The Experts below are selected from a list of 17889 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Samuel B Lehrer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
Mohsen Torabi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energetic and entropic analyses of double-diffusive, forced convection heat and mass transfer in microreactors assisted with nanofluid
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019Co-Authors: David G. P. Guthrie, Mohsen Torabi, Nader KarimiAbstract:This paper investigates the energetic and entropic characteristics of a microchannel with Thick Walls. A first-order, catalytic chemical reaction is imposed on the inner surfaces of the microchannel Walls, and local thermal non-equilibrium approach is employed to analyse heat transfer within the porous section of the microchannel. Further, endo-/exothermic physicochemical processes are incorporated into the fluid phase and solid structure of the microchannel. Two models describing the fluid–porous interface conditions known as Models A and B are incorporated. It is shown that for both interface models, and with the considered parametric values, the optimum Thickness of the porous insert to achieve the maximum Nu is around 0.6. However, when PEC is considered, this optimum Thickness may vary between 0 and 0.5. It is further shown that depending on the specification of the microreactor, either Model A or B may result in the prediction of the minimum total entropy generation rate. It is also demonstrated that by altering the endothermicity of the microreactor it is possible to find an optimal value, which minimizes the total rate of entropy generation.
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two dimensional analytical investigation of coupled heat and mass transfer and entropy generation in a porous catalytic microreactor
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018Co-Authors: Graeme Hunt, Nader Karimi, Mohsen TorabiAbstract:Abstract Influences of the solid body of microreactors (or the microstructure) upon the transfer processes and hence on the performance of microreactors have been recently emphasised. Nonetheless, the subtle connections between microstructure design and micro-transport phenomena are still largely unknown. To resolve this, the current paper presents an analytical study of the advective-diffusive transport phenomena in a microreactor filled with porous media and with catalytic surfaces. The system under investigation includes the fluid and porous solid phases inside a microchannel with Thick Walls and subject to uneven thermal loads. The thermal diffusion of mass, viscous dissipation of the flow momentum and local thermal non-equilibrium in the porous medium are considered. The axial variations of heat and mass transfer processes are also taken into account and two-dimensional solutions of the temperature and concentration fields are provided. The local and total entropy generation within the system are further calculated. The results clearly demonstrate the major influences of Thick Walls on the thermal behaviour and subsequently on the mass transfer and entropy generation of the microreactor. In particular, the Nusselt number is shown to be strongly dependent upon the configuration of microstructure such that it decreases significantly by Thickening the Walls. The results also demonstrate that for finite Soret numbers the total irreversibility of the system is dominated by the Soret effect. The analytical results of this work can be further used for the validation of future numerical analyses of microreactors.
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Entropy Generation of Double Diffusive Forced Convection in Porous Channels with Thick Walls and Soret Effect
Entropy, 2017Co-Authors: Mohsen Torabi, Mehrdad Torabi, G P PetersonAbstract:The second law performance of double diffusive forced convection in a horizontal porous channel with Thick Walls was considered. The Soret effect is included in the concentration equation and the first order chemical reaction was chosen for the concentration boundary conditions at the porous-solid Walls interfaces. This investigation is focused on two principal types of boundary conditions. The first assumes a constant temperature condition at the outer surfaces of the solid Walls, and the second assumes a constant heat flux at the lower wall and convection heat transfer at the upper wall. After obtaining the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, the local and total entropy generation formulations were used to visualize the second law performance of the two cases. The results indicate that the total entropy generation rate is directly related to the lower wall Thickness. Interestingly, it was observed that the total entropy generation rate for the second case reaches a minimum value, if the upper and lower wall Thicknesses are chosen correctly. However, this observation was not true for the first case. These analyses can be useful for the design of microreactors and microcombustor systems when the second law analysis is taken into account.
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On the effects of internal heat sources upon forced convection in porous channels with asymmetric Thick Walls
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016Co-Authors: Alexander Elliott, Mohsen Torabi, Nader Karimi, Samia CunninghamAbstract:Abstract Thermal behaviour of a porous channel with Thick, solid Walls featuring uneven wall Thicknesses and asymmetric external thermal boundary conditions is analysed theoretically. The system is under forced convection and the fluid and solid phases in this configuration include internal heat sources with varying strengths. Two types of asymmetric boundary conditions are considered. These include constant but different prescribed temperatures on the upper and lower solid Walls and a combination of constant heat flux and convective boundary conditions on the two sides of the channel. The Darcy–Brinkman model of momentum transport and the two-equation energy model are utilised to develop analytical solutions for the temperature fields and Nusselt number. A comprehensive parametric study is, subsequently, conducted. The results clearly show the pronounced effect of the internal heat sources upon the Nusselt number and temperature fields of the system. In particular, the existence of these source terms intensifies the occurrence of a bifurcation phenomenon in the temperature fields. In keeping with the recent literature, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of internal heat sources leads to deviations from the local thermal equilibrium. Nonetheless, the results imply that the extent of these deviations depends on the thermal boundary conditions and also the specific phase in which heat is generated or consumed.
