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Bernd Lehmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formation of Tin Ore deposits: A reassessment
Lithos, 2020Co-Authors: Bernd LehmannAbstract:Abstract About 85% of all historically mined Tin of about 27 million tonnes Sn is from a few Tin Ore provinces within larger granite belts. These are, in decreasing importance, Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar), South China, the Central Andes (Bolivia, southern Peru) and Cornwall, UK. Primary Tin Ore deposits are part of magmatic-hydrothermal systems invariably related to late granite phases (Tin granites, pegmatites, Tin porphyries), and may become dispersed by exogenic processes and then eventually form placer deposits within a few km from their primary source, due to the density of cassiterite, its hardness and chemical stability. Alluvial placer deposits were usually the starTing point for Tin mining, and have provided at least half of all Tin mined. The small-volume and late granite phases in spatial, temporal and chemical relationship to Tin Ore deposits are highly fractionated. Systematic element distribution patterns in these granite phases and their associated much larger multiphase granite systems suggest fractional crystallization as the main petrogenetic process controlling magmatic evolution and magmatic Tin enrichment. Oxidation state controls the bulk Tin distribution coefficient, with low oxidation state favoring incompatible behavior of divalent Tin. Low oxidation state is also mineralogically expressed by accessory ilmenite (FeO TiO2) as opposed to accessory magnetite (FeO Fe2O3) in mOre oxidized melt systems. This difference in the accessory mineralogy and hence metallogenic potential (Tin-bearing ilmenite-series versus barren magnetite-series granites), can be easily detected in the field by a hand-held magnetic susceptibility meter. The hydrothermal system is a conTinuation of the magmatic evolution trend and necessary consequence of the crystallization of a hydrous melt. The exsolved highly saline aqueous fluid phase, enriched in boron and/or fluorine plus a wide metal spectrum, can be accomodated and stOred by the intergranular space in crystallized melt portions, or accumulate in larger physical domains, accompanied by focused release of mechanical energy (brecciation, vein formation), dependent on emplacement depth (pressure). The hydrothermal mobility of Tin is largely as Sn2+-chloride complexes; the precipitation of Tin as cassiterite involves oxidation. Tin typically characterizes the inner high-temperature part of much larger km-sized zoned magmatic-hydrothermal systems with the chemical signature Sn-W-Cu-As-Bi in the inner part (greisen, vein/stockwork/breccia systems, skarn) and a broader halo with vein- or replacement-style Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb-Au-U mineralization of lower temperature. This zoning pattern may also occur telescoped on each other. Active conTinental margins are the favorable site for both copper (−gold) and Tin (−tungsten) systems. However, the narrowly segmented metal endowment and the episodic nature of Ore formation suggest additional controls. These are the build-up of a subduction-derived metal and fluid inventory in the lower conTinental crust by flat-slab subduction (very little magmatism) for copper‑gold in the main arc, followed by large-scale intracrustal melTing during mantle upwelling in the back arc for Tin (chemically reduced reservoir rocks) and/or tungsten mineralization (less sensitive to oxidation state).
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Metallogeny of Tin
1991Co-Authors: Bernd LehmannAbstract:Petrological framework.- Magmatic enrichment of Tin.- Hydrothermal redistribution.- Regional element distribution patterns and the problem of pregranitic Tin enrichments.- Model of Tin Ore formation.
Pitulima Janiar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimasi Kelayakan Penambangan Bijih Timah Blok Kemingking, Desa Kemingking, Kecamatan Sungai Selan PT Mitra Stania Prima
Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung, 2020Co-Authors: Daryono Yuli, Mardiah Mardiah, Pitulima JaniarAbstract:The mining industry is in need of a good planning so that the planned production targets can beachieved at minimum cost and revenue optimally, and can generate cash flow that will maximizerevenue each year over the life of the mine took place. Tin Ore mining economic studies based onthe technical design data, so that the determination of the cost will be considered by the company.Components of the economic study of Tin Ore mining in terms of cosTing, revenue from the sale ofproducts, the calculation of cash flow, net present value, internal rate of return, payback period,sensitive analysis. Based on the results of studies on Tin Ore mine PT Mitra Stania Prima BlockKemingking acquired total reserves of Tin Ore amounted to 2.801,531 tons, by applying the method ofmining Open Pit Mining. From the economic feasibility calculations assuming the bank rate of 12%was obtained net present value of Rp 11.810.941.184.00, internal rate of return of 19.04%, and apayback period of 4.78 months for 2 years. Based on these results the project of PT Mitra StaniaPrima Block Kemingking feasible to conTinue
