Toxicology

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 1404621 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Philippa J Bunting - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of crystalline methamphetamine (“ice”) users and other patients with Toxicology‐related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department
    The Medical Journal of Australia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Philippa J Bunting, Gordian Fulde, S Lesley Forster
    Abstract:

    Objective: To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of methamphetamine users and patients with other Toxicology-related problems requiring medical intervention in a hospital emergency department (ED). Design and setting: Prospective observational study of Toxicology-related presentations to the ED of St Vincent’s Hospital (SVH), Sydney, an inner-city tertiary hospital, between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measures: Differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to the ED in relation to behaviour, mode of arrival, accompaniment, need for scheduling, location of drug use, intravenous drug use history, psychiatric history and demographic characteristics. Results: During the study period there were 10 305 patient presentations to SVH ED; 449 (4%) were Toxicology-related presentations, of which 100 (1% of total) were methamphetamine-related. Methamphetamine users were significantly more agitated, violent and aggressive than patients with other Toxicology-related presentations and significantly less alert, communicative and cooperative (P < 0.001); 24% of methamphetamine users (24/100) arrived with police accompaniment versus 9% of other Toxicology patients (33/349) (P < 0.001). Methamphetamine users were more likely to have a history of intravenous drug use and mental health problems (P < 0.001); 39% of methamphetamine presentations (39/100) required scheduling under the Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) compared with 19% of other Toxicology-related presentations (67/349) (P < 0.001); 43% of methamphetamine-related presentations (43/100) involved drug use on the street compared with 24% of other Toxicology-related presentations (83/349) (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of all methamphetamine users were male, and the most common age group for both male and female users was 26–30 years. The mean age and sex distribution of patients with other Toxicology-related presentations were not significantly different. Among methamphetamine users, 27% of women (9/33) were in the 21–25-year age group compared with 10% (7/67) of men (P

  • comparison of crystalline methamphetamine ice users and other patients with Toxicology related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department
    The Medical Journal of Australia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Philippa J Bunting, Gordian Fulde, Lesley S Forster
    Abstract:

    Objective: To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of methamphetamine users and patients with other Toxicology-related problems requiring medical intervention in a hospital emergency department (ED). Design and setting: Prospective observational study of Toxicology-related presentations to the ED of St Vincent’s Hospital (SVH), Sydney, an inner-city tertiary hospital, between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measures: Differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to the ED in relation to behaviour, mode of arrival, accompaniment, need for scheduling, location of drug use, intravenous drug use history, psychiatric history and demographic characteristics. Results: During the study period there were 10 305 patient presentations to SVH ED; 449 (4%) were Toxicology-related presentations, of which 100 (1% of total) were methamphetamine-related. Methamphetamine users were significantly more agitated, violent and aggressive than patients with other Toxicology-related presentations and significantly less alert, communicative and cooperative (P < 0.001); 24% of methamphetamine users (24/100) arrived with police accompaniment versus 9% of other Toxicology patients (33/349) (P < 0.001). Methamphetamine users were more likely to have a history of intravenous drug use and mental health problems (P < 0.001); 39% of methamphetamine presentations (39/100) required scheduling under the Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) compared with 19% of other Toxicology-related presentations (67/349) (P < 0.001); 43% of methamphetamine-related presentations (43/100) involved drug use on the street compared with 24% of other Toxicology-related presentations (83/349) (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of all methamphetamine users were male, and the most common age group for both male and female users was 26–30 years. The mean age and sex distribution of patients with other Toxicology-related presentations were not significantly different. Among methamphetamine users, 27% of women (9/33) were in the 21–25-year age group compared with 10% (7/67) of men (P <0 .001). Conclusion: There were significant differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to SVH ED. Methamphetamine users were more aggressive, violent and dangerous, and thus more likely to pose a risk to health personnel and others. Methamphetamine appeared to be used consistently, rather than

Manuel C Peitsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
    Toxicological Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: John Michael Sauer, Andre Kleensang, Manuel C Peitsch, A. Wallace Hayes
    Abstract:

    Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems Toxicology. Systems Toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical Toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems Toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.

