The Experts below are selected from a list of 105291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rodger J Pack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucociliary function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
Intensive Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J PackAbstract:Objective: To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range (37 �C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)) altered mu- cus Transport Velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University research labora- tory. Subjects: Farm-reared sheep. Interventions: Tracheae were mount- ed flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mu- cus Transport Velocity (MTV) by
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mucociliary function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
Intensive Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J PackAbstract:To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range [37 °C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)] altered mucus Transport Velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Controlled laboratory study. University research laboratory. Farm-reared sheep. Tracheae were mounted flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mucus Transport Velocity (MTV) by timing movement. After 2 h at 37 °C (100% RH) the tissue was either maintained with those settings (controls), or the air temperature reduced to 34 °C or 30 °C. Tissue was taken for histology before and after each experiment. CBF was 19.8±2.7 beats/s and MTV 5.7±2.6 mm/min in tissue exposed to air at 37 °C. Cilial activity continued for up to 6 h in the controls but mucus Transport was more fragile. Reduction of the air temperature to either 34 °C or 30 °C led to a decrease in both CBF and MTV and, frequently, total mucociliary failure. There was a reduction in epithelial mucous cell numbers in all preparations. Tissues exposed to low temperature had additional abnormal histology. Delivery of inspired gas at 30 °C, or even 34 °C, with 100% RH may not be sufficient to prevent epithelial damage occurring during 6 h exposure.
Stan Kunigelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of electronic cigarette ecig generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke on the mucociliary Transport Velocity mtv using the bullfrog r catesbiana palate paradigm
Frontiers in Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dominic L Palazzolo, John M Nelson, Emily A Ely, Andrew P Crow, James Distin, Stan KunigelisAbstract:Background: While ECIGs are under scrutiny concerning safety, particularly in reference to the physiological impact that aerosolized ECIG liquid (E-liquid) may have on respiratory tissues, others believe that ECIGs are a “Harm Reduction” alternative to conventional cigarettes. Previous studies investigating ciliated respiratory epithelium indicate that smoking shortens cilia length, reduces cilia beat frequency and disrupts respiratory epithelium, which most likely contributes to the inhibition of mucocilliary clearance. Monitoring mucous clearance of respiratory tissues exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol or conventional cigarette smoke, as indexed by mucous Transport Velocity (MTV), is one way to gauge the impact aerosol and smoke have on the respiratory tract. Therefore, we designed an experiment to test the effect of ECIG-generated aerosol and smoke on MTV using the frog palate paradigm. Methods: Peristaltic pumps Transport ECIG-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke into custom-made chambers containing excised bullfrog palates. MTVs were determined before exposure, immediately after exposure and approximately one day following exposure. MTVs were also determined (at the same time points) for palates exposed to air (control). Surface and cross sectional SEM images of palates from all three groups were obtained to support MTV data. Results: The results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has a modest inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on MTV one day post-exposure (0.09±0.01) compared to control MTV (0.16±0.03 mm/sec mm/sec). In contrast, smoke completely inhibits MTV from 0.14±0.03 mm/sec immediately before exposure to 0.00 mm/sec immediately after exposure and the MTV is unable to recover one day later. SEM images of control palates and palates exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol both show cilia throughout their epithelial surface, while some areas of palates exposed to smoke are completely devoid of cilia. Additionally, the epithelial thickness of aerosol-exposed palates appears thicker than control palates while smoke-exposed palates appear to be thinner due to epithelial disruption. Conclusions: These results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has only a modest effect on mucocilary clearance of bullfrog palates and aerosol sedimentation accounts for epithelial thickening. In accordance with the primary literature, conventional cigarette smoke dramatically inhibits mucociliary clearance and is, in part, due to decreased number of cilia and disruption of the smoke-exposed epithelium.
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The Effects of Electronic Cigarette (ECIG)-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Mucociliary Transport Velocity (MTV) Using the Bullfrog (R. catesbiana) Palate Paradigm
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Dominic L Palazzolo, John M Nelson, Emily A Ely, Andrew P Crow, James Distin, Stan KunigelisAbstract:Background: While ECIGs are under scrutiny concerning safety, particularly in reference to the physiological impact that aerosolized ECIG liquid (E-liquid) may have on respiratory tissues, others believe that ECIGs are a “Harm Reduction” alternative to conventional cigarettes. Previous studies investigating ciliated respiratory epithelium indicate that smoking shortens cilia length, reduces cilia beat frequency and disrupts respiratory epithelium, which most likely contributes to the inhibition of mucocilliary clearance. Monitoring mucous clearance of respiratory tissues exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol or conventional cigarette smoke, as indexed by mucous Transport Velocity (MTV), is one way to gauge the impact aerosol and smoke have on the respiratory tract. Therefore, we designed an experiment to test the effect of ECIG-generated aerosol and smoke on MTV using the frog palate paradigm.Methods: Peristaltic pumps Transport ECIG-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke into custom-made chambers containing excised bullfrog palates. MTVs were determined before exposure, immediately after exposure and approximately 1 day following exposure. MTVs were also determined (at the same time points) for palates exposed to air (control). Surface and cross sectional SEM images of palates from all three groups were obtained to support MTV data.Results: The results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has a modest inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on MTV 1 day post-exposure (0.09 ± 0.01) compared to control MTV (0.16 ± 0.03 mm/s). In contrast, smoke completely inhibits MTV from 0.14 ± 0.03 mm/s immediately before exposure to 0.00 mm/sec immediately after exposure and the MTV is unable to recover 1 day later. SEM images of control palates and palates exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol both show cilia throughout their epithelial surface, while some areas of palates exposed to smoke are completely devoid of cilia. Additionally, the epithelial thickness of aerosol-exposed palates appears thicker than control palates while smoke-exposed palates appear to be thinner due to epithelial disruption.Conclusions: These results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has only a modest effect on mucocilary clearance of bullfrog palates and aerosol sedimentation accounts for epithelial thickening. In accordance with the primary literature, conventional cigarette smoke dramatically inhibits mucociliary clearance and is, in part, due to decreased number of cilia and disruption of the smoke-exposed epithelium
Shuji Matsusaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microscopic analysis of saltation of particles on an obliquely oscillating plate
Advanced Powder Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Murino Kobayakawa, Masatoshi Yasuda, Shuji MatsusakaAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a microscopic analysis of the saltation of particles on an obliquely oscillating plate driven by sine waves with an amplitude on the order of tens of micrometers and a frequency on the order of hundreds of hertz. To examine the effect of the diameter of a particle on its motion, the trajectories and velocities of different-sized particles, from 0.5 to 500 μm in mass median diameter, are analyzed using images captured by a high-speed microscope camera. The results show that larger particles bounce higher, whereas smaller particles easily agglomerate and bounce only slightly, owing to the low restitution caused by their loosely packed structure. In addition, larger particles bounce forward and backward repeatedly, while the agglomerated particles always bounce forward, and consequently have the highest Transport Velocity among these particles. The particle motion and the Transport Velocity can be explained by a theoretical probability model.