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PENGARUH VARIABEL SHAKING TABLE TERHADAP KADAR DAN RECOVERY PENCUCIAN BIJIH TIMAH PRIMER PT MENARA CIPTA MULIA KABUPATEN BELITUN VARIABEL SHAKING TABLE TERHADAP KADAR DAN RECOVERY PENCUCIAN BIJIH TIMAH PRIMER PT MENARA CIPTA MULIA KABUPATEN BELITUNG
Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung, 2020Co-Authors: Fauzan Dihan, Pitulima Janiar, Andini, Delita EgaAbstract:The process of washing primary Tin Ore at PT Menara Cipta Mulia in the final stage uses gravity concentration method to separate mineral cassiterite from its impurity minerals. The separation process uses a shaking table with 2 stages of washing to minimize the waste of valuable minerals (losses). In the initial stages of washing, the primary shaking table and finishing stages use secondary shaking table. Currently the use of shaking tables at PT MCM does not have default standards in operation and still uses trial and error. Reseach method by varying the slope variables of the table in the primary tool shaking table 4 variations, namely 0.95°, 1.27°, 1.59°, 1.91° and washing water velocity of 3 variations, namely 0.6 m/s, 0.9 m/s, 1.2 m/s while on secondary shaking table tools 3 variations are slope that is 0.64°, 0.95°, 1.27° and washing water velocity of 3 variations is 0.6 m/s, 0.9 m/s, 1.2 m/s with this variable variation, the sample is obtained for the grade test and recovery calculation. The optimal results on the primary shaking table were at 1.27 degrees with an average recovery of 56.43% and grade Sn of 51.28%. Optimal water velocity is 0.9 m/s with an average recovery of 50.97% and grade Sn of 52.19%. While the optimal results for the secondary shaking table are at a slope of 0.64 degrees with recovery averaging 40.88% and grade of 71.64% with an optimal water velocity is 0.9 m/s with an average recovery of 32.24% with concentrate grade Sn 72.18%. The greater the value of the slope angle and water velocity be used, the smaller the recovery of washing Tin Ore produced but the smaller the recovery value indicates the higher the concentration of the resulTing concentrate
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KajianTeknis Pengaruh Panjang Pukulan Terhadap Recovery Pencucian Bijih Timah Menggunakan Alat Pan American Jig Skala Laboratorium Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung
Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung, 2020Co-Authors: Adiyatma Adiyatma, Pitulima Janiar, Irvani IrvaniAbstract:Washing stage of Tin Ore is done the separation process valuable minerals of Tin Ore with mineral impurities. This process can be done using jig such as Pan American Jig. The length of stroke is one of the parameters that affect the performance of the jig with high recovery of Tin Ore leaching. The experiment was carried out by washing experiment using Pan American Jig scale laboratory on 6 times including variation of stroke length 15 mm, 12 mm, 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, and 5 mm with 19 washing sample. The collection and processing of data includes the weight and grade in each of the feed, concentrates and tailings. Determination of recovery value of each experiment is done through calculation between the grade and weight produced by each sample from washing process. Minerals with a high CC value will be very easily separated by the method of Gravity Concentration for example mineral cassiterite with quartz. The highest recovery was obtained in experiment 1 of 68.848% with a stroke length of 15 mm and the lowest recovery was in experiment 6 of 45.801%. However, the highest grade gain was in experiment 6 of 1.3246% and the lowest grade in experiment 1 was 1.2438%. The higher stroke length made greater recovery value produced, the greater recovery made the lower grade obtained
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Rancang Alat Magnetic Separator Untuk Meningkatkan Kadar Bijih Timah Di Laboratorium Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung
