while B and Mo are efficiently transported to the leaves. Photosynthetic efficiency of all Plants which grow on fly ash deposits was below the optimum range, which indicates on photoinhibition of photosytem II (PSII) and decreased vitality. The chlorophyll and carotenoids content in leaves of all Plants was lower compared to the control site, while the anthocyanins content in leaves of F. rubra was the highest on the K3. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was higher in leaves of all Plants at fly ash deposits, indicating that they were exposed to oxidative stress. The phenolics content, ascorbic acid (AsA) and total DPPH antioxidant activity was high in all Plants, indicating the ability to activate the protective adaptive mechanisms. Species O. biennis is the most different from the other species by the higher content of bound phenolics (BPh) and the total DPPH antioxidant activity. Morphological changes in Plant leaves were expressed in the form of chlorosis and necrosis caused by toxic levels of As and B, as well as deficient concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn. Sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata are important in the first stage of biological cultivation, because their well-developed root system stabilizes the substrate. Furthermore, under conditions of stress they have the potential to activate antioxidant protection. However, over time, spontaneously colonized species C. epigejos and O. biennis have conquered the area of fly ash. This was made possible by their welldeveloped multirhizome system, large amount of viable seeds and ecophysiological adaptations that enable them to grow and survive in adverse environmental conditions. These traits make them suitable for the revitalization of fly ash