The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Biswajit Mukherjee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sorbitan monolaurate 20 as a potential skin permeation enhancer in Transdermal Patches
2005Co-Authors: Biswajit Mukherjee, Sushmita Mahapatra, Balaram PatraAbstract:The objective of our present work was to prepare Transdermal matrix Patches containing the drug,diclofenac diethy- lamine with various polymeric combina- tions of polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethylcellulose and to study the mecha- nism of release of the drug from the Patches and its skin permeation. Sorbitan monolaurate 20 (Span 20),a non-ionic surfactant was added to the concentrations (0.1% wt/vol),as a skin permeation enhancer to the drug,
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development and in vitro evaluation of diltiazem hydrochloride Transdermal Patches based on povidone ethylcellulose matrices
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2003Co-Authors: Ritu Gupta, Biswajit MukherjeeAbstract:To select a suitable formulation for the development of Transdermal drug-delivery system of diltiazem hydrochloride. Transdermal Patches of the drug, employing different ratios of polymers, ethylcellulose (EC), and povidone (PVP) were developed and evaluated for the potential drug delivery using depilated freshly excised abdominal mouse skin. The influence of different film compositions on in vitro drug permeation into receptor fluid were studied using a modified Franz diffusion cell. The cumulative amount of drug was found to be proportional to the square root of time, i.e., Higuchi kinetics. From this study, it was concluded that the films composed of povidone:ethylcellulose (1:2) should be selected for the development of Transdermal drug-delivery system of diltiazem hydrochloride, using a suitable adhesive layer and backing membrane, for potential therapeutic use.
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design development physicochemical and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of Transdermal Patches containing diclofenac diethylammonium salt
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Priyanka Arora, Biswajit MukherjeeAbstract:In this study, matrix-type Transdermal Patches containing diclofenac diethylamine were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC) by solvent evaporation technique. The drug matrix film of PVP and EC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, and flatness), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. In vitro permeation studies were performed across cadaver skin using a modified diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation PA4 (PVP/EC, 1:2) and PA5 (PVP/EC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The antiinflammatory effect and a sustaining action of diclofenac diethylamine from the two Transdermal Patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. When the Patches were applied half an hour before the subplantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of male Wistar rats, it was observed that formulation PA4 produced 100% inhibition of paw edema in rats 12 h after carrageenan insult, whereas in the case of formulation PA5, 4% mean paw edema was obtained half an hour after the carrageenan injection and the value became 19.23% 12 h after the carrageenan insult. The efficacy of Transdermal Patches was also compared with the marketed Voveran gel and it was found that PA4 Transdermal Patches produced a better result as compared with the Voveran gel. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that diclofenac diethylamine can be formulated into the Transdermal matrix type Patches to sustain its release characteristics and the polymeric composition (PVP/EC, 1:2) was found to be the best choice for manufacturing Transdermal Patches of diclofenac diethylamine among the formulations studied.
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design development physicochemical and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of Transdermal Patches containing diclofenac diethylammonium salt
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2002Co-Authors: Priyanka Arora, Biswajit MukherjeeAbstract:Abstract In this study, matrix‐type Transdermal Patches containing diclofenac diethylamine were prepared using different ratios of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylcellulose (EC) by solvent evaporation technique. The drug matrix film of PVP and EC was casted on a polyvinylalcohol backing membrane. All the prepared formulations were subjected to physical studies (moisture content, moisture uptake, and flatness), in vitro release studies and in vitro skin permeation studies. In vitro permeation studies were performed across cadaver skin using a modified diffusion cell. Variations in drug release profiles among the formulations studied were observed. Based on a physicochemical and in vitro skin permeation study, formulation PA4 (PVP/EC, 1:2) and PA5 (PVP/EC, 1:5) were chosen for further in vivo experiments. The antiinflammatory effect and a sustaining action of diclofenac diethylamine from the two Transdermal Patches selected were studied by inducing paw edema in rats with 1% w/v carrageenan solution. When the Patches were applied half an hour before the subplantar injection of carrageenan in the hind paw of male Wistar rats, it was observed that formulation PA4 produced 100% inhibition of paw edema in rats 12 h after carrageenan insult, whereas in the case of formulation PA5, 4% mean paw edema was obtained half an hour after the carrageenan injection and the value became 19.23% 12 h after the carrageenan insult. The efficacy of Transdermal Patches was also compared with the marketed Voveran® gel and it was found that PA4 Transdermal Patches produced a better result as compared with the Voveran® gel. Hence, it can be reasonably concluded that diclofenac diethylamine can be formulated into the Transdermal matrix type Patches to sustain its release characteristics and the polymeric composition (PVP/EC, 1:2) was found to be the best choice for manufacturing Transdermal Patches of diclofenac diethylamine among the formulations studied. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:2076–2089, 2002
Wiwat Pichayakorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Pectin Layers for Nicotine Transdermal Patch Preparation.
Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2018Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Jessada Prasomkij, Kamon Panrat, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Purpose: The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate Transdermal Patches for nicotine. Methods: Pectin isolated from the hulls of Monthong durian or leaves of Krueo Ma Noy was used as a matrix membrane for the controlled release of nicotine and compared with commercial pectin. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and Fourier transform infrared spectra were characterized. The in vitro stability of these Patches was evaluated and compared to commercial nicotine Patches. Results: The mechanical properties of the Patches made from isolated pectin were greater than those prepared from commercial pectin; brittle commercial Patches were obtained after nicotine loading. The moisture uptake of the Patches made with isolated pectin was in the range of 30.20-44.29%. There was no incompatibility between the ingredients of the nicotine Transdermal Patches or any degradation of the drug. The matrix layer made from isolated pectin controlled the nicotine release more effectively than did commercial nicotine Patches. In addition, these Patches were stable at in a refrigerator (approximately 4±2 °C) and at ambient temperature (approximately 30±2 °C) for 3 months, retaining 90% of the loaded nicotine. Conclusion: Our study suggests that using isolated pectin as the matrix layer should control the release of nicotine from Transdermal Patches.
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deproteinised natural rubber used as a controlling layer membrane in reservoir type nicotine Transdermal Patches
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract Reservoir-type nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs), composed of a concentrated nicotine solution embedded between a backing layer and a controlling layer membrane, were constructed by a heat-sealing technique. The aim of this research was the preparation of a novel controlling layer membrane from deproteinised natural rubber latex (DNRL). The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation at breakage of the DNRL membrane were 0.23 ± 0.04 MPa and 604.46 ± 95.38%, respectively. The DNRL membrane existed as an amorphous phase and was poorly hygroscopic and dense. FT-IR and DSC analysis demonstrated that the membrane consisted almost entirely of isoprene functional groups with a T g of −64.79 °C. The effects of the DNRL membrane thickness (100–300 μm) and different nicotine concentrations in the reservoir (1.75–4.25 mg/cm 2 ) on the nicotine release rate and nicotine permeation through a pig skin membrane were studied in vitro. The in vitro nicotine release rate and skin permeation rate increased with decreasing membrane thickness and increasing nicotine content in the reservoir. The release and permeation profiles followed first- and zero-order kinetics, respectively. The release and permeation performance was similar to a commercially available Nicotinell TTS-20 patch. The newly developed NTPs were stable under storage in a tightly sealed container at 4 °C or at ambient temperature for up to 3 months. Thus, DNRL is suitable for use as a controlling layer membrane in NTPs in Transdermal drug delivery systems.
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nicotine Transdermal Patches using polymeric natural rubber as the matrix controlling system effect of polymer and plasticizer blends
Journal of Membrane Science, 2012Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract In this study, novel nicotine (NCT) Transdermal Patches were prepared using deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), methyl cellulose (MC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Either dibutylphthalate (DBP) or glycerin (GLY) was used as a plasticizer. These polymer blends were able to form homogeneous mixtures, and the Patches were easily prepared by pouring them into a Petri-dish followed by drying in a hot air oven at 70 ± 2 °C. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and swelling ratio of the Patches depended on the amounts and types of polymer in the blends, and the types of plasticizers used. Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry showed that all the ingredients in the blended Patches were compatible. The release of NCT in vitro assay showed a monophasic slow release pattern that was affected by both the amounts and types of polymer without and with plasticizer. Adding plasticizers to polymer blends produced a faster release rate due to their greater hydrophilicity. PVA produced the most suitable polymer blends for the NCT Transdermal Patches. The release kinetics of NCT from both diffusion and dissolution type Patches were confirmed by the first order and Higuchi's models, respectively. In contrast, the permeation of NCT from the Patches into the skin occurred via zero order kinetics.
