The Experts below are selected from a list of 79767 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Pekka Leviäkangas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Open government data policy and value added - Evidence on Transport Safety agency case
Technology in Society, 2020Co-Authors: Pekka Leviäkangas, Riitta MolariusAbstract:Abstract Open government data (OGD) is expected to generate economic growth and boost innovation. To demonstrate how open government data was utilised by business actors and how the data translated into economic gross value added, the case of Finnish Transport Safety Agency's data is shown. The estimated annual increased marginal turnover enabled by the OGD of the private companies yielded to a minimum of 102 million EUR. The estimated annual gross value added to the economy based on the use of OGD was 41 million EUR. The industries benefitting the most from open data policy were the insurance and financial services, marketing and publishing.
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From internal efficiency to societal benefits – Multi modal Transport Safety agency's socio-economic impact analysis
Research in Transportation Economics, 2017Co-Authors: Petri Mononen, Pekka Leviäkangas, Harri HaapasaloAbstract:Pressures to cut public expenditure and to reach high value for money of projects that use scarce public money are evident across the globe. At the same time there seems to be a lack of decision support tools for pin-pointing whether public services are yielding net benefits. Accountability is called for but the ‘accounting systems’ that validate the right choices in service delivery are not yet thoroughly established. As a response, an impact evaluation via a real-world case study of a multi-modal Transport Safety agency is presented. The main contribution of this article is methodological, including a summary of study cordoning; description of methods to map impact mechanisms; quantification of socio-economic impacts of services; the benefit to cost (B/C) appraisal of services and service bundles, and evaluation of an agency's overall B/C ratio by applying the findings to systems level. The described analytical process is repeatable elsewhere with modifications or as it stands.
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Transport Safety agency's success indicators – How well does a performance management system perform?
Transport Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Petri Mononen, Pekka LeviäkangasAbstract:Whereas Transport Safety research has long and established traditions, the pivotal public task of integrally governing, managing and overseeing Transport Safety in an effective and socio-economically cost efficient manner is yet a largely uncharted area within science. Therefore, it should not be taken for granted that all public resources are allocated where they add value the most. This is due in part to historical reasons and the inertia within how governments respond to changes around them. This article investigates the performance management system of a national Transportation Safety agency with qualitative methods. First, it introduces the evolution history and the surrounding institutional architecture of the agency. Next, the goal-setting, steering and management control mechanisms are described, followed by a cross-check of mandated tasks and objectives and the associated performance indicators. The main finding is that significant gaps between stated policy objectives, operational annual performance targets and available indicators can be identified. Especially with regard to societal objectives, the steering framework turns out to provide less than comprehensive coverage. Performance indicators for some major objectives are missing and vice versa, some measurement metrics do not seem to link clearly to set objectives. Not all the set objectives need (or even could) necessarily be measured, but certain shortcomings in the performance control system may prove critical. The findings imply that there is a risk of sub-optimal use of public resources if the targets and indicators of agencies are not thoroughly considered so that they logically cover agencies' mandates. The implications of the discovered gaps are outlined, together with recommendations for a more balanced approach. The analysis concludes with some recommended steps in order to cover the blind spots. With the aid of these steps, performance management systems can be improved to better meet policy and societal objectives.
Mingbin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of root-zone vertical soil moisture heterogeneity on water Transport Safety in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in Robinia pseudoacacia
Agricultural Water Management, 2021Co-Authors: Zhongdian Zhang, Mingbin HuangAbstract:Abstract Soil moisture in root zone is highly heterogeneous in space, while its effect on water Transport Safety in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted vertical spilt-root experiments in R. pseudoacacia using loamy clay and sandy loam soils in greenhouse, and measured the dynamics of midday transpiration rate, predawn and midday leaf water potential with the lower root zone remaining drought and the upper root zone undergoing the drought-rewatered-drought process. The plant supply-demand hydraulic model was calibrated with the measured data, indicating that the model could efficiently simulate SPAC water Transport in R. pseudoacacia under the condition of vertical soil moisture heterogeneity. On this basis, we set various combinations of soil moisture in the upper and lower root zones under different soil types and atmospheric evaporative demands in the model, and simulated the variations of indicators describing water Transport Safety in SPAC, including actual transpiration rate (E), the critical leaf transpiration rate at hydraulic failure (Ecrit), hydraulic Safety margin (HSM), and percentage loss of soil-plant hydraulic conductance (PLK). The numerical simulations suggested that the water Transport Safety in SPAC varied substantially with vertical soil moisture heterogeneity, and the responses were impacted by soil types and atmospheric evaporative demand. With decreasing soil moisture in the upper root zone (SMCup), Ecrit, E and HSM remained steady at first and then decreased rapidly when SMCup below a threshold, while PLK exhibited an opposite trend. With decreasing soil moisture in the lower root-zone (SMCdown), the curves of Ecrit, E and HSM presented a descending trend, while the curve of PLK went up. Water Transport Safety in SPAC declined with decreasing SWCup and SWCdown and became more sensitive to SWCup with a lower SWCdown. SWCdown had greater impact on water Transport Safety in SPAC under coarser-textured soil with higher atmospheric evaporative demand. The results were supplemental to the traditional analysis of soil water availability to plants under homogeneous condition, and would be helpful for analyzing functional difference of water storage in different soil depths as well as for optimizing water resource management.
