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Suleyman Kizil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • determination of yield and yield components in wild thyme Thymbra spicata l var spicata as influenced by development stages
    Horticultural Science, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ozlem Toncer, Suleyman Kizil
    Abstract:

    Thymbra spicata var. spicata, which grows wildly in the flora of Turkey, is known as thyme. A field trial was conducted to determine suitable harvesting time and cutting height for Thymbra , therefore plants in the trial were harvested at two cutting heights in various stages of development in the course of the growing season (pre-flowering, full-flowering and post-flowering). It was determined that the time of harvesting had a significant effect on herbage yields, oil percentage and oil yield. The highest drug leaf yield (3.107 t/ha) was obtained in the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting length, essential oil percentage ranged from 1.58 to 2.33%, the highest essential oil yield (70.7 l/ha) was obtained at the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting length. As a result of this study, harvesting in the full-flowering stage with 10 cm cutting height was the best treatment in respect of the yield of dry matter and oil for thyme (Thymbra spicata) cultivation.

  • diurnal variation effects in essential oils of wild thyme Thymbra spicata var spicata l under cultivation conditions
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ozlem Toncer, Sengul Karaman, Emel Diraz, Tahsin Sogut, Suleyman Kizil
    Abstract:

    AbstractThere are many folkloric uses of Thymbra spicata var. spicata. Very few thyme species are found in semi-arid climatic conditions. T. spicata is one among these which is not under cultivation anywhere. The essential oil of plant possesses high antibacterial and antioxidant properties due to presence of large amounts of phenolic components. The aim of this study was to verify the variation of essential oil and its composition among 12 different populations harvested every three hours in a day (from 06:00 to 21:00 h) along 24 hours for Thymbra spicata var. spicata on May 30, 2013. The essential oil of samples were analysed by GC-MS/FID. The results, proved that essential oil content of T. spicata var. spicata harvested at different times varied and ranged 2.02 to 5.04% such that the amount of essential oil content increased around noon (reaching its maximum at 12:00 h) followed by a decrease in afternoon hours. The essential oil of T. spicata var. spicata was analysed and a total of 20 components rep...

  • variation of agronomical characteristics and essential oil components of zahter Thymbra spicata l var spicata populations in semi arid climatic conditions
    Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 2015
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Kizil, Ozlem Toncer, Emel Diraz, Sengul Karaman
    Abstract:

    Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata is grown naturally in semi-arid climatic conditions of Turkey. The seeds of wild populations collected from various regions were cultivated under arid climatic conditions of Diyarbakir in South East Anatolian region of Turkey. Components of hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from air dried aerial parts of T. spicata were identified and compared using gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometer. Fresh herbage yields of populations ranged 4925 kg ha-1 to 13275 kg ha-1, dry herbage yield varied between 2035 to 4782 kg ha-1 and dry leaf yield ranged 1347 kg ha-1 to 3364 kg ha-1. Essential oil contents of T. spicata populations in dry herb ranged 2.25% to 4.65%. The total oil content of plants and the percentage contribution of the major oil constituents, carvacrol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene, varied remarkably among localities. The highest carvacrol content was found in the population collected from Diyarbakir-Dicle (97.9%). The results indicated that agronomic characteristics, essential oils and chemical compositions of T. spicata are affected by environmental, genetic and agronomic practices under cultivation conditions. Keywords: Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata, populations, cultivation, essential oil, carvacrol

  • biological activities of origanum satureja Thymbra and thymus species grown in turkey
    Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 2014
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Kizil, Nesrin Hasimi, Veysel Tolan
    Abstract:

    In the present study, seven thyme species Origanum onites, O. vulgare var. hirtum, O. vulgare var. gracile, O. syriacum, Satureja hortensis, Thymbra spicata, and Thymus vulgaris were used. The essential oils of these plants were obtained by the hydrodistillation method. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils against microorganisms, including multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria, were investigated using the disc diffusion method. All the essential oils used in this study were very effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which included multiple resistant strains. All essential oils tested were especially very effective against Streptococcus pyogenes. The maximum antimicrobial activity was observed with the essential oils of S. hortensis. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils varied depending on the species. In fact, the essential oils of some thyme species showed different levels of antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity results show that the percentage...

