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Young Kwan Sohn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synrift stratigraphic geometry in a Transfer Zone coarse grained delta complex miocene pohang basin se korea
Sedimentology, 2004Co-Authors: Young Kwan SohnAbstract:The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse-grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial-fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow-marine mouthbar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth-bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilberttype foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp-derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth-bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert-type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert-type and shoal-water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional Transfer Zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull-apart basin margin.
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Synrift stratigraphic geometry in a Transfer Zone coarse‐grained delta complex, Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea
Sedimentology, 2004Co-Authors: Young Kwan SohnAbstract:The Gojusan fan delta is a coarse-grained delta complex on the western margin of the Miocene Pohang Basin, SE Korea. The deposits consist of five facies associations (FA): alluvial-fan conglomerates (FA I), shallow-marine mouthbar sandstones (FA II), fluvial and mouth-bar conglomerates (FA III), Gilberttype foreset conglomerates (FA IV) and hemipelagic mudstones (FA V). Different facies associations characterize the northern, central and southern parts of the delta complex. To the north, FA IV is laterally juxtaposed with FA I or the basement, with scarp-derived breccias along the contact. Centrally, and to the south, FA I is laterally juxtaposed with FA II, with an abrupt facies change and local inliers of basement rocks along the contact. Early alluvial fan and mouth-bar deposits are overlain by the topset (FA III) and truncated by the foreset (FA IV) of a Gilbert-type delta in the central part of the fan delta complex, whereas FA II passes transitionally upward into FA III in the south, with the latter extending basinward into a gently inclined shoal water delta front. Gilbert-type and shoal-water geometries are therefore developed in the same delta complex. The composite delta geometry is interpreted as reflecting (1) its development near an extensional Transfer Zone where the hangingwall relief was variable over short distances along strike, and (2) the operation of intrabasinal faults. This interpretation contrasts with previous studies that viewed the delta complex as having formed along a pull-apart basin margin.
Sh Soleymani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cumulative right lateral fault slip rate across the zagros makran Transfer Zone role of the minab zendan fault system in accommodating arabia eurasia convergence in southeast iran
Geophysical Journal International, 2005Co-Authors: Vincent Regard, Olivier Bellier, J C Thomas, Didier Bourles, Sebastien Bonnet, M R Abbassi, Regis Braucher, Jonathan Mercier, Esmaeil Shabanian, Sh SoleymaniAbstract:The Zendan-Minab Zone is the transition Zone between the Zagros collision to the west and Makran subduction to the east. It is also linked to the north with the Nayband-Gowk fault system that bounds the Lut Block to the east. The total convergence rate between Arabia and Eurasia is estimated to range between 23 and 35 mm yr-1 in a NNE-trending direction. The deformation through the Minab-Zendan system is accommodated within two fault systems, the western N160°E-trending Minab-Zendan fault system and the eastern north-south Sabzevaran-Jiroft fault system. The study area is characterized by a well-defined succession of Quaternary deposit levels. The age of these deposits was estimated by archaeological data, regional palaeoclimate correlations and constrained by additional in situ10Be dating in another paper in this study. These deposits exhibit offsets, both lateral and vertical, that are evaluated by satellite image analysis and GPS profiles. Thanks to offsets and ages the strike-slip rates associated with the Minab-Zendan and the Sabzevaran-Jiroft fault systems are calculated to be 5.1 +/- 1.3 or 6.6 +/- 1.5, and 6.2 +/- 0.7 mm yr-1, respectively. These results allow an evaluation of the velocity vector of the Musandam Peninsula (Oman) with respect to the Lut Block of 11.4 +/- 2.0 or 12.9 +/- 2.2 mm yr-1 in a N10 +/- 15°E direction, close to the GPS estimates. This study also constrains the in-plane slip rates for each fault. Previous works indicate that the Zagros accommodates only 10 mm yr-1 of shortening, while 10 mm yr-1 should be accommodated by the Alborz mountains in northern Iran. This last 10 mm yr-1 may be accommodated through the Nayband-Gowk system and the East Iranian ranges, implying that the two fault systems constituting the Zagros-Makran Transfer Zone have different geodynamic roles. The western Minab-Zendan fault system links the Makran and Zagros deforming Zones, whereas the northwestern Jiroft-Sabzevaran fault system is transmitting the deformation to the Nayband-Gowk system and then to the Alborz ranges. The presence of another such strike-slip Zone within the Makran seems to indicate that the accommodation Zone between the Zagros and Makran is wide, of the order of 400 km. We interpret this deformation pattern that accompanies the genesis of the immature transform Zone by a flexure of the slab under the Zagros-Makran Transfer Zone instead of a tear in the slab that may be expected to induce a sharper transition Zone.
