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Tsunekatsu Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postictal elevation of prolactin levels after psychic auras evidence for seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
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Postictal Elevation of Prolactin Levels After Psychic Auras‐Evidence for Seizure Discharges Involving Mesolimbic Structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
Sumio Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postictal elevation of prolactin levels after psychic auras evidence for seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
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Postictal Elevation of Prolactin Levels After Psychic Auras‐Evidence for Seizure Discharges Involving Mesolimbic Structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
Shigeki Takei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postictal elevation of prolactin levels after psychic auras evidence for seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
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Postictal Elevation of Prolactin Levels After Psychic Auras‐Evidence for Seizure Discharges Involving Mesolimbic Structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
Naohiro Yokoyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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postictal elevation of prolactin levels after psychic auras evidence for seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
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Postictal Elevation of Prolactin Levels After Psychic Auras‐Evidence for Seizure Discharges Involving Mesolimbic Structures
Epilepsia, 1998Co-Authors: Sumio Hara, Shigeki Takei, Naohiro Yokoyama, Tsunekatsu HaraAbstract:Purpose: The postictal elevation of prolactin (PRL) levels results from the spread of ictal discharges involving mesolimbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), via the ventral amygdalofugal pathway to the hypothalamus. To determine whether the mesolimbic structures are involved, we measured postictal PRL levels after simple partial seizures (SPSs) with psychic symptoms (psychic auras), and compared them with those after complex partial seizures (CPSs), 80% of which have been reported to show significant postictal elevations of PRL. Methods: Serum PRL levels were measured 15, 30, and 60 min after each ictus. Samples were obtained for the baseline values when patients had been seizure free for 12 h. We regarded motionless stares followed by automatisms as CPSs, and we depended on the patient's description for the occurrence of psychic auras. Results: Seven patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (four men and three women; mean age, 41.4 years; range, 25–70 years; laterality of focus, right: left: bilateral = 4:1:2) were studied. Six CPSs (in five patients) and six SPSs (in three patients) were detected. In one patient, both types of seizures were analyzed on separate occasions. The CPSs observed were either gestural or oral automatisms. The described psychic auras consisted of types such as complex visual hallucinations (n = 4), ictal fear (n = 4), deja vu (n = 2), depersonalization (n = 2), macropsia (n = 1), and distortion of Sense of Time (n = 1). The total number of psychic aura types was greater than six (the number of SPSs with psychic symptoms) because any single episode had multiple types of auras. That is, the sequences of psychic aura types were as follows: ictal fear→depersonalization→complex visual hallucination; ictal fear→depersonalization; ictal fear→deja vu; deja vu→complex visual hallucination; macropsia→complex visual hallucination→distortion of Time Sense; and ictal fear-complen visual hallucination. Postictal PRL levels invariably reached their peaks at 15 min. Mean 15-min postictal PRL levels (for CPSs and SPSs with psychic symptoms, 45.6 and 46.7 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the mean baselines (9.6 and 9.9 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.02. paired t test). Conclusions: In this study, the mean 15–min postictal PRL levels for SPSs with psychic symptoms (4.9 Times as high as the baseline) were significantly increased to the same extent as those for CPSs (4.6 Times as high as the baseline). Although some investigators assert that ictal discharges confined to the temporal neocortical region can elicit psychic auras, our results are indicative of seizure discharges involving mesolimbic structures in the development of psychic auras.
Hyukjun Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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singular perturbation for sampled data systems with fast subsystems this work was partially supported by korea electric power corporation through korea electrical engineering science research institute grant number r15xa03 47 global research laborato
IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2017Co-Authors: Hyungbo Shim, Hyukjun ChangAbstract:Abstract We present a sampled-data version of the well-known Tikhonov’s theorem on singular perturbation theory. In particular, we claim that the nonlinear sampled-data systems with fast subsystems can be treated as a singularly perturbed system in a discrete-Time Sense. In this case, we show that the sampling period can be considered as a singular perturbation parameter. Following the nomenclature of the singular perturbation theory, we define the degenerate (DG) system and the boundary-layer (BL) system and obtain the solution of the sampled-data system as an approximation of the solutions of the lower-order subsystems. Finally, a simple example, sampled-data implementation of disturbance observer, is included to validate the theory.
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Singular Perturbation for Sampled-Data Systems With Fast Subsystems * *This work was partially supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation through Korea Electrical Engineering & Science Research Institute [grant number:R15XA03-47], Global Research
IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2017Co-Authors: Hyeonjun Yun, Hyungbo Shim, Hyukjun ChangAbstract:Abstract We present a sampled-data version of the well-known Tikhonov’s theorem on singular perturbation theory. In particular, we claim that the nonlinear sampled-data systems with fast subsystems can be treated as a singularly perturbed system in a discrete-Time Sense. In this case, we show that the sampling period can be considered as a singular perturbation parameter. Following the nomenclature of the singular perturbation theory, we define the degenerate (DG) system and the boundary-layer (BL) system and obtain the solution of the sampled-data system as an approximation of the solutions of the lower-order subsystems. Finally, a simple example, sampled-data implementation of disturbance observer, is included to validate the theory.
