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Jason A. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection method for Fusarium Torreyae the canker pathogen of the critically endangered Florida Torreya, Torreya taxifolia
Forest Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Tyler J. Dreaden, Tania Quesada, Jason A. SmithAbstract:Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) is an endangered conifer with a very limited range in the USA: two counties in Florida and one in Georgia, along the Apalachicola River. The species was once abundant in its small native range but suffered a major decline, ~99% loss, in the late 1950s to early 1960s that is thought to have been caused by a disease. Recently, a canker disease caused by Fusarium Torreyae was identified as the primary cause of Florida Torreya decline. Efforts to restore and preserve the species in situ and ex situ are hampered by lack of pathogen‐free planting stock, and there exists an interest in methods to verify pathogen presence in seeds and seedlings prior to collection and transport for planting. This paper presents a new species‐specific diagnostic method that enables detection of F. Torreyae and may allow for conservation programmes to ensure germplasm is free of the pathogen prior to planting.
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Fusarium Torreyae sp. nov., a pathogen causing canker disease of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia), a critically endangered conifer restricted to northern Florida and southwestern Georgia
Mycologia, 2012Co-Authors: Takayuki Aoki, Jason A. Smith, Lacey L. Mount, David M. Geiser, Kerry O'donnellAbstract:During a survey for pathogens of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia) in 2009, a novel Fusarium species was isolated from cankers affecting this critically endangered conifer whose current range is ...
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A Novel Fusarium Species Causes a Canker Disease of the Critically Endangered Conifer, Torreya taxifolia
Plant disease, 2011Co-Authors: Jason A. Smith, Lacey L. Mount, Kerry O'donnell, Tova Spector, Keumchul Shin, Kelly Peacock, Aaron Trulock, Jenny Cruse-sanders, Ron O. DetermannAbstract:A canker disease of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia) has been implicated in the decline of this critically endangered species in its native range of northern Florida and southeastern Georgia. In surveys of eight Florida Torreya sites, cankers were present on all dead trees and 71 to 100% of living trees, suggesting that a fungal pathogen might be the causal agent. To identify the causal agent, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA) sequences were determined for 115 fungi isolated from cankers on 46 symptomatic trees sampled at three sites in northern Florida. BLASTn searches of the GenBank nucleotide database, using the ITS rDNA sequences as the query, indicated that a novel Fusarium species designated Fsp-1 might be the etiological agent. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences indicate that Fsp-1 represents a novel species representing one of the earliest divergences within the Gibberella clade of Fusarium. Results of pathogenicity experiments established that the four isolates of Fsp-1 tested could induce canker symptoms on cultivated Florida Torreya in a growth chamber. Koch's postulates were completed by the recovery and identification of Fsp-1 from cankers of the inoculated plants.
Kerry O'donnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium Torreyae sp. nov., a pathogen causing canker disease of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia), a critically endangered conifer restricted to northern Florida and southwestern Georgia
Mycologia, 2012Co-Authors: Takayuki Aoki, Jason A. Smith, Lacey L. Mount, David M. Geiser, Kerry O'donnellAbstract:During a survey for pathogens of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia) in 2009, a novel Fusarium species was isolated from cankers affecting this critically endangered conifer whose current range is ...
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A Novel Fusarium Species Causes a Canker Disease of the Critically Endangered Conifer, Torreya taxifolia
Plant disease, 2011Co-Authors: Jason A. Smith, Lacey L. Mount, Kerry O'donnell, Tova Spector, Keumchul Shin, Kelly Peacock, Aaron Trulock, Jenny Cruse-sanders, Ron O. DetermannAbstract:A canker disease of Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia) has been implicated in the decline of this critically endangered species in its native range of northern Florida and southeastern Georgia. In surveys of eight Florida Torreya sites, cankers were present on all dead trees and 71 to 100% of living trees, suggesting that a fungal pathogen might be the causal agent. To identify the causal agent, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS rDNA) sequences were determined for 115 fungi isolated from cankers on 46 symptomatic trees sampled at three sites in northern Florida. BLASTn searches of the GenBank nucleotide database, using the ITS rDNA sequences as the query, indicated that a novel Fusarium species designated Fsp-1 might be the etiological agent. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences indicate that Fsp-1 represents a novel species representing one of the earliest divergences within the Gibberella clade of Fusarium. Results of pathogenicity experiments established that the four isolates of Fsp-1 tested could induce canker symptoms on cultivated Florida Torreya in a growth chamber. Koch's postulates were completed by the recovery and identification of Fsp-1 from cankers of the inoculated plants.
Phillip J. Van Mantgem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating the magnitude of decline of the Florida Torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.)
