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Rodrigo O A Ozorio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiopathological responses of sole solea senegalensis subjected to bacterial infection and handling Stress after probiotic treatment with autochthonous bacteria
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Maria Joao Peixoto, A Domingues, S Batista, Jose Goncalves, A Gomes, S Cunha, Luisa M P Valente, Benjamin Costas, Rodrigo O A OzorioAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of four autochthonous bacteria isolated from juvenile sole (Solea senegalensis) intestine as dietary probiotic supplement against bacterial pathogen infection and handling/Transport Stressors. Growth performance and immune responses were evaluated after 85 days of feeding trial. Sole (IBW = 16.07 ± 0.11 g) were fed six experimental diets, a control diet (CTRL, without the dietary probiotic supplementation), and five diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria: PB1 (Shewanella hafniensis), PB2 (Enterococcus raffinosus), PB3 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli), PB4 (Pseudomonas protegens + Arthrobacter soli) and PB5 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli + Enterococcus raffinosus). All bacteria were selected based on their in vitro antimicrobial activity. After the growth trial, fish were submitted to a Stress factor (Transport) and then each dietary group was divided in two additional groups: non-infected (placebo) and infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Immune and antioxidant responses were evaluated at day 10 post-infection. In infection trial A, fish were infected on the same day of Transport, whereas in trial B fish were infected after a 7-day recovery from the Transport Stress. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with PB2 and PB4 showed lower final body weight when compared with the other dietary groups. Respiratory burst activity and nitric oxide production were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Fish fed with PB5 presented lower peroxidase activity compared to CTRL. Lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) showed no significant differences between treatments. The innate immune responses were significantly affected after handling Stress and bacterial infection. In trial A, the ACH50 levels of infected fish were significantly lower than the placebo groups. On the other hand, in trial B fish infected with Pdp demonstrated higher ACH50 levels when compared to placebos. Peroxidase levels were strongly modulated by bacterial infection and handling Stress. In trials A and B, infection had a clear downgrade effect in peroxidase levels. Lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were altered by both bacterial infection and Transport. Overall, dietary probiotic supplementation did not influence growth performance of sole. The immune and oxidative defenses of sole responded differently to infection depending on the probiotic and the synergy between pathogen infection and Transport.
Felix Wäckers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular and cellular profiles of insect bacteriocytes: mutualism and harm at the initial evolutionary step of symbiogenesis.
Cellular microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Caroline Anselme, Huawei Xin, Yvan Rahbé, Felix WäckersAbstract:Intracellular symbiosis is considered to be a driving force in eukaryotic cell evolution. In insects, little is known about the molecular bases of the bacteria-bearing host cells (bacteriocytes), particularly in the initial steps of symbiosis, where the bacterial genome has not experienced severe gene deletions because of evolutionary constraints associated with intracellular and vertical transmission. Here, we have applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-subtracted cDNA and reverse Northern analysis on the bacteriocytes of a recently established endosymbiosis, the weevil Sitophilus zeamais, to discover genes of potential relevance to bacteriocyte genetics. We provide a broad characterization of bacteriocyte transcriptional responses to intracellular bacteria, including pathways covering metabolism-Transport-Stress (MTS), cell signalling and trafficking, growth and apoptosis, as well as innate immunity. MTS genes show an intriguing diabetes-like pathogenic profile associated with increased Stress, as indicated by high levels of upregulations of carbohydrate Transporters, aldose reductases and Stress-related genes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tissue carbohydrate contents highlighted an increased carbohydrate assimilation in symbiotic insects and the prevalence of a polyol biosynthetic pathway, as indicated by the accumulation of sorbitol, mannitol and fructose in the bacteriocytes. These findings provide the first genetic perspectives on the nature of the interaction between insect and cooperative bacteria. They unravel the profound insect bacteriocyte Stress associated with increased metabolism and cell trafficking, and they shed light on the potential role of the innate immunity during the pathogeny-mutualism transition at the initial stage of insect symbiogenesis.