Nader Karimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energetic and entropic analyses of double-diffusive, forced convection heat and mass transfer in microreactors assisted with nanofluid
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019Co-Authors: David G. P. Guthrie, Mohsen Torabi, Nader KarimiAbstract:This paper investigates the energetic and entropic characteristics of a microchannel with Thick Walls. A first-order, catalytic chemical reaction is imposed on the inner surfaces of the microchannel Walls, and local thermal non-equilibrium approach is employed to analyse heat transfer within the porous section of the microchannel. Further, endo-/exothermic physicochemical processes are incorporated into the fluid phase and solid structure of the microchannel. Two models describing the fluid–porous interface conditions known as Models A and B are incorporated. It is shown that for both interface models, and with the considered parametric values, the optimum Thickness of the porous insert to achieve the maximum Nu is around 0.6. However, when PEC is considered, this optimum Thickness may vary between 0 and 0.5. It is further shown that depending on the specification of the microreactor, either Model A or B may result in the prediction of the minimum total entropy generation rate. It is also demonstrated that by altering the endothermicity of the microreactor it is possible to find an optimal value, which minimizes the total rate of entropy generation.
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On the effects of internal heat sources upon forced convection in porous channels with asymmetric Thick Walls
International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016Co-Authors: Alexander Elliott, Mohsen Torabi, Nader Karimi, Samia CunninghamAbstract:Abstract Thermal behaviour of a porous channel with Thick, solid Walls featuring uneven wall Thicknesses and asymmetric external thermal boundary conditions is analysed theoretically. The system is under forced convection and the fluid and solid phases in this configuration include internal heat sources with varying strengths. Two types of asymmetric boundary conditions are considered. These include constant but different prescribed temperatures on the upper and lower solid Walls and a combination of constant heat flux and convective boundary conditions on the two sides of the channel. The Darcy–Brinkman model of momentum transport and the two-equation energy model are utilised to develop analytical solutions for the temperature fields and Nusselt number. A comprehensive parametric study is, subsequently, conducted. The results clearly show the pronounced effect of the internal heat sources upon the Nusselt number and temperature fields of the system. In particular, the existence of these source terms intensifies the occurrence of a bifurcation phenomenon in the temperature fields. In keeping with the recent literature, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of internal heat sources leads to deviations from the local thermal equilibrium. Nonetheless, the results imply that the extent of these deviations depends on the thermal boundary conditions and also the specific phase in which heat is generated or consumed.
W. Elliott Horner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
Estelle Levetin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
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basidiospore allergen release elution from intact spores
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993Co-Authors: W. Elliott Horner, Estelle Levetin, Samuel B LehrerAbstract:Abstract Background: We sought to test the hypothesis that allergens are readily released by intact basidiospores in vitro and that different species release allergens in different patterns that are related to spore wall structure. Methods: To assess basidiospore allergen releasability, basidiospore allergens were extracted from disrupted spores and eluted from intact spores, and the allergenic potency of the extracts and eluates was compared in Calvatia cyathiformis , Psilocybe cubensis , Lentinus edodes , and Pleurotus ostreatus . Results: There was a significant species difference; on the basis of dry weight, the yield of extract and eluates from Pl. ostreatus greatly exceeded the yield from C. cyathiformis extract and eluates. As measured by RAST inhibition, the allergenic potency of Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore eluates reached the potency of disrupted spore extract in less than 4 hours. Allergen potency of Ps. cubensis and C. cyathiformis eluate approached the potency of disrupted spore extract only after 8 and 24 hours. Allergen staining intensity in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis IgE immunoblot correlated with RAST activity. C. cyathiformis and Ps. cubensis spores have Thick Walls, whereas Pl. ostreatus and L. edodes spore Walls are thin and hyaline (nonpigmented). Thus spore allergen release may relate to spore wall characteristics. Conclusions: These studies indicate that intact basidiospores of all four species release allergens, but the release patterns differ by species, and these differences may be clinically significant.