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accommodation of arabia eurasia convergence in the zagros makran Transfer Zone se iran a transition between collision and subduction through a young deforming system
Tectonics, 2004Co-Authors: Vincent Regard, Olivier Bellier, J C Thomas, M R Abbassi, Jonathan Mercier, Esmaeil Shabanian, K Feghhi, Sh SoleymaniAbstract:[1] At Iranian longitude, the Arabian plate is moving northward relative to Eurasia (∼20 mm yr−1 according to GPS). To the east, this relative motion is accommodated by northward subduction under the E-W Makran emerged accretionary prism. To the west, it is accommodated partly by the Zagros fold-and-thrust belt and partly by the Alborz/Kopet Dagh deforming Zones further north. This work investigates the NNW striking transition Zone that connects Zagros and Makran: the Minab-Zendan fault system. Satellite images, and structural and geomorphic field observations show a distributed deformation pattern covering a wide domain. Five north to NW trending major faults were identified. They exhibit evidence for late Quaternary reverse right-lateral slip, and correspond to two distinct fault systems: the western one Transferring the Zagros deformation to the Makran prism, and the eastern one northward Transferring the deformation to the Alborz/Kopet Dagh. Tectonic study and fault slip vector analyses indicate that two distinct tectonic regimes have occurred successively since the Miocene within a consistent regional NE trending compression: (1) an upper Miocene to Pliocene tectonic regime characterized by partitioned deformation, between reverse faulting and en echelon folding; (2) a NE trending σ1 axis transpressional regime homogeneously affecting the region since upper Pliocene. The change is contemporaneous with major tectonic reorganization regionally recorded. Therefore this study provides evidence for active deformation that is not localized, but distributed across a wide Zone. It accommodates the convergence and Transfers it from collision to subduction by transpressional tectonics without any partitioning process in the present-day period.
Ian R Sharp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a Transfer Zone coarse grained delta miocene suez rift egypt
Sedimentology, 2000Co-Authors: Mike J Young, Rob L Gawthorpe, Ian R SharpAbstract:This study focuses on Miocene sedimentation and stratigraphic evolution in a major Transfer Zone at the northern tip of the Thal Fault segment, Gulf of Suez. The succession generally shoals upwards from offshore mudstone containing pro-delta turbidites, into conglomeratic delta foresets and topsets, with sandstone-dominated shoreface facies coexisting laterally. Despite this upward shoaling, key stratal surfaces marking abrupt changes in relative sea-level allow the succession to be divided into four stratal units. The stacking pattern of the stratal units suggests an initial relative sea-level rise that generated a major marine flooding surface. A relative sea-level fall followed, resulting in widespread exposure and incision. During the ensuing relative sea-level rise a lowstand coarse-grained delta and coeval shoreface succession prograded several kilometres basinward. The stratigraphic development of the Transfer Zone delta is in marked contrast to that of aggradationally stacked deltas that occur near the centre of the Baba-Sidri fault segment, further south. At the Transfer Zone, low rates of subsidence and accommodation development coupled with a high sediment supply derived from a large fault tip drainage catchment have produced a strongly progradational delta subject to marked changes in relative sea-level. In the fault centre location, however, higher rates of accommodation development coupled with lower rates of sediment supply from footwall catchments have produced aggradationally stacked deltas. The results from this study have implications for sequence stratigraphic models and hydrocarbon exploration within extensional basins.