Maria Joao Peixoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physiopathological responses of sole solea senegalensis subjected to bacterial infection and handling Stress after probiotic treatment with autochthonous bacteria
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Maria Joao Peixoto, A Domingues, S Batista, Jose Goncalves, A Gomes, S Cunha, Luisa M P Valente, Benjamin Costas, Rodrigo O A OzorioAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of four autochthonous bacteria isolated from juvenile sole (Solea senegalensis) intestine as dietary probiotic supplement against bacterial pathogen infection and handling/Transport Stressors. Growth performance and immune responses were evaluated after 85 days of feeding trial. Sole (IBW = 16.07 ± 0.11 g) were fed six experimental diets, a control diet (CTRL, without the dietary probiotic supplementation), and five diets supplemented with probiotic bacteria: PB1 (Shewanella hafniensis), PB2 (Enterococcus raffinosus), PB3 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli), PB4 (Pseudomonas protegens + Arthrobacter soli) and PB5 (Shewanella hafniensis + Arthrobacter soli + Enterococcus raffinosus). All bacteria were selected based on their in vitro antimicrobial activity. After the growth trial, fish were submitted to a Stress factor (Transport) and then each dietary group was divided in two additional groups: non-infected (placebo) and infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Immune and antioxidant responses were evaluated at day 10 post-infection. In infection trial A, fish were infected on the same day of Transport, whereas in trial B fish were infected after a 7-day recovery from the Transport Stress. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with PB2 and PB4 showed lower final body weight when compared with the other dietary groups. Respiratory burst activity and nitric oxide production were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Fish fed with PB5 presented lower peroxidase activity compared to CTRL. Lysozyme and alternative complement pathway activity (ACH50) showed no significant differences between treatments. The innate immune responses were significantly affected after handling Stress and bacterial infection. In trial A, the ACH50 levels of infected fish were significantly lower than the placebo groups. On the other hand, in trial B fish infected with Pdp demonstrated higher ACH50 levels when compared to placebos. Peroxidase levels were strongly modulated by bacterial infection and handling Stress. In trials A and B, infection had a clear downgrade effect in peroxidase levels. Lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were altered by both bacterial infection and Transport. Overall, dietary probiotic supplementation did not influence growth performance of sole. The immune and oxidative defenses of sole responded differently to infection depending on the probiotic and the synergy between pathogen infection and Transport.
G R Huff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of yeast feed supplementation on turkey performance and pathogen colonization in a Transport Stress escherichia coli challenge
Poultry Science, 2013Co-Authors: G R Huff, W. E. Huff, N C Rath, S Jalukar, J Oppy, B PackialakshmiAbstract:A commercial yeast culture feed supplement (YC; Celmanax SCP, Vi-COR, Mason City, IA) was provided to turkeys throughout a 16-wk grow-out to determine if it would prevent the effects of Stress on production and pathogen colonization. The YC was provided either continuously at 100 g/t (YC-CS) or intermittently during times of Stress at 200 g/t (YC-IS). Birds were Stressed with an environmental challenge of Escherichia coli and by Transporting them in a vehicle for 3 h after which they were penned in new social groups, without feed or water, for an additional 9 h. Turkeys were Transported and challenged at 6, 12, and 16 wk of age to model the movement of birds within a 3-stage housing system. The YC-IS was provided only for the first week after hatch and for a 1-wk period encompassing each challenge. At wk 7 and 9, a decrease in BW of challenged birds was prevented by YC-IS but not YC-CS. There were no significant differences in BW due to either challenge or YC during wk 11 and 13. At wk 16, the challenge decreased BW, but there was no improvement in either of the YC treatments. Overall feed conversion ratio (FCR) was increased by Transport/E. coli (P 0.05). The YC-IS also tended to decrease Salmonella isolation (P > 0.05) with no effect on Campylobacter isolation. These data suggest that the practice of Transporting turkeys decreases performance and that YC-IS may be more effective than YC-CS for alleviating the effects of this Stressor on feed efficiency.