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Characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies of nicotine Transdermal Patches prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex blends
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2012Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Garnpimol C. Ritthidej, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Abstract The nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs) are available used for smoking cessation; however, they still should be developed for high efficacy and low cost. In this study, deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) were used as matrix membrane for nicotine (NCT) delivery. Several techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and SEM were used to characterize the compatibility of each ingredient in the blended Patches. A backing layer was used to protect NCT from volatilization. Five different types of backing layer were evaluated for their effects on in vitro release and skin permeation of NCT from the formulated matrix membranes. The backing layer with highest moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and lowest oxygen transmission (OT) supposed to give higher NCT release and skin permeation due to increasing of skin hydration and its occlusive effect. The kinetic of in vitro release and permeation was demonstrated the monophasic slow release pattern which confirmed by first order and zero order kinetics, respectively. Therefore, the backing layer could be appropriated and used conveniently in the preparation of NTPs.
Jirapornchai Suksaeree - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Pectin Layers for Nicotine Transdermal Patch Preparation.
Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2018Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Jessada Prasomkij, Kamon Panrat, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Purpose: The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate Transdermal Patches for nicotine. Methods: Pectin isolated from the hulls of Monthong durian or leaves of Krueo Ma Noy was used as a matrix membrane for the controlled release of nicotine and compared with commercial pectin. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and Fourier transform infrared spectra were characterized. The in vitro stability of these Patches was evaluated and compared to commercial nicotine Patches. Results: The mechanical properties of the Patches made from isolated pectin were greater than those prepared from commercial pectin; brittle commercial Patches were obtained after nicotine loading. The moisture uptake of the Patches made with isolated pectin was in the range of 30.20-44.29%. There was no incompatibility between the ingredients of the nicotine Transdermal Patches or any degradation of the drug. The matrix layer made from isolated pectin controlled the nicotine release more effectively than did commercial nicotine Patches. In addition, these Patches were stable at in a refrigerator (approximately 4±2 °C) and at ambient temperature (approximately 30±2 °C) for 3 months, retaining 90% of the loaded nicotine. Conclusion: Our study suggests that using isolated pectin as the matrix layer should control the release of nicotine from Transdermal Patches.
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Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation of Transdermal Patches for Inhibiting Crystallization of Mefenamic Acid.
Journal of drug delivery, 2017Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Patsakorn Siripornpinyo, Somruethai ChaiprasitAbstract:The crystallization of mefenamic acid in Transdermal patch is a major problem that makes the patch unstable and decreases the drug release. The additive was used to inhibit crystallization of a mefenamic acid. Among the different types of additives, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and PVP K90 were studied and found to be highly effective in inhibiting the crystallization of the drug. The PVP presented as a solubilizer agent for mefenamic acid in matrix Patches at the different ratio between drug : PVP, 1 : 2 and 1 : 2.5 for using PVP K30 and 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 2 for using PVP K90. The characterizations showed the homogeneous Patches without the crystal form of the mefenamic acid in matrix Patches. The release profiles of the mefenamic acid from the Patches were investigated by Franz diffusion cells. Over the first 1 h, the release behavior of mefenamic acid from the Patches obviously increased when PVP was used as a crystallization inhibitor. However, the ratio between drug : PVP K90 at 1 : 2 was found to be the most effective in increasing the drug release from patch. Thus, the PVP could be used as a crystallization inhibitor for mefenamic acid in matrix Patches which will increase the drug release.