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Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a Transfer Zone coarse‐grained delta, Miocene Suez Rift, Egypt
Sedimentology, 2000Co-Authors: Mike J Young, Rob L Gawthorpe, Ian R SharpAbstract:This study focuses on Miocene sedimentation and stratigraphic evolution in a major Transfer Zone at the northern tip of the Thal Fault segment, Gulf of Suez. The succession generally shoals upwards from offshore mudstone containing pro-delta turbidites, into conglomeratic delta foresets and topsets, with sandstone-dominated shoreface facies coexisting laterally. Despite this upward shoaling, key stratal surfaces marking abrupt changes in relative sea-level allow the succession to be divided into four stratal units. The stacking pattern of the stratal units suggests an initial relative sea-level rise that generated a major marine flooding surface. A relative sea-level fall followed, resulting in widespread exposure and incision. During the ensuing relative sea-level rise a lowstand coarse-grained delta and coeval shoreface succession prograded several kilometres basinward. The stratigraphic development of the Transfer Zone delta is in marked contrast to that of aggradationally stacked deltas that occur near the centre of the Baba-Sidri fault segment, further south. At the Transfer Zone, low rates of subsidence and accommodation development coupled with a high sediment supply derived from a large fault tip drainage catchment have produced a strongly progradational delta subject to marked changes in relative sea-level. In the fault centre location, however, higher rates of accommodation development coupled with lower rates of sediment supply from footwall catchments have produced aggradationally stacked deltas. The results from this study have implications for sequence stratigraphic models and hydrocarbon exploration within extensional basins.
Alexandros Konstantinou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence for a long lived accommodation Transfer Zone beneath the snake river plain a possible influence on neogene magmatism
Tectonics, 2015Co-Authors: Alexandros Konstantinou, Elizabeth MillerAbstract:Geochronologic data compiled from 12 metamorphic core complexes and their flanking regions outline important differences in tectonic and magmatic histories north and south of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Province (SRP-Y). Magmatism, crustal flow, metamorphism, and extensional exhumation of core complexes north of the SRP occurred mostly between 55 and 42 Ma as compared to 42–25 Ma south of the SRP, with final exhumation of the southern complexes occurring only during younger Miocene (20–0 Ma) Basin and Range faulting. These significant differences in the timing of events suggest that the now lava-covered SRP, which is at a high angle to Cordilleran trends, may have at times operated as a steep shear or Transfer Zone accommodating difference in strain to the north and south. Following previous suggestions, we infer that this proposed accommodation or Transfer Zone developed above an important lithospheric boundary localized above a tear in the subducting slab (shallower slab angle to the south) used to explain both the locus of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene magmatism and the different ages and mechanisms of slab reconfiguration and removal north and south of the SRP during the Cenozoic. The details of these different histories help outline the complex evolution of this Zone and also suggest that this Zone of lithospheric weakness may have subsequently focused Miocene SRP-Y hot spot magmatism.
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Evidence for a long‐lived accommodation/Transfer Zone beneath the Snake River Plain: A possible influence on Neogene magmatism?
Tectonics, 2015Co-Authors: Alexandros Konstantinou, Elizabeth L. MillerAbstract:Geochronologic data compiled from 12 metamorphic core complexes and their flanking regions outline important differences in tectonic and magmatic histories north and south of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Province (SRP-Y). Magmatism, crustal flow, metamorphism, and extensional exhumation of core complexes north of the SRP occurred mostly between 55 and 42 Ma as compared to 42–25 Ma south of the SRP, with final exhumation of the southern complexes occurring only during younger Miocene (20–0 Ma) Basin and Range faulting. These significant differences in the timing of events suggest that the now lava-covered SRP, which is at a high angle to Cordilleran trends, may have at times operated as a steep shear or Transfer Zone accommodating difference in strain to the north and south. Following previous suggestions, we infer that this proposed accommodation or Transfer Zone developed above an important lithospheric boundary localized above a tear in the subducting slab (shallower slab angle to the south) used to explain both the locus of Late Cretaceous-Paleocene magmatism and the different ages and mechanisms of slab reconfiguration and removal north and south of the SRP during the Cenozoic. The details of these different histories help outline the complex evolution of this Zone and also suggest that this Zone of lithospheric weakness may have subsequently focused Miocene SRP-Y hot spot magmatism.