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effects of dietary yeast extract on turkey Stress response and heterophil oxidative burst activity
British Poultry Science, 2011Co-Authors: G R Huff, W. E. Huff, Vikrant Dutta, N C RathAbstract:1. Effective nutritional approaches to counteract the negative effects of Stress may provide food animal producers with useful alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, turkeys were fed on a standard diet, or the same diet supplemented with yeast extract (YE), to determine if YE would improve disease resistance in a Stress model. 2. At 16 weeks of age, half of the birds were exposed to a bacterial challenge using a coarse spray of the pen environment. A subset of control and challenged birds was also treated with dexamethasone (Dex) prior to challenge (Dex/challenge). At 18 weeks, another subset was subjected to a 12 h Transport Stress protocol (Challenge/Transport). All birds were bled and necropsied the morning after Transport. The numbers and proportions of blood cells and the heterophil oxidative burst activity (OBA) were determined. Serum corticosterone (Cort) levels of male birds were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Body weight and gain were increased by YE during week 1. 3. YE decreased mo...
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bacterial clearance heterophil function and hematological parameters of Transport Stressed turkey poults supplemented with dietary yeast extract
Poultry Science, 2010Co-Authors: G R Huff, W. E. Huff, Solis F De Los Santos, M B Farnell, N C Rath, A M DonoghueAbstract:Yeast extracts (YE) contain biological response modifiers that may be useful as alternatives to antibiotics for controlling pathogens in poultry production and mitigating the deleterious effects of production Stressors. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of a commercial dietary YE (Alphamune) to modulate the immune response in male turkey poults challenged with Escherichia coli and subjected to Transport Stress. Alphamune was added to turkey poult diets at 0, 500, or 1,000 g/ton. Poults were challenged by air sac injection with 60 cfu of E. coli at 1 wk of age. At 3 wk of age, these challenged birds were subjected to Transport Stress and birds were bled and necropsied the following morning. Blood cell numbers and percentages, hematological parameters, and clinical chemistry values were determined. Oxidative burst activity of isolated heterophils was measured using stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Data were analyzed using GLM and least squares means procedures of the SAS program. The numbers and percentages of heterophils in peripheral blood were increased and their oxidative burst activity was stimulated by YE. The Stress challenge dramatically increased oxidative burst and this increase was significantly modulated by YE treatment. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides were decreased and uric acid levels, erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased by YE supplementation. Bacteria were isolated from the air sac and liver of a lower percentage of birds provided with YE. These results suggest that dietary YE has potential as a nonantibiotic alternative for decreasing bacterial pathogens in turkey production.
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effects of a dietary yeast extract on hematological parameters heterophil function and bacterial clearance in turkey poults challenged with escherichia coli and subjected to Transport Stress
World Poultry Science Association Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition Strasbourg France 26-30 August 2007, 2007Co-Authors: G R Huff, W. E. Huff, M B Farnell, N C Rath, F S De Los Santos, A M DonoghueAbstract:There is a need to develop nutritional methods for controlling pathogens in poultry production. A standardized yeast extract supplement, AlphamuneTM (YE), was added to turkey poult diets. Male poults were challenged by air sac injection with 60 cfu of E. coli at 1 week of age. At 3 weeks of age challenged birds were subjected to Transport Stress and birds were bled and necropsied the following morning. Blood cell numbers and percentages and hematological parameters were determined. Oxidative burst activity of isolated heterophils was measured using stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and a 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. Data was analyzed using GLM and LS Means procedures of the SAS program. The percentage of heterophils in peripheral blood was increased and their oxidative burst activity was stimulated by YE. Transport Stress also increased oxidative burst and this increase was modulated by YE treatment. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides were decreased and uric acid levels, erythrocyte numbers, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by YE supplementation. Bacteria were isolated from the air sac and liver of a lower percentage of birds provided with YE. These results suggest that dietary YE has potential as a non-antibiotic alternative for decreasing bacterial pathogens in turkey production. __________________________________________________________________________________