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deproteinised natural rubber used as a controlling layer membrane in reservoir type nicotine Transdermal Patches
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract Reservoir-type nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs), composed of a concentrated nicotine solution embedded between a backing layer and a controlling layer membrane, were constructed by a heat-sealing technique. The aim of this research was the preparation of a novel controlling layer membrane from deproteinised natural rubber latex (DNRL). The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation at breakage of the DNRL membrane were 0.23 ± 0.04 MPa and 604.46 ± 95.38%, respectively. The DNRL membrane existed as an amorphous phase and was poorly hygroscopic and dense. FT-IR and DSC analysis demonstrated that the membrane consisted almost entirely of isoprene functional groups with a T g of −64.79 °C. The effects of the DNRL membrane thickness (100–300 μm) and different nicotine concentrations in the reservoir (1.75–4.25 mg/cm 2 ) on the nicotine release rate and nicotine permeation through a pig skin membrane were studied in vitro. The in vitro nicotine release rate and skin permeation rate increased with decreasing membrane thickness and increasing nicotine content in the reservoir. The release and permeation profiles followed first- and zero-order kinetics, respectively. The release and permeation performance was similar to a commercially available Nicotinell TTS-20 patch. The newly developed NTPs were stable under storage in a tightly sealed container at 4 °C or at ambient temperature for up to 3 months. Thus, DNRL is suitable for use as a controlling layer membrane in NTPs in Transdermal drug delivery systems.
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nicotine Transdermal Patches using polymeric natural rubber as the matrix controlling system effect of polymer and plasticizer blends
Journal of Membrane Science, 2012Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract In this study, novel nicotine (NCT) Transdermal Patches were prepared using deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), methyl cellulose (MC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Either dibutylphthalate (DBP) or glycerin (GLY) was used as a plasticizer. These polymer blends were able to form homogeneous mixtures, and the Patches were easily prepared by pouring them into a Petri-dish followed by drying in a hot air oven at 70 ± 2 °C. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and swelling ratio of the Patches depended on the amounts and types of polymer in the blends, and the types of plasticizers used. Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry showed that all the ingredients in the blended Patches were compatible. The release of NCT in vitro assay showed a monophasic slow release pattern that was affected by both the amounts and types of polymer without and with plasticizer. Adding plasticizers to polymer blends produced a faster release rate due to their greater hydrophilicity. PVA produced the most suitable polymer blends for the NCT Transdermal Patches. The release kinetics of NCT from both diffusion and dissolution type Patches were confirmed by the first order and Higuchi's models, respectively. In contrast, the permeation of NCT from the Patches into the skin occurred via zero order kinetics.
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Characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies of nicotine Transdermal Patches prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex blends
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2012Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Garnpimol C. Ritthidej, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Abstract The nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs) are available used for smoking cessation; however, they still should be developed for high efficacy and low cost. In this study, deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) were used as matrix membrane for nicotine (NCT) delivery. Several techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and SEM were used to characterize the compatibility of each ingredient in the blended Patches. A backing layer was used to protect NCT from volatilization. Five different types of backing layer were evaluated for their effects on in vitro release and skin permeation of NCT from the formulated matrix membranes. The backing layer with highest moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and lowest oxygen transmission (OT) supposed to give higher NCT release and skin permeation due to increasing of skin hydration and its occlusive effect. The kinetic of in vitro release and permeation was demonstrated the monophasic slow release pattern which confirmed by first order and zero order kinetics, respectively. Therefore, the backing layer could be appropriated and used conveniently in the preparation of NTPs.