Biological Conservation, 2000Co-Authors: Mark W. Schwartz, Sharon M. Hermann, Phillip J. Van MantgemAbstract:Torreya taxifolia is a coniferous tree that is endemic to the 35 km stretch of bluAs and ravines along the east side of the Apalachicola River in northern Florida and adjacent southern Georgia. This formerly locally abundant tree declined during the 1950s and 1960s as a result of disease and is currently on the US Endangered Species list. For sparsely distributed species it can often be diAcult to determine both current and historic population sizes. Historical descriptions of the distribution (203 km 2 ) and relative abundance (14.2% of dominant ravine trees) of T. taxifolia are used along with current measures of forest structure to estimate the pre-decline population density (30 trees/ha) and size (0.3‐0.65 million individuals). Survey information from five extant stands is used to estimate current population size (500‐4000 individuals). The surveys were conducted in areas with known high tree densities such that a simple extrapolation to the entire distribution would produce a gross over-estimate of population size. We therefore use a variety of assumptions to produce a range of estimates for total population sizes. Regardless of the particular model, our estimates suggest that T. taxifolia has lost at least 98.5% of its total population size since the early 1900s. We discuss these results in relation to the potential diAculties likely of restoring sustainable populations of this species. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Kenshiro Fujimoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on the activities and mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in rats.
Bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Yasushi Endo, Yuko Osada, Fumiko Kimura, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Kenshiro FujimotoAbstract:The mechanism for the plasma and liver triacylglycerol-reducing effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing sciadonic acid (all-cis-5, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid) is reported. Male SD rats were fed experimental diets containing 10% Torreya, corn, or soybean oil for 4 weeks, and the activities and mRNA expression of the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were measured in the liver. The activities of some hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis were lower in the rats fed Torreya oil.
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Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on lipid metabolism in rats.
Nutrition (Burbank Los Angeles County Calif.), 2006Co-Authors: Yasushi Endo, Yuko Osada, Fumiko Kimura, Kenshiro FujimotoAbstract:Abstract Objective We investigated effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing non–methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid of all-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (sciadonic acid) on rat lipid metabolism. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets based on AIN-93 containing 10% corn, soybean, or Torreya oil for 4 wk. Blood and tissues were recovered from each rat, and concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver were determined by enzymatic assays. Moreover, fatty acid composition was analyzed for triacylglycerol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid isolated from plasma and liver lipids by gas liquid chromatography. Results Plasma triacylglycerol level in rats fed Torreya oil was lower than that in rats fed corn or soybean oil, although there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels in all rats. Liver triacylglycerol level was also lower in rats fed Torreya oil, whereas liver cholesterol and phospholipid levers were same for all rats. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:6 (ω-3) were lower in plasma and liver lipids of Torreya and corn oil groups, whereas ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:4 (ω-6) and 22:5 (ω-6) were higher. Considerable amounts of sciadonic acid were detected in cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver of rats fed Torreya oil. Conclusion These observations suggest that Torreya seed oil can modify lipid metabolism, resulting in lower triacylglycerol levels in plasma and liver of rats.
Yasushi Endo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of non methylene interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid sciadonic all cis 5 11 14 eicosatrienoic acid on lipid metabolism in rats
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Yasushi Endo, Kumiko Tsunokake, Ikuo IkedaAbstract:We investigated effects of the non-methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid, sciadonic acid (all-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid), on the lipid metabolism in rats, to identify the mechanism for the plasma and hepatic triacylglycerol-lowering effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil. Sciadonic acid was isolated from Torreya seed oil by the combination of urea-adduct with lipase-esterification. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were fed with experimental diets containing 5% and 10% sciadonic acid based on corn oil for 2 weeks. The serum and liver triacylglycerol levels were lower in the rats fed with sciadonic acid. Considerable amounts of sciadonic acid were detected in the triacylglycerol and phospholipid in both the serum and liver of the rats fed with sciadonic acid. These observations demonstrate that sciadonic acid could modify the lipid metabolism in rats.
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Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on the activities and mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in rats.
Bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Yasushi Endo, Yuko Osada, Fumiko Kimura, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Kenshiro FujimotoAbstract:The mechanism for the plasma and liver triacylglycerol-reducing effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing sciadonic acid (all-cis-5, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid) is reported. Male SD rats were fed experimental diets containing 10% Torreya, corn, or soybean oil for 4 weeks, and the activities and mRNA expression of the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were measured in the liver. The activities of some hepatic enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis were lower in the rats fed Torreya oil.
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Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on lipid metabolism in rats.
Nutrition (Burbank Los Angeles County Calif.), 2006Co-Authors: Yasushi Endo, Yuko Osada, Fumiko Kimura, Kenshiro FujimotoAbstract:Abstract Objective We investigated effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil containing non–methylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid of all-cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (sciadonic acid) on rat lipid metabolism. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets based on AIN-93 containing 10% corn, soybean, or Torreya oil for 4 wk. Blood and tissues were recovered from each rat, and concentrations of triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver were determined by enzymatic assays. Moreover, fatty acid composition was analyzed for triacylglycerol, cholesterol ester, and phospholipid isolated from plasma and liver lipids by gas liquid chromatography. Results Plasma triacylglycerol level in rats fed Torreya oil was lower than that in rats fed corn or soybean oil, although there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels in all rats. Liver triacylglycerol level was also lower in rats fed Torreya oil, whereas liver cholesterol and phospholipid levers were same for all rats. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:6 (ω-3) were lower in plasma and liver lipids of Torreya and corn oil groups, whereas ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 22:4 (ω-6) and 22:5 (ω-6) were higher. Considerable amounts of sciadonic acid were detected in cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid in plasma and liver of rats fed Torreya oil. Conclusion These observations suggest that Torreya seed oil can modify lipid metabolism, resulting in lower triacylglycerol levels in plasma and liver of rats.