'Universitas Bangka Belitung', 2019Co-Authors: Pitulima Janiar, E.p.s.b Tamantono, E.p.s.b Tamantono, Oktarianty HaslenAbstract:Magnetic separator tesTing uses two variables, namely the speed of the roller on the conveyor belt andthe feed speed. Due to the minimum number of variations that can be used in magnetic separatortesTing, roller speed tesTing is used at 0.6 m / s and 0.7 m / s. the variation of figures at the feedingspeed of 0.21 kg / s and 0.35 kg / s so that 8 samples obtained from the processing of a magneticseparator with 4 magnetic samples and 4 non-magnetic samples. The feed samples used wereprepared by drying and sifTing into 3 size fractions to be used in the grain counTing analysis process sothat the percentage of minerals contained in the sample were found: 15.82% Cassiterite, 63.95%Ilmenite, 6.09% Monazite, 0.48% Pyrite / Marcasite, 1.61% Zircon, 1.44% Topaz, 0.65% Tourmalineand 9.96% Quartz. The effect of roller speed on the increase Tin Ore content is still common, this isbecause there are not many experiments carried out so that taking the trend of the influence of theroller speed is too fast. The effect of feed speed, the greater the feed speed on the magneticseparator, the smaller the Tin Ore content obtained.Magnetic separator tesTing uses two variables, namely the speed of the roller on the conveyor belt andthe feed speed. Due to the minimum number of variations that can be used in magnetic separatortesTing, roller speed tesTing is used at 0.6 m / s and 0.7 m / s. the variation of figures at the feedingspeed of 0.21 kg / s and 0.35 kg / s so that 8 samples obtained from the processing of a magneticseparator with 4 magnetic samples and 4 non-magnetic samples. The feed samples used wereprepared by drying and sifTing into 3 size fractions to be used in the grain counTing analysis process sothat the percentage of minerals contained in the sample were found: 15.82% Cassiterite, 63.95%Ilmenite, 6.09% Monazite, 0.48% Pyrite / Marcasite, 1.61% Zircon, 1.44% Topaz, 0.65% Tourmalineand 9.96% Quartz. The effect of roller speed on the increase Tin Ore content is still common, this isbecause there are not many experiments carried out so that taking the trend of the influence of theroller speed is too fast. The effect of feed speed, the greater the feed speed on the magneticseparator, the smaller the Tin Ore content obtained
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Studi Keterdapatan Unsur Tanah Jarang REE Ce dan Y pada Berbagai Kolong di Pulau Bangka
'Universitas Bangka Belitung', 2018Co-Authors: Irvani Irvani, Pitulima JaniarAbstract:Rare earth element REE is very potential future prospect mineral resources in Bangka Island, hence awell developed REE must have a high economic value in the future. As one of the biggest region thatproducing Tin Ore mining (cassiterite) for hundreds of years, REE potential not yet explOred andexploited well until now days in Bangka Island, and was left abundant in ex-mining area. They carriedout from the Tin Ore mining and become mine waste or tailing and then through the stream flows to besuspension or bed load sediment. The aim of this study is to identify the present rare earth Ce and Ybased on shallow surface sediment samples and their spatial distribution from a number of mineponds called kolong. Primary data collection of shallow surface sediments has been collected onKolong Argotirto and Menjelang West Bangka District, Kolong PLN and Merawang in Bangka District,Kolong Rentensi Kacang Pedang and Pedindang in Pangkalpinang City. Geochemical sedimentsanalysis just for identification the presence of rare earth Ce and Y. Rare earth element of cerium(Ce) just presence in a few sample sediment, but for yittrium (Y) almost presence at all shallowsurface sediment 0,9 - 31,6 ppm. The spatial distribution of rare earth Ce and Y show heterogeneity inlaterally
Li Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A tentative discussion on geochemistry and genesis of indium in Dachang Tin Ore district,Guangxi
Mineralium Deposita, 2010Co-Authors: Li XiaoAbstract:Located in the fault depression basin of the North Hercynian-Indosinian passive conTinental margin on the southwestern margin of Jiangnan orogenic belt,the Dachang Tin Ore district is an important Tin-polymetallic Ore district with Cu,Zn,Pb,In,Sb and Ag resources. The Ore district consists of Changpo-Tongkeng deposit and Gaofeng deposit in the west,Lamo skarn deposit in the middle and Dafulou as well as Kengma deposit in the east,with total indium resource about 6 000 tons. This paper deals emphatically with the Changpo-Tongkeng deposit,Lame deposit and Gaofeng deposit,and analyzes In,Cu,Cd,Fe and Zn concentrations in their host rocks,Ores,sulfides and oxides as well as in granite of the Ore district. Based on EMPA data of sulfides and oxides,sulfur isotope data of sulfides,carbon and oxygen isotope data of host rocks and carbonate,the authors have found that the magma source is rich in indium in the Dachang Ore district,whereas abnormal indium concentration exists in the host rocks. Most indium is hosted in sphalerite,and is closely associated with massive and layered Ores. Indium was selectively concentrated and distributed in different mineral assemblages and Ores during indium mineralization. It is held that the indium-rich magma source was a melt,which was subsequently emplaced and intruded into the upper crust. In,Cu,Fe,Zn and Sn-bearing fluids were exsolved from the cooling magma. In was precipitated with Zn,Fe,Cu and Sn metals because of water-rock interaction and mixture of fluids with meteoric water.