Garnpimol C. Ritthidej - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deproteinised natural rubber used as a controlling layer membrane in reservoir type nicotine Transdermal Patches
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract Reservoir-type nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs), composed of a concentrated nicotine solution embedded between a backing layer and a controlling layer membrane, were constructed by a heat-sealing technique. The aim of this research was the preparation of a novel controlling layer membrane from deproteinised natural rubber latex (DNRL). The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation at breakage of the DNRL membrane were 0.23 ± 0.04 MPa and 604.46 ± 95.38%, respectively. The DNRL membrane existed as an amorphous phase and was poorly hygroscopic and dense. FT-IR and DSC analysis demonstrated that the membrane consisted almost entirely of isoprene functional groups with a T g of −64.79 °C. The effects of the DNRL membrane thickness (100–300 μm) and different nicotine concentrations in the reservoir (1.75–4.25 mg/cm 2 ) on the nicotine release rate and nicotine permeation through a pig skin membrane were studied in vitro. The in vitro nicotine release rate and skin permeation rate increased with decreasing membrane thickness and increasing nicotine content in the reservoir. The release and permeation profiles followed first- and zero-order kinetics, respectively. The release and permeation performance was similar to a commercially available Nicotinell TTS-20 patch. The newly developed NTPs were stable under storage in a tightly sealed container at 4 °C or at ambient temperature for up to 3 months. Thus, DNRL is suitable for use as a controlling layer membrane in NTPs in Transdermal drug delivery systems.
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nicotine Transdermal Patches using polymeric natural rubber as the matrix controlling system effect of polymer and plasticizer blends
Journal of Membrane Science, 2012Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract In this study, novel nicotine (NCT) Transdermal Patches were prepared using deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), methyl cellulose (MC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Either dibutylphthalate (DBP) or glycerin (GLY) was used as a plasticizer. These polymer blends were able to form homogeneous mixtures, and the Patches were easily prepared by pouring them into a Petri-dish followed by drying in a hot air oven at 70 ± 2 °C. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and swelling ratio of the Patches depended on the amounts and types of polymer in the blends, and the types of plasticizers used. Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry showed that all the ingredients in the blended Patches were compatible. The release of NCT in vitro assay showed a monophasic slow release pattern that was affected by both the amounts and types of polymer without and with plasticizer. Adding plasticizers to polymer blends produced a faster release rate due to their greater hydrophilicity. PVA produced the most suitable polymer blends for the NCT Transdermal Patches. The release kinetics of NCT from both diffusion and dissolution type Patches were confirmed by the first order and Higuchi's models, respectively. In contrast, the permeation of NCT from the Patches into the skin occurred via zero order kinetics.
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Characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies of nicotine Transdermal Patches prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex blends
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2012Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Garnpimol C. Ritthidej, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Abstract The nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs) are available used for smoking cessation; however, they still should be developed for high efficacy and low cost. In this study, deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) were used as matrix membrane for nicotine (NCT) delivery. Several techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and SEM were used to characterize the compatibility of each ingredient in the blended Patches. A backing layer was used to protect NCT from volatilization. Five different types of backing layer were evaluated for their effects on in vitro release and skin permeation of NCT from the formulated matrix membranes. The backing layer with highest moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and lowest oxygen transmission (OT) supposed to give higher NCT release and skin permeation due to increasing of skin hydration and its occlusive effect. The kinetic of in vitro release and permeation was demonstrated the monophasic slow release pattern which confirmed by first order and zero order kinetics, respectively. Therefore, the backing layer could be appropriated and used conveniently in the preparation of NTPs.
