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Erik Jerndal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chemical looping combustion of solid fuels operation in a 10 kw unit with two fuels above bed and in bed fuel feed and two oxygen carriers manganese ore and ilmenite
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Carl Johan Linderholm, Anders Lyngfelt, Ana Cuadrat, Erik Jerndal
    Abstract:

    Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion concept with inherent separation of CO2. The process uses a solid oxygen carrier, which consists of metal oxide, to transfer the oxygen from air to fuel. The chemical-looping combustor used in the present experiments features two interconnected fluidized beds; a fuel reactor (FR) and an air reactor (AR). In the FR, fuel is gasified with steam whereupon gasification products react with the oxygen carrier to form, ideally, CO2 and H2O. This study concerns CLC of solid fuels in a continuously operating 10 kW unit using two natural ores as oxygen carrier: (a) ilmenite, an iron–Titanium Mineral and (b) a manganese ore containing smaller amounts of Fe, Al and Si. The fuel feed was re-designed in order to increase contact between oxygen carrier and fuel. The new in-bed fuel feed was found to significantly improve gas conversion, mainly caused by increased contact between the oxygen carrier and volatile gases released in the fuel chute. Two fuels were used to evaluate the effect of fuel feed; a bituminous coal and a pet coke. The in-bed fuel feed was used when ilmenite and manganese ore were compared. The use of a manganese ore as oxygen carrier was shown to significantly enhance the rate of char gasification and also improve gas conversion. A concern with the manganese ore is the large production of fines.

Carl Johan Linderholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chemical looping combustion of solid fuels operation in a 10 kw unit with two fuels above bed and in bed fuel feed and two oxygen carriers manganese ore and ilmenite
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Carl Johan Linderholm, Anders Lyngfelt, Ana Cuadrat, Erik Jerndal
    Abstract:

    Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion concept with inherent separation of CO2. The process uses a solid oxygen carrier, which consists of metal oxide, to transfer the oxygen from air to fuel. The chemical-looping combustor used in the present experiments features two interconnected fluidized beds; a fuel reactor (FR) and an air reactor (AR). In the FR, fuel is gasified with steam whereupon gasification products react with the oxygen carrier to form, ideally, CO2 and H2O. This study concerns CLC of solid fuels in a continuously operating 10 kW unit using two natural ores as oxygen carrier: (a) ilmenite, an iron–Titanium Mineral and (b) a manganese ore containing smaller amounts of Fe, Al and Si. The fuel feed was re-designed in order to increase contact between oxygen carrier and fuel. The new in-bed fuel feed was found to significantly improve gas conversion, mainly caused by increased contact between the oxygen carrier and volatile gases released in the fuel chute. Two fuels were used to evaluate the effect of fuel feed; a bituminous coal and a pet coke. The in-bed fuel feed was used when ilmenite and manganese ore were compared. The use of a manganese ore as oxygen carrier was shown to significantly enhance the rate of char gasification and also improve gas conversion. A concern with the manganese ore is the large production of fines.

Ana Cuadrat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chemical looping combustion of solid fuels operation in a 10 kw unit with two fuels above bed and in bed fuel feed and two oxygen carriers manganese ore and ilmenite
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Carl Johan Linderholm, Anders Lyngfelt, Ana Cuadrat, Erik Jerndal
    Abstract:

    Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion concept with inherent separation of CO2. The process uses a solid oxygen carrier, which consists of metal oxide, to transfer the oxygen from air to fuel. The chemical-looping combustor used in the present experiments features two interconnected fluidized beds; a fuel reactor (FR) and an air reactor (AR). In the FR, fuel is gasified with steam whereupon gasification products react with the oxygen carrier to form, ideally, CO2 and H2O. This study concerns CLC of solid fuels in a continuously operating 10 kW unit using two natural ores as oxygen carrier: (a) ilmenite, an iron–Titanium Mineral and (b) a manganese ore containing smaller amounts of Fe, Al and Si. The fuel feed was re-designed in order to increase contact between oxygen carrier and fuel. The new in-bed fuel feed was found to significantly improve gas conversion, mainly caused by increased contact between the oxygen carrier and volatile gases released in the fuel chute. Two fuels were used to evaluate the effect of fuel feed; a bituminous coal and a pet coke. The in-bed fuel feed was used when ilmenite and manganese ore were compared. The use of a manganese ore as oxygen carrier was shown to significantly enhance the rate of char gasification and also improve gas conversion. A concern with the manganese ore is the large production of fines.

Anders Lyngfelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • chemical looping combustion of solid fuels operation in a 10 kw unit with two fuels above bed and in bed fuel feed and two oxygen carriers manganese ore and ilmenite
    Fuel, 2012
    Co-Authors: Carl Johan Linderholm, Anders Lyngfelt, Ana Cuadrat, Erik Jerndal
    Abstract:

    Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion concept with inherent separation of CO2. The process uses a solid oxygen carrier, which consists of metal oxide, to transfer the oxygen from air to fuel. The chemical-looping combustor used in the present experiments features two interconnected fluidized beds; a fuel reactor (FR) and an air reactor (AR). In the FR, fuel is gasified with steam whereupon gasification products react with the oxygen carrier to form, ideally, CO2 and H2O. This study concerns CLC of solid fuels in a continuously operating 10 kW unit using two natural ores as oxygen carrier: (a) ilmenite, an iron–Titanium Mineral and (b) a manganese ore containing smaller amounts of Fe, Al and Si. The fuel feed was re-designed in order to increase contact between oxygen carrier and fuel. The new in-bed fuel feed was found to significantly improve gas conversion, mainly caused by increased contact between the oxygen carrier and volatile gases released in the fuel chute. Two fuels were used to evaluate the effect of fuel feed; a bituminous coal and a pet coke. The in-bed fuel feed was used when ilmenite and manganese ore were compared. The use of a manganese ore as oxygen carrier was shown to significantly enhance the rate of char gasification and also improve gas conversion. A concern with the manganese ore is the large production of fines.

F. Vaca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Review of the Production Cycle of Titanium Dioxide Pigment
    Materials Sciences and Applications, 2014
    Co-Authors: M.j. Gázquez, Juan Pedro Bolívar, Rafael García-tenorio, F. Vaca
    Abstract:

    Titanium is a very important element for several industrial applications, being one of the ninth most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust (0.63% wt). In this work it will discuss the different mining and industrial activities involved in the production of Titanium dioxide. The first step analyzed will treat about the beneficiation mining process of Titanium Mineral, and secondly, it will discuss the two main processes of the TiO2 manufacturing (sulphate and chloride routes). In addition, we will show different uses of the Titanium dioxide pigment as filler in paper, plastics and rubber industries and as flux in glass manufacture, etc. Finally, we will show that the old wastes are currently called co-products since they were valorized, being commercialized by the Spanish industry of TiO2 production in different fields such as agriculture, civil engineering, or cement manufacturing.