Bora Uzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strain Partitioning Between the Izmir-Balikesir Transfer Zone and the North Anatolian Fault Zone, NW Turkey
2020Co-Authors: Levent Tosun, Elif Çakır, Bora Uzel, Ökmen Sümer, Atilla Arda Özacar, Nuretdin Kaymakcı, Cor LangereisAbstract:<p>The present tectonic framework of the Western Anatolia has been dominated by two major deformations. The first one is the product of the slab-edge processes related to the convergence between Eurasian and African plates along with the Aegean-Cyprean subduction system since the Oligocene, and the second one is the westwards escape of Anatolian Block along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) since the late Miocene. The first one resulted in a widespread extensional deformation in the Western Anatolia and the Aegean region and is associated with slab-detachment and slab-tear processes that gave rise to the development of dynamic topography and various core-complexes (e.g., Cyclades and Menderes). Recent studies have shown that the deferential extensional strain between the core complexes in the region has been accommodated by strike-slip dominated Transfer Zones, the &#304;zmir-Bal&#305;kesir Transfer Zone (&#304;BTZ), which developed (sub)parallel to the extension direction and accommodate differential extension and rotational deformation in the region. The second one gave way to the development of a complex strike-slip deformation pattern and an array of pull-apart basin complexes throughout the northern margin of the Anatolian Block. The NAFZ and &#304;BTZ interact around the Bal&#305;kesir-Bursa region resulting in a very peculiar deformation style due to partitioning of strain between these major structures.<br>This study aims at unraveling how the strain partitioning operates between &#304;BTZ and NAFZ and to reveal the kinematic constraints that produced the present tectonic scheme in the region. The geometry and kinematics of the faults are determined by analyzing 2773 fault slip data obtained from 49 sites evenly distributed throughout the study area. The preliminary results show that the &#304;zmir-Bal&#305;kesir Transfer Zone localized after Miocene with the decoupling of strike-slip faults, and to the episodic exhumation of the metamorphic core complexes. The focal mechanism solutions of the recent earthquakes support this decoupling and manifest the seismic activity of the &#304;BTZ. This study is supported by a T&#252;bitak Project, Grant Number of 117R011.</p>
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structural evidence for strike slip deformation in the izmir balikesir Transfer Zone and consequences for late cenozoic evolution of western anatolia turkey
Journal of Geodynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Bora Uzel, Nuretdin Kaymakcı, Hasan Sozbilir, Caglar Ozkaymak, C G LangereisAbstract:Abstract The Izmir–Balikesir Transfer Zone (IBTZ) is a recently recognized strike-slip dominated shear Zone that accommodates the differential deformation between the Cycladic and Menderes core complexes within the Aegean Extensional System. Here, we present new structural and kinematic data obtained from field observations and 1/25,000 scale mapping of Miocene to Recent units within the IBTZ around Izmir Bay. The results point out that the IBTZ is a transtensional brittle shear Zone that affects the pre-Neogene basement rock units, the early-middle Miocene volcano-sedimentary units and the Plio–Quaternary continental units. The analysis of large-scale structures and fault kinematic data indicate that three different deformation phases prevailed in the Izmir Bay region during the late Cenozoic. The first phase (Phase 1) is characterized by N–S directed extension and E–W contraction that gave way to the development of strike-slip faults with normal components and likely took place during the early (?) to late Miocene. This transtensional phase, forming the volcano-sedimentary basin of deposition was overprinted by the second phase (Phase 2) which is characterized by variable extension and contraction directions indicating wrench- to extension-dominated transtension. The structures related to Phase 2 are observed all around the Izmir Bay and indicate a distributed nature of the deformation that probably took place during the early Pliocene, coeval with the end of the activity of the Mid-Cycladic Lineament and the last exhumation of the central Menderes Massif. The latest deformation phase (Phase 3) is characterized by an association of NW–SE trending left-lateral and NE–SW trending right-lateral strike-slip faults and E–W trending normal faults forming transtensional deformation. During Phase 3, the IBTZ evolved from a wider shear Zone into a relatively narrow discrete fault Zone by the late Pliocene, during which the strike-slip and extensional deformation were completely decoupled from each other. The field-based evidence for strike-slip deformation from the region has only recently been recognized, but has very important implications for understanding the deformation styles and coupling of Aegean–West Anatolian extensional deformation system along the IBTZ. We conclude that the Izmir Bay Basin developed during the Plio–Quaternary within the dextral IBTZ.