Prapaporn Boonme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Lidocaine Transdermal Patches from Natural Rubber Latex
2016Co-Authors: Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Hasleena Boontawee, Wiwat Pichayakorn DAbstract:Abstract. The mucous liquid of Hevea brasiliensis or Para rubber tree, called natural rubber latex (NRL), composes of cis-1,4-polyisoprene which can form a patch under suitable formulation. In this study, blank and 5 % lidocaine-loaded NRL Patches were formulated and then characterized for physicochemical properties as well as evaluated in vitro drug release and stability. The Patches were observed for their appearances. Surface morphology of the Patches was investigated using a SEM. XRD was employed to study the crystallinity of the drug, the patch, and the drug-loaded patch. The extractions of lidocaine-loaded Patches were analyzed for drug contents by HPLC. In vitro drug release study was performed using modified Franz diffusion cells. The Patches at initial preparation and after kept at 4, 25, and 45 °C for 3 months were investigated for the stability determination. The results suggested that NRL could be used as a main component in pharmaceutical Transdermal Patches with acceptable physicochemical properties. Lidocaine-loaded NRL Patches provided desirable drug release but high storage temperatures could age the Patches resulting in darken color and lower release amount
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deproteinised natural rubber used as a controlling layer membrane in reservoir type nicotine Transdermal Patches
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, 2013Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract Reservoir-type nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs), composed of a concentrated nicotine solution embedded between a backing layer and a controlling layer membrane, were constructed by a heat-sealing technique. The aim of this research was the preparation of a novel controlling layer membrane from deproteinised natural rubber latex (DNRL). The ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation at breakage of the DNRL membrane were 0.23 ± 0.04 MPa and 604.46 ± 95.38%, respectively. The DNRL membrane existed as an amorphous phase and was poorly hygroscopic and dense. FT-IR and DSC analysis demonstrated that the membrane consisted almost entirely of isoprene functional groups with a T g of −64.79 °C. The effects of the DNRL membrane thickness (100–300 μm) and different nicotine concentrations in the reservoir (1.75–4.25 mg/cm 2 ) on the nicotine release rate and nicotine permeation through a pig skin membrane were studied in vitro. The in vitro nicotine release rate and skin permeation rate increased with decreasing membrane thickness and increasing nicotine content in the reservoir. The release and permeation profiles followed first- and zero-order kinetics, respectively. The release and permeation performance was similar to a commercially available Nicotinell TTS-20 patch. The newly developed NTPs were stable under storage in a tightly sealed container at 4 °C or at ambient temperature for up to 3 months. Thus, DNRL is suitable for use as a controlling layer membrane in NTPs in Transdermal drug delivery systems.
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nicotine Transdermal Patches using polymeric natural rubber as the matrix controlling system effect of polymer and plasticizer blends
Journal of Membrane Science, 2012Co-Authors: Wiwat Pichayakorn, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Thanaporn Amnuaikit, Garnpimol C. RitthidejAbstract:Abstract In this study, novel nicotine (NCT) Transdermal Patches were prepared using deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), methyl cellulose (MC), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Either dibutylphthalate (DBP) or glycerin (GLY) was used as a plasticizer. These polymer blends were able to form homogeneous mixtures, and the Patches were easily prepared by pouring them into a Petri-dish followed by drying in a hot air oven at 70 ± 2 °C. The mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and swelling ratio of the Patches depended on the amounts and types of polymer in the blends, and the types of plasticizers used. Fourier transform spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry showed that all the ingredients in the blended Patches were compatible. The release of NCT in vitro assay showed a monophasic slow release pattern that was affected by both the amounts and types of polymer without and with plasticizer. Adding plasticizers to polymer blends produced a faster release rate due to their greater hydrophilicity. PVA produced the most suitable polymer blends for the NCT Transdermal Patches. The release kinetics of NCT from both diffusion and dissolution type Patches were confirmed by the first order and Higuchi's models, respectively. In contrast, the permeation of NCT from the Patches into the skin occurred via zero order kinetics.
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Characterization, in vitro release and permeation studies of nicotine Transdermal Patches prepared from deproteinized natural rubber latex blends
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2012Co-Authors: Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Garnpimol C. Ritthidej, Prapaporn Boonme, Wirach Taweepreda, Wiwat PichayakornAbstract:Abstract The nicotine Transdermal Patches (NTPs) are available used for smoking cessation; however, they still should be developed for high efficacy and low cost. In this study, deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blended with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) were used as matrix membrane for nicotine (NCT) delivery. Several techniques, i.e., FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and SEM were used to characterize the compatibility of each ingredient in the blended Patches. A backing layer was used to protect NCT from volatilization. Five different types of backing layer were evaluated for their effects on in vitro release and skin permeation of NCT from the formulated matrix membranes. The backing layer with highest moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) and lowest oxygen transmission (OT) supposed to give higher NCT release and skin permeation due to increasing of skin hydration and its occlusive effect. The kinetic of in vitro release and permeation was demonstrated the monophasic slow release pattern which confirmed by first order and zero order kinetics, respectively. Therefore, the backing layer could be appropriated and used conveniently in the preparation of NTPs.