Alexander N. Mitrokhin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cretaceous volcanogenic sedimentary basins and folding in the Komsomolsky Tin-Ore region, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia
Geosciences Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Alexander N. MitrokhinAbstract:At the western margin of the northern Sikhote-Alin, the Cretaceous (Aptian—Campanian) basins of the Komsomolsky Tin-Ore region occur within large linear gentle NE-trending depressions of the Late Triassic—Valanginian consolidated terrigenous basement. The depressions are conjugate with the basement-arched uplifts, forming a single system. The Cretaceous basins are represented by an uninterrupted stratigraphic succession of the Aptian—Campanian volcanogenic sedimentary rocks, whose composition regularly and gradually changes upwards from purely clastics (mainly the conTinental molasse) to pyroclastics and lava of acidic to intermediate volcanics. The basins experienced folding over the entire Aptian—Campanian stratigraphic interval (about 4600 m thick) to form a zonal structure. There are NE-, ENE-, and WNW-trending syndepositional buckling folds with 600–650-m wave length, which form 1.6–2.8-km-wide zones. There rarely occur NW-trending cross-buckling folds. All the specified folds are supratenuous, and have conformal secondary uplifts (for anticlines) and depressions (for synclines) compleTing the major Cretaceous depressions. The buckle forms are believed to develop due to repeated reverse faulTing of the basement, whereas crossbuckle forms are due to normal faulTing. Both of these processes are similar to those of cleavage formation. The syndepositional folding succeeded in that way the Hauterivian—Barremian basement folding of total compression. Immediately following the syndepositional fold deformations, the postdepositional basin folding in combination with thin-skinned thrusTing, upthrusTing, and normal faulTing was in the front of the upward migration of the regional NNE-trending sinistral fault system. This occurred along with accumulation of the volcanogenic sedimentary formations and, in the closest paragenesis, with the regional intrusion and Ore-formation. The processes developed during the Aptian—Campanian tectonomagmatic event, related to the Cretaceous left-lateral activation of the NE—NNE-trending fault system of the Eastern Asia under NW lateral compression.
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Cretaceous volcanogenic sedimentary basins and folding in the Komsomolsky Tin-Ore region, Khabarovsk Territory, Russia
Geosciences Journal, 1998Co-Authors: Alexander N. MitrokhinAbstract:At the western margin of the northern Sikhote-Alin, the Cretaceous (Aptian—Campanian) basins of the Komsomolsky Tin-Ore region occur within large linear gentle NE-trending depressions of the Late Triassic—Valanginian consolidated terrigenous basement. The depressions are conjugate with the basement-arched uplifts, forming a single system. The Cretaceous basins are represented by an uninterrupted stratigraphic succession of the Aptian—Campanian volcanogenic sedimentary rocks, whose composition regularly and gradually changes upwards from purely clastics (mainly the conTinental molasse) to pyroclastics and lava of acidic to intermediate volcanics.
Konstantin Frolov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modern Minerals Formation Genesis in Kavalerovsky Tin–Ore District Technogenic System (Primorsky Krai)
Minerals, 2020Co-Authors: Valentina Zvereva, Anastasiya Igorevna Lysenko, Konstantin FrolovAbstract:Parameters and conditions of crystallization for the majority of hypergenic and technogenic minerals have not yet been studied, as their determination is often difficult due to their imperfect crystalline structure (X-ray amorphous) and formation in polymineral compounds. The article discusses the formation conditions of 20 hypergenic and technogenic minerals from technogenic waters in the mining industrial system of the Kavalerovsky district Tin–sulfide deposits (Primorsky krai) in Russia. For various ratios of hypogenic minerals–host rocks in Ore and in tailings in a wide temperature range (from −25 to 45 °C), the Eh-pH parameters and the minerals paragenesis were established. All hypergenic and technogenic minerals formed during modeling were found and diagnosed in the Kavalerovsky Tin–Ore district mining industrial technogenic system.
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modern minerals formation genesis in kavalerovsky Tin Ore district technogenic system primorsky krai
Minerals, 2020Co-Authors: Valentina Zvereva, Anastasiya Lysenko, Konstantin FrolovAbstract:Parameters and conditions of crystallization for the majority of hypergenic and technogenic minerals have not yet been studied, as their determination is often difficult due to their imperfect crystalline structure (X-ray amorphous) and formation in polymineral compounds. The article discusses the formation conditions of 20 hypergenic and technogenic minerals from technogenic waters in the mining industrial system of the Kavalerovsky district Tin–sulfide deposits (Primorsky krai) in Russia. For various ratios of hypogenic minerals–host rocks in Ore and in tailings in a wide temperature range (from −25 to 45 °C), the Eh-pH parameters and the minerals paragenesis were established. All hypergenic and technogenic minerals formed during modeling were found and diagnosed in the Kavalerovsky Tin–Ore district mining industrial technogenic system.
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temperature effect on the hypergene mineral formation process the case of tailing dumps of komsomolsky Tin Ore district
Computer and Information Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Valentina Zvereva, Alyona Kostina, Konstantin FrolovAbstract:Physicochemical modeling of drainage water in the tailing dumps of Komsomolsky Tin Ore district in a wide temperature range from-10 to +45 °C obtained in the article let to find Eh-pH parameters of micropOre solutions from which technogenic and hypergene minerals crystallize. The modeling was made for different ratios host rock – sulfides (95:5, 90:10, 80:20 and 60:40). Qualitative and quantitative ionic composition of the solutions was determined and their impact on the surface and ground water of the area was showed.