  • determination of essential oil variations of Thymbra spicata var spicata l naturally growing in the wild flora of east mediterranean and southeastern anatolia regions of turkey
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2010
    Co-Authors: Suleyman Kizil
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thymbra spicata var. spicata is an important medicinal and aromatic plant species growing wild in various parts of Turkey with high significance in pharmaceutical and food industry. It makes it important to know the factors affecting higher yields of essential oil and possible influence of its mineral elements on pharmacological characteristics. This study was carried out to determine variations among seeds, mineral element content of herbs, yield of essential oils and oil composition of T. spicata accessions collected from 30 different locations lying at an altitude of 121–1249 m in Southeastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. Essential oils from aerial parts of T. spicata were obtained by hydro-distillation and their components were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results showed that Thymbra herbages were rich in microelements Al, Ca, Mg, Na and P. Essential oil composition of the samples ranged 1.57–3.27% with characterisation of two different chemotypes. The samples collected from Diyarbakir-Kulp location had 53% (approx.) γ-terpinene in their essential oil, whereas, the other samples had carvacrol as dominant chemical component with a range of 49.7–94.5%. It is planned to select T. spicata populations and introduce them as cultivars with high essential oil, fresh and dry herbage yield.

Huseyin Bozkurt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of the effects of sesame and Thymbra spicata oil during the manufacturing of turkish dry fermented sausage
    Food Control, 2007
    Co-Authors: Huseyin Bozkurt
    Abstract:

    Abstract Effects of sesame, Thymbra spicata oil and BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene) on the quality and safety (pH, biogenic amine, TBARS values, colour and sensory attributes) of Turkish dry-fermented sausage were investigated during the ripening periods. A sharp decrease ( P  BHT (S2) > sesame oil (S4) >  Thymbra spicata oil (S3). Histamine and tyramine concentrations were highest ( P P Thymbra spicata and sesame oil added recipes. The most acceptable recipes were found to be the sesame oil added recipes with respect to their highest overall sensory quality scores. The order of acceptability was found to be S4 = S3 = S2 > S1. The pH, L , b , and YI-values were not significantly changed ( P  > 0.05) by the addition of Thymbra spicata oil, sesame oil, and BHT. These results indicated that the most effective antioxidant was found to be Thymbra spicata oil. This study pointed out that natural antioxidants could be easily utilized in sausages to enhance quality and get safe products.

Prosi Rainer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Oktay Yegen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • seasonal variations in the chemical compositions of essential oils of selected aromatic plants growing wild in turkey
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Frank J Mullerriebau, Bernhard M Berger, Oktay Yegen, C Cakir
    Abstract:

    The summer leaves of Thymbra spicata var. spicata and Satureja Thymbra, two Labiatae aromatic shrubs growing wild in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey, and, in addition, the leaves of Salvia fruticosa, Mentha pulegium, Laurus nobilis, and Inula viscosa were collected in 4-week intervals to follow plant development and essential oil composition. The essential oils extracted from leaves (and flowering tops) were estimated during the growing season by means of GC-FID, and 19 terpenic constituents were identified. The changes in the essential oil content (quantity and composition) varied for all six plant species, according to corresponding environmental and growth factors and the major adaptive strategy toward summer drought that each plant species has evolved. The concentration of the fungitoxic components in the essential oils of Thymbra spicata and Satureja Thymbra, the phenolic constituents carvacrol and thymol, were low in the early phenological stage and increased gradually with plant development. The maximum was reached in June/July, shortly after flowering. Taking this into account, the harvest of these two species in order to obtain their essential oils offers acceptable economic possibilities for their use as a natural fungicide. The main compounds of the essential oils found in Salvia fruticosa, Laurus nobilis, and Mentha pulegium were the oxygen-containing monoterpenes 1,8-cineole and pulegone, respectively, and a periodic increase and decrease in their concentrations was observed. The essential oil of Inula viscosa contained only small amounts of some of the investigated components. The best time of harvest to gain the essential oils with the highest active ingredients is July for Thymbra spicata, Satureja Thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, and Mentha pulegium (Labiatae) and September for Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae).

  • chemical composition and fungitoxic properties to phytopathogenic fungi of essential oils of selected aromatic plants growing wild in turkey
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1995
    Co-Authors: Frank J Mullerriebau, Bernhard M Berger, Oktay Yegen
    Abstract:

    Essential oils of Thymbra spicata, Satureja Thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Inula viscosa, Pimpinella anisum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Origanum minitiflorum plants growing wild in southern Turkey were investigated by means of GC-FID, and 20 components were identified. The main ones were γ-terpinene, p-cymene, thymol, and carvacrol as well as 1,8-cineole, pulegone, and anethole. Biological assays showed that fungitoxicity against the soil-borne plant disease-causing fungi Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora capsici was due to different concentrations of the phenolic fraction (especially thymol and/or carvacrol) in the essential oils.

Mauss Volker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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