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tectonic implications of transtensional supradetachment basin development in an extension parallel Transfer Zone the kocacay basin western anatolia turkey
Basin Research, 2011Co-Authors: Hasan Sozbilir, Bora Uzel, Ökmen Sümer, Bilal Sarι, Serkan AkkirazAbstract:The Kocacay Basin (KCB) is a key area in western Anatolia – a well-known extended terrane where regional segmentation has received limited attention – for investigating strike-slip faults kinematically linked to detachment faults. In this paper, we present results of an integrated sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural study of Miocene alluvial fan/fan-delta/lacustrine deposits that accumulated in the KCB, a NE-trending basin with connections to the Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex (MCC). We mapped and evaluated most of the key faults in the KCB, many for the first time, and recognised different deformation events in the study area near the E margin of the MCC. We also present field evidence for kinematic connections between low-angle normal and strike-slip faults which were developed in an intermittently active basement-involved Transfer Zone in western Anatolia. We find that the KCB contains a detailed record of Miocene transtensional sedimentation and volcanism that accompanied exhumation of the MCC. Structural data reveal that the basin was initially formed by transtension (D1 phase) and subsequently uplifted and deformed, probably as a result of early Pliocene wrench- to extension-dominated deformation (D2 phase) overprinted by Plio-Quaternary extensional tectonics (D3 phase). These results are consistent with progressive deformation wherein the axis of maximum extension remained in the horizontal plane but the intermediate and maximum shortening axes switched position in the vertical plane. Combining our results with published studies, we propose a new working hypothesis that the KCB was a transtensional supradetachment basin during the Miocene. The hypothesis could provide new insights into intermittently active extension-parallel Zone of weakness in western Anatolia.These results also suggest that the termination of low-angle normal fault systems within an extension parallel Transfer Zone may have resulted in a transtensional depressions which are different from classical supradetachment basins with respect to the sedimentation and deformational pattern of the basin infills.
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Tectonic implications of transtensional supradetachment basin development in an extension‐parallel Transfer Zone: the Kocaçay Basin, western Anatolia, Turkey
Basin Research, 2010Co-Authors: Hasan Sozbilir, Bora Uzel, Ökmen Sümer, Bilal Sarι, Serkan AkkirazAbstract:The Kocacay Basin (KCB) is a key area in western Anatolia – a well-known extended terrane where regional segmentation has received limited attention – for investigating strike-slip faults kinematically linked to detachment faults. In this paper, we present results of an integrated sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural study of Miocene alluvial fan/fan-delta/lacustrine deposits that accumulated in the KCB, a NE-trending basin with connections to the Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex (MCC). We mapped and evaluated most of the key faults in the KCB, many for the first time, and recognised different deformation events in the study area near the E margin of the MCC. We also present field evidence for kinematic connections between low-angle normal and strike-slip faults which were developed in an intermittently active basement-involved Transfer Zone in western Anatolia. We find that the KCB contains a detailed record of Miocene transtensional sedimentation and volcanism that accompanied exhumation of the MCC. Structural data reveal that the basin was initially formed by transtension (D1 phase) and subsequently uplifted and deformed, probably as a result of early Pliocene wrench- to extension-dominated deformation (D2 phase) overprinted by Plio-Quaternary extensional tectonics (D3 phase). These results are consistent with progressive deformation wherein the axis of maximum extension remained in the horizontal plane but the intermediate and maximum shortening axes switched position in the vertical plane. Combining our results with published studies, we propose a new working hypothesis that the KCB was a transtensional supradetachment basin during the Miocene. The hypothesis could provide new insights into intermittently active extension-parallel Zone of weakness in western Anatolia.These results also suggest that the termination of low-angle normal fault systems within an extension parallel Transfer Zone may have resulted in a transtensional depressions which are different from classical supradetachment basins with respect to the sedimentation and deformational pattern of the basin infills.