  • proteomics for systems Toxicology
    Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bjoern Titz, Ashraf Elamin, Florian Martin, Sophie Dijon, Julia Hoeng, Thomas Schneider, Nikolai V Ivanov, Manuel C Peitsch
    Abstract:

    Current Toxicology studies frequently lack measurements at molecular resolution to enable a more mechanism-based and predictive toxicological assessment. Recently, a systems Toxicology assessment framework has been proposed, which combines conventional toxicological assessment strategies with system-wide measurement methods and computational analysis approaches from the field of systems biology. Proteomic measurements are an integral component of this integrative strategy because protein alterations closely mirror biological effects, such as biological stress responses or global tissue alterations. Here, we provide an overview of the technical foundations and highlight select applications of proteomics for systems Toxicology studies. With a focus on mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we summarize the experimental methods for quantitative proteomics and describe the computational approaches used to derive biological/mechanistic insights from these datasets. To illustrate how proteomics has been successfully employed to address mechanistic questions in Toxicology, we summarized several case studies. Overall, we provide the technical and conceptual foundation for the integration of proteomic measurements in a more comprehensive systems Toxicology assessment framework. We conclude that, owing to the critical importance of protein-level measurements and recent technological advances, proteomics will be an integral part of integrative systems Toxicology approaches in the future.

  • systems Toxicology from basic research to risk assessment
    Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Shana J. Sturla, Julia Hoeng, Rex E Fitzgerald, Maurice Whelan, Robert J Kavlock, Martin F Wilks, Alan R. Boobis, Kristin Schirmer, Manuel C Peitsch
    Abstract:

    Systems Toxicology is the integration of classical Toxicology with quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Society demands increasingly close scrutiny of the potential health risks associated with exposure to chemicals present in our everyday life, leading to an increasing need for more predictive and accurate risk-assessment approaches. Developing such approaches requires a detailed mechanistic understanding of the ways in which xenobiotic substances perturb biological systems and lead to adverse outcomes. Thus, Systems Toxicology approaches offer modern strategies for gaining such mechanistic knowledge by combining advanced analytical and computational tools. Furthermore, Systems Toxicology is a means for the identification and application of biomarkers for improved safety assessments. In Systems Toxicology, quantitative systems-wide molecular changes in the context of an exposure are measured, and a causal ...

Gordian Fulde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of crystalline methamphetamine (“ice”) users and other patients with Toxicology‐related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department
    The Medical Journal of Australia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Philippa J Bunting, Gordian Fulde, S Lesley Forster
    Abstract:

    Objective: To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of methamphetamine users and patients with other Toxicology-related problems requiring medical intervention in a hospital emergency department (ED). Design and setting: Prospective observational study of Toxicology-related presentations to the ED of St Vincent’s Hospital (SVH), Sydney, an inner-city tertiary hospital, between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measures: Differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to the ED in relation to behaviour, mode of arrival, accompaniment, need for scheduling, location of drug use, intravenous drug use history, psychiatric history and demographic characteristics. Results: During the study period there were 10 305 patient presentations to SVH ED; 449 (4%) were Toxicology-related presentations, of which 100 (1% of total) were methamphetamine-related. Methamphetamine users were significantly more agitated, violent and aggressive than patients with other Toxicology-related presentations and significantly less alert, communicative and cooperative (P < 0.001); 24% of methamphetamine users (24/100) arrived with police accompaniment versus 9% of other Toxicology patients (33/349) (P < 0.001). Methamphetamine users were more likely to have a history of intravenous drug use and mental health problems (P < 0.001); 39% of methamphetamine presentations (39/100) required scheduling under the Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) compared with 19% of other Toxicology-related presentations (67/349) (P < 0.001); 43% of methamphetamine-related presentations (43/100) involved drug use on the street compared with 24% of other Toxicology-related presentations (83/349) (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of all methamphetamine users were male, and the most common age group for both male and female users was 26–30 years. The mean age and sex distribution of patients with other Toxicology-related presentations were not significantly different. Among methamphetamine users, 27% of women (9/33) were in the 21–25-year age group compared with 10% (7/67) of men (P

  • comparison of crystalline methamphetamine ice users and other patients with Toxicology related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department
    The Medical Journal of Australia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Philippa J Bunting, Gordian Fulde, Lesley S Forster
    Abstract:

