The Experts below are selected from a list of 231855 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eileen Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of a new rapid real time polymerase chain reaction system to Traditional Culture in determining group b streptococcus colonization
2007Co-Authors: Michael Gavino, Eileen WangAbstract:Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assay for intrapartum detection of group B streptococcus (GBS). Study Design This prospective, observational study enrolled outpatients after GBS screening at 35-37 weeks’ gestation. At admission for delivery, paired rectovaginal swabs were obtained for the GBS GeneXpert (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) assay and standard Culture. Using the intrapartum Culture as the gold standard, sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of the rapid assay and the antenatal screen were determined. Statistical significance was determined by Fisher’s exact test. Results Fifty-five subjects had both rapid test and intrapartum Culture results. The intrapartum GBS colonization rate was 43.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR test were 95.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-99.8%), and 64.5% (95% CI, 45.4-80.2%), respectively, whereas the antenatal Culture sensitivity was 83.3% and specificity was 80.6%. Conclusion The GeneXpert rapid GBS point-of-care assay was highly sensitive for GBS detection in our sample population. Corroboration of these data is needed on a large population basis.
Umesh Chandra Behera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis
2012Co-Authors: Cornelia Reena Joseph, Prajna Lalitha, Kavitha R Sivaraman, Kim Ramasamy, Umesh Chandra BeheraAbstract:Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the diagnosis of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis among patients who underwent cataract surgery at a tertiary care center. Design Prospective experimental study. Methods This was a single-center study of 64 eyes of 64 patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis within 1 year of cataract surgery. Patients with glaucoma filtering or cornea surgery in the past year, postoperative trauma, fungal endophthalmitis, or preoperative inflammatory conditions were excluded. Vitreous samples were obtained during vitreous tap or vitrectomy and sent for both Culture and qPCR with sequencing. Vitreous samples obtained from 50 patients undergoing vitrectomy for noninflammatory indications served as controls. The main outcome measures were the sensitivity of qPCR compared to Culture and concordance of results of pathogen identification with sequencing vs phenotypic speciation. Results qPCR detected 16s bacterial DNA in 37 patients (66%), compared to 19 (34%) with Traditional Culture. Only 1 patient had a positive result by Culture ( Nocardia species) but negative result by qPCR. For the 18 samples positive by both qPCR and Culture, there was a 100% concordance in pathogen identification between sequencing and phenotypic speciation. Conclusion In cases of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis, qPCR offers an improved diagnostic yield and may be a useful adjunct to Traditional Culture. Further large-scale clinical studies are needed to elucidate the full clinical utility of qPCR.
Christoph B Graber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aboriginal self determination vs the propertisation of Traditional Culture the case of sacred wanjina sites
2010Co-Authors: Christoph B GraberAbstract:In Australia, as with many countries, Aboriginal Culture is not comprehensively protected. Rather protection is fragmented between the Western systems of intellectual property, native title and cultural heritage law. This paper addresses the shortcomings of these Western classifications with respect to the interests of the Australian Aborigines, their Culture, customs, beliefs and land. It concludes that these systems “propertise” Aboriginal Culture and fail to recognise that creative expressions are viewed by the Aborigines, not as owned objects, but as media that maintain the relationship between land, spiritual ancestors and custom. Moreover, the inability of the Western constructs to meet the interests of the Aborigines means that self-determination is required, whereby the Aboriginal people could determine what and how Indigenous heritage should be protected. This should be achieved by introducing “shared sovereignties” between the Aborigines and the Australian Government.
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aboriginal self determination vs the propertisation of Traditional Culture the case of sacred wanjina sites
2009Co-Authors: Christoph B GraberAbstract:In 2003, the strong belief in Wanjina and Wunggurr helped the Aboriginal people in the Kimberleys, Western Australia, to win one of the biggest land claim cases in Australian history. According to Australian common law, the Indigenous community had to show not only that the belief in Wanjina and Wunggurr is the common feature of identification of the Ngarinyin, Wunambal and Worora people of the central and northern Kimberley area in Western Australia, but also that they had been living according to the traditions residing in these beliefs since before the arrival of the first British settlers in Western Australia. With the decision, Neowarra v Western Australia ('Neowarra'), Justice Ross Sundberg of the Federal Court of Australia assigned native title to the successful Wanjina-Wunggurr community over a part of the determination area of more than 7200 square kilometres.
Michael Gavino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of a new rapid real time polymerase chain reaction system to Traditional Culture in determining group b streptococcus colonization
2007Co-Authors: Michael Gavino, Eileen WangAbstract:Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based assay for intrapartum detection of group B streptococcus (GBS). Study Design This prospective, observational study enrolled outpatients after GBS screening at 35-37 weeks’ gestation. At admission for delivery, paired rectovaginal swabs were obtained for the GBS GeneXpert (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) assay and standard Culture. Using the intrapartum Culture as the gold standard, sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values of the rapid assay and the antenatal screen were determined. Statistical significance was determined by Fisher’s exact test. Results Fifty-five subjects had both rapid test and intrapartum Culture results. The intrapartum GBS colonization rate was 43.6%. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR test were 95.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9-99.8%), and 64.5% (95% CI, 45.4-80.2%), respectively, whereas the antenatal Culture sensitivity was 83.3% and specificity was 80.6%. Conclusion The GeneXpert rapid GBS point-of-care assay was highly sensitive for GBS detection in our sample population. Corroboration of these data is needed on a large population basis.
Cornelia Reena Joseph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis
2012Co-Authors: Cornelia Reena Joseph, Prajna Lalitha, Kavitha R Sivaraman, Kim Ramasamy, Umesh Chandra BeheraAbstract:Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the diagnosis of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis among patients who underwent cataract surgery at a tertiary care center. Design Prospective experimental study. Methods This was a single-center study of 64 eyes of 64 patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of endophthalmitis within 1 year of cataract surgery. Patients with glaucoma filtering or cornea surgery in the past year, postoperative trauma, fungal endophthalmitis, or preoperative inflammatory conditions were excluded. Vitreous samples were obtained during vitreous tap or vitrectomy and sent for both Culture and qPCR with sequencing. Vitreous samples obtained from 50 patients undergoing vitrectomy for noninflammatory indications served as controls. The main outcome measures were the sensitivity of qPCR compared to Culture and concordance of results of pathogen identification with sequencing vs phenotypic speciation. Results qPCR detected 16s bacterial DNA in 37 patients (66%), compared to 19 (34%) with Traditional Culture. Only 1 patient had a positive result by Culture ( Nocardia species) but negative result by qPCR. For the 18 samples positive by both qPCR and Culture, there was a 100% concordance in pathogen identification between sequencing and phenotypic speciation. Conclusion In cases of suspected bacterial endophthalmitis, qPCR offers an improved diagnostic yield and may be a useful adjunct to Traditional Culture. Further large-scale clinical studies are needed to elucidate the full clinical utility of qPCR.