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Stress response differences and disease susceptibility reflected by heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in turkeys selected for increased body weight
Poultry Science, 2005Co-Authors: G R Huff, W. E. Huff, N C Rath, J M Balog, N B Anthony, K E NestorAbstract:Abstract Three genetic lines of turkeys were compared for their responses to Escherichia coli challenge following dexamethasone injection (Dex) or E. coli challenge preceding Transport Stress (TS). The turkey lines were a slow growing line selected for increased egg production (Egg line), a fast growing line selected for increased 16-wk BW (F line), and a commercial line (Comm line). At 14 wk of age, the Dex group was treated with 3 injections of 2 mg of Dex/kg of BW followed by airsac challenge with 100 cfu of E. coli. The TS group was given the same E. coli challenge at 1 x 10(4) cfu/bird without Dex treatment, and was subjected to Transport Stress, including 12 h of holding time in a Transport vehicle, 8 d after the challenge. All treated birds and untreated control birds were bled at the same time, which was 1 d after Transport and 9 d after challenge with E. coli. The main effect mean (MEM) total leukocyte counts (WBC) and the percentages of eosinophils (Eos) and basophils (Baso) were the same for all 3 lines; however, the MEM percentages of heterophils (Het) and monocytes (Mono) and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L) were lower and the percentage of lymphocytes (Lym) was higher in the Egg line compared with the 2 fast-growing lines. Both Stress treatments increased WBC, Het, and H/L and decreased Lym in all 3 lines; however, these effects were significantly greater in both fast growing lines compared with the Egg line. Sixteen-week BW was unaffected by either treatment in the Egg line and was decreased by both treatments in the Comm line and by the Dex treatment in the F line. Main effect mean airsacculitis score (AS) was not affected by line and was significantly increased by TS and Dex treatments. Neither treatment affected AS of the Egg line birds, whereas Dex treatment increased AS of the F line, and both Dex and TS increased AS of the Comm line. Mortality was significantly higher in the Comm line compared with the Egg line and was intermediate in the F line. The differences between these lines in their disease resistance and physiological response to Stress in 2 Stress models suggests that increasing selection for BW of turkeys is accompanied by changes in the Stress response resulting in increased susceptibility to opportunistic bacterial infection.
Caroline Anselme - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular and cellular profiles of insect bacteriocytes: mutualism and harm at the initial evolutionary step of symbiogenesis.
Cellular microbiology, 2004Co-Authors: Caroline Anselme, Huawei Xin, Yvan Rahbé, Felix WäckersAbstract:Intracellular symbiosis is considered to be a driving force in eukaryotic cell evolution. In insects, little is known about the molecular bases of the bacteria-bearing host cells (bacteriocytes), particularly in the initial steps of symbiosis, where the bacterial genome has not experienced severe gene deletions because of evolutionary constraints associated with intracellular and vertical transmission. Here, we have applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-subtracted cDNA and reverse Northern analysis on the bacteriocytes of a recently established endosymbiosis, the weevil Sitophilus zeamais, to discover genes of potential relevance to bacteriocyte genetics. We provide a broad characterization of bacteriocyte transcriptional responses to intracellular bacteria, including pathways covering metabolism-Transport-Stress (MTS), cell signalling and trafficking, growth and apoptosis, as well as innate immunity. MTS genes show an intriguing diabetes-like pathogenic profile associated with increased Stress, as indicated by high levels of upregulations of carbohydrate Transporters, aldose reductases and Stress-related genes. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tissue carbohydrate contents highlighted an increased carbohydrate assimilation in symbiotic insects and the prevalence of a polyol biosynthetic pathway, as indicated by the accumulation of sorbitol, mannitol and fructose in the bacteriocytes. These findings provide the first genetic perspectives on the nature of the interaction between insect and cooperative bacteria. They unravel the profound insect bacteriocyte Stress associated with increased metabolism and cell trafficking, and they shed light on the potential role of the innate immunity during the pathogeny-mutualism transition at the initial stage of insect symbiogenesis.