    Objective: To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of methamphetamine users and patients with other Toxicology-related problems requiring medical intervention in a hospital emergency department (ED). Design and setting: Prospective observational study of Toxicology-related presentations to the ED of St Vincent’s Hospital (SVH), Sydney, an inner-city tertiary hospital, between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measures: Differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to the ED in relation to behaviour, mode of arrival, accompaniment, need for scheduling, location of drug use, intravenous drug use history, psychiatric history and demographic characteristics. Results: During the study period there were 10 305 patient presentations to SVH ED; 449 (4%) were Toxicology-related presentations, of which 100 (1% of total) were methamphetamine-related. Methamphetamine users were significantly more agitated, violent and aggressive than patients with other Toxicology-related presentations and significantly less alert, communicative and cooperative (P < 0.001); 24% of methamphetamine users (24/100) arrived with police accompaniment versus 9% of other Toxicology patients (33/349) (P < 0.001). Methamphetamine users were more likely to have a history of intravenous drug use and mental health problems (P < 0.001); 39% of methamphetamine presentations (39/100) required scheduling under the Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) compared with 19% of other Toxicology-related presentations (67/349) (P < 0.001); 43% of methamphetamine-related presentations (43/100) involved drug use on the street compared with 24% of other Toxicology-related presentations (83/349) (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of all methamphetamine users were male, and the most common age group for both male and female users was 26–30 years. The mean age and sex distribution of patients with other Toxicology-related presentations were not significantly different. Among methamphetamine users, 27% of women (9/33) were in the 21–25-year age group compared with 10% (7/67) of men (P <0 .001). Conclusion: There were significant differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to SVH ED. Methamphetamine users were more aggressive, violent and dangerous, and thus more likely to pose a risk to health personnel and others. Methamphetamine appeared to be used consistently, rather than

Lesley S Forster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of crystalline methamphetamine ice users and other patients with Toxicology related problems presenting to a hospital emergency department
    The Medical Journal of Australia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Philippa J Bunting, Gordian Fulde, Lesley S Forster
    Abstract:

    Objective: To compare demographic and clinical characteristics of methamphetamine users and patients with other Toxicology-related problems requiring medical intervention in a hospital emergency department (ED). Design and setting: Prospective observational study of Toxicology-related presentations to the ED of St Vincent’s Hospital (SVH), Sydney, an inner-city tertiary hospital, between 1 October and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measures: Differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to the ED in relation to behaviour, mode of arrival, accompaniment, need for scheduling, location of drug use, intravenous drug use history, psychiatric history and demographic characteristics. Results: During the study period there were 10 305 patient presentations to SVH ED; 449 (4%) were Toxicology-related presentations, of which 100 (1% of total) were methamphetamine-related. Methamphetamine users were significantly more agitated, violent and aggressive than patients with other Toxicology-related presentations and significantly less alert, communicative and cooperative (P < 0.001); 24% of methamphetamine users (24/100) arrived with police accompaniment versus 9% of other Toxicology patients (33/349) (P < 0.001). Methamphetamine users were more likely to have a history of intravenous drug use and mental health problems (P < 0.001); 39% of methamphetamine presentations (39/100) required scheduling under the Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) compared with 19% of other Toxicology-related presentations (67/349) (P < 0.001); 43% of methamphetamine-related presentations (43/100) involved drug use on the street compared with 24% of other Toxicology-related presentations (83/349) (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of all methamphetamine users were male, and the most common age group for both male and female users was 26–30 years. The mean age and sex distribution of patients with other Toxicology-related presentations were not significantly different. Among methamphetamine users, 27% of women (9/33) were in the 21–25-year age group compared with 10% (7/67) of men (P <0 .001). Conclusion: There were significant differences between methamphetamine-related and other Toxicology-related presentations to SVH ED. Methamphetamine users were more aggressive, violent and dangerous, and thus more likely to pose a risk to health personnel and others. Methamphetamine appeared to be used consistently, rather than

A. Wallace Hayes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cornerstones of Toxicology.
    Toxicologic Pathology, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. Wallace Hayes, Darlene Dixon
    Abstract:

    The 35th Annual Society of Toxicologic Pathology Symposium, held in June 2016 in San Diego, California, focused on "The Basis and Relevance of Variation in Toxicologic Responses." In order to review the basic tenants of Toxicology, a "broad brush" interactive talk that gave an overview of the Cornerstones of Toxicology was presented. The presentation focused on the historical milestones and perspectives of Toxicology and through many scientific graphs, data, and real-life examples covered the three basic principles of Toxicology that can be summarized, as dose matters (as does timing), people differ, and things change (related to metabolism and biotransformation).

  • Advancing Risk Assessment through the Application of Systems Toxicology
    Toxicological Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: John Michael Sauer, Andre Kleensang, Manuel C Peitsch, A. Wallace Hayes
    Abstract:

    Risk assessment is the process of quantifying the probability of a harmful effect to individuals or populations from human activities. Mechanistic approaches to risk assessment have been generally referred to as systems Toxicology. Systems Toxicology makes use of advanced analytical and computational tools to integrate classical Toxicology and quantitative analysis of large networks of molecular and functional changes occurring across multiple levels of biological organization. Three presentations including two case studies involving both in vitro and in vivo approaches described the current state of systems Toxicology and the potential for its future application in chemical risk assessment.