Afshin Shariat Mohaymany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of parental risk judgements, Transport Safety attitudes, Transport priorities and accident experiences on pupils’ walking to school
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2017Co-Authors: Milad Mehdizadeh, Trond Nordfjærn, Amir Reza Mamdoohi, Afshin Shariat MohaymanyAbstract:Walking to school could improve pupils' health condition and might also reduce the use of motorized Transport modes, which leads to both traffic congestion and air pollution. The current study aims to examine the role of parental risk judgements (i.e. risk perception and worry), Transport Safety attitudes, Transport priorities and accident experiences on pupils' walking and mode choices on school trips in Iran, a country with poor road Safety records. A total of 1078 questionnaires were randomly distributed among pupils at nine public and private schools in January 2014 in Rasht, Iran. Results from valid observations (n=711) showed that parents with high probability assessments of accidents and strong worry regarding pupils' accident risk while walking were less likely to let their children walk to school. Parents with high Safety knowledge were also more likely to allow their pupils to walk to school. Parents who prioritized convenience and accessibility in Transport had a stronger tendency to choose motorized modes over walking modes. Also, parents who prioritized Safety and security in Transport were less likely to allow pupils to walk to school. Elasticities results showed that a one percent increase in priorities of convenience and accessibility, priorities of Safety and security, car ownership and walking time from home to school reduced walking among pupils by a probability of 0.62, 0.20, 0.86 and 0.57%, respectively. A one percent increase in parental Safety knowledge increased the walking probability by around 0.25%. A 1 unit increase in parental probability assessment and worry towards pupils' walking, decreased the probability of choosing walking mode by 0.11 and 0.05, respectively. Policy-makers who aim to promote walking to schools should improve Safety and security of the walking facilities and increase parental Safety knowledge.
Zhongdian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of root-zone vertical soil moisture heterogeneity on water Transport Safety in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum in Robinia pseudoacacia
Agricultural Water Management, 2021Co-Authors: Zhongdian Zhang, Mingbin HuangAbstract:Abstract Soil moisture in root zone is highly heterogeneous in space, while its effect on water Transport Safety in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted vertical spilt-root experiments in R. pseudoacacia using loamy clay and sandy loam soils in greenhouse, and measured the dynamics of midday transpiration rate, predawn and midday leaf water potential with the lower root zone remaining drought and the upper root zone undergoing the drought-rewatered-drought process. The plant supply-demand hydraulic model was calibrated with the measured data, indicating that the model could efficiently simulate SPAC water Transport in R. pseudoacacia under the condition of vertical soil moisture heterogeneity. On this basis, we set various combinations of soil moisture in the upper and lower root zones under different soil types and atmospheric evaporative demands in the model, and simulated the variations of indicators describing water Transport Safety in SPAC, including actual transpiration rate (E), the critical leaf transpiration rate at hydraulic failure (Ecrit), hydraulic Safety margin (HSM), and percentage loss of soil-plant hydraulic conductance (PLK). The numerical simulations suggested that the water Transport Safety in SPAC varied substantially with vertical soil moisture heterogeneity, and the responses were impacted by soil types and atmospheric evaporative demand. With decreasing soil moisture in the upper root zone (SMCup), Ecrit, E and HSM remained steady at first and then decreased rapidly when SMCup below a threshold, while PLK exhibited an opposite trend. With decreasing soil moisture in the lower root-zone (SMCdown), the curves of Ecrit, E and HSM presented a descending trend, while the curve of PLK went up. Water Transport Safety in SPAC declined with decreasing SWCup and SWCdown and became more sensitive to SWCup with a lower SWCdown. SWCdown had greater impact on water Transport Safety in SPAC under coarser-textured soil with higher atmospheric evaporative demand. The results were supplemental to the traditional analysis of soil water availability to plants under homogeneous condition, and would be helpful for analyzing functional difference of water storage in different soil depths as well as for optimizing water resource management.
G.j. Dicke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Appraising the Application of the Transport Regulations at the State Level-The Iaea Transport Safety Appraisal Service
International Journal of Radioactive Materials Transport, 2013Co-Authors: R. B. Pope, G.j. DickeAbstract:Abstract At the request of its Member States the IAEA has established a service to provide Transport Safety appraisals for requesting states. This service allows a state to have an independent peer review of its radioactive material Transport regulatory activities. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of the Transport Safety Appraisal Service, and a summary of the findings of the appraisal undertaken by an international team of experts for the United Kingdom.
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The IAEA Transport Safety appraisal service (TranSAS)
Packaging Transport Storage & Security of Radioactive Material, 2004Co-Authors: G.j. DickeAbstract:AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the IAEA Transport Safety Appraisal Service (TranSAS) established in 1998, and covers the objectives, scope of the appraisals and the administrative processes. Six appraisals have been completed to date and these are described and summarised.
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INTERNATIONAL Transport Safety RESEARCH
2000Co-Authors: R. R. Rawl, G.j. Dicke, R. B. Pope, X. Bernard-bruls, L. G. BlalockAbstract:The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), periodically publishes the Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials, which serve as regulations for its own activities and as a model for regulations issued by international organizations and domestic regulatory bodies throughout the world. In order to support technical considerations for revisions to these Regulations, the IAEA may undertake Coordinated Research Programs in which Member States and international organizations may offer to participate. Five such programs are currently active in the area of radioactive material Transport Safety, and the purpose and status of each of these is discussed in this paper.