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numerical and theoretical study of particle saltation on an obliquely oscillating plate
Advanced Powder Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Murino Kobayakawa, Masatoshi Yasuda, Ayumi Fujimoto, Mitsuhiro Sakata, Shuji MatsusakaAbstract:Abstract Particle saltation on an obliquely oscillating plate is simulated using a mass-point model that considers gravity, fluid resistance, restitution, and friction. The calculated results are in good agreement with results obtained experimentally for particles with different diameters and restitutions. A large particle with high restitution bounces forward and backward repeatedly, whereas a particle with low restitution only bounces forward and consequently has a high Transport Velocity. The mechanism for the difference in the motion of the particles can be explained by taking into account the phase angle of the oscillating plate and the impulse during particle collision.
Emma Kilgour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucociliary function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
Intensive Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J PackAbstract:Objective: To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range (37 �C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)) altered mu- cus Transport Velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University research labora- tory. Subjects: Farm-reared sheep. Interventions: Tracheae were mount- ed flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mu- cus Transport Velocity (MTV) by
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mucociliary function deteriorates in the clinical range of inspired air temperature and humidity
Intensive Care Medicine, 2004Co-Authors: Emma Kilgour, Nigel Rankin, Stuart Ryan, Rodger J PackAbstract:To test whether a reduction in air temperature within the clinical range [37 °C to 30, 100% relative humidity (RH)] altered mucus Transport Velocity (MTV) and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in an in vitro ovine tracheal model. Controlled laboratory study. University research laboratory. Farm-reared sheep. Tracheae were mounted flat in an organ bath. Krebs Henseleit bathed the serosal surface and air at 100% (RH) was passed over the mucosal surface at 4 l/min. Cilial beat frequency (CBF) was measured photo-electrically and mucus Transport Velocity (MTV) by timing movement. After 2 h at 37 °C (100% RH) the tissue was either maintained with those settings (controls), or the air temperature reduced to 34 °C or 30 °C. Tissue was taken for histology before and after each experiment. CBF was 19.8±2.7 beats/s and MTV 5.7±2.6 mm/min in tissue exposed to air at 37 °C. Cilial activity continued for up to 6 h in the controls but mucus Transport was more fragile. Reduction of the air temperature to either 34 °C or 30 °C led to a decrease in both CBF and MTV and, frequently, total mucociliary failure. There was a reduction in epithelial mucous cell numbers in all preparations. Tissues exposed to low temperature had additional abnormal histology. Delivery of inspired gas at 30 °C, or even 34 °C, with 100% RH may not be sufficient to prevent epithelial damage occurring during 6 h exposure.
Dominic L Palazzolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of electronic cigarette ecig generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke on the mucociliary Transport Velocity mtv using the bullfrog r catesbiana palate paradigm
Frontiers in Physiology, 2017Co-Authors: Dominic L Palazzolo, John M Nelson, Emily A Ely, Andrew P Crow, James Distin, Stan KunigelisAbstract:Background: While ECIGs are under scrutiny concerning safety, particularly in reference to the physiological impact that aerosolized ECIG liquid (E-liquid) may have on respiratory tissues, others believe that ECIGs are a “Harm Reduction” alternative to conventional cigarettes. Previous studies investigating ciliated respiratory epithelium indicate that smoking shortens cilia length, reduces cilia beat frequency and disrupts respiratory epithelium, which most likely contributes to the inhibition of mucocilliary clearance. Monitoring mucous clearance of respiratory tissues exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol or conventional cigarette smoke, as indexed by mucous Transport Velocity (MTV), is one way to gauge the impact aerosol and smoke have on the respiratory tract. Therefore, we designed an experiment to test the effect of ECIG-generated aerosol and smoke on MTV using the frog palate paradigm. Methods: Peristaltic pumps Transport ECIG-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke into custom-made chambers containing excised bullfrog palates. MTVs were determined before exposure, immediately after exposure and approximately one day following exposure. MTVs were also determined (at the same time points) for palates exposed to air (control). Surface and cross sectional SEM images of palates from all three groups were obtained to support MTV data. Results: The results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has a modest inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on MTV one day post-exposure (0.09±0.01) compared to control MTV (0.16±0.03 mm/sec mm/sec). In contrast, smoke completely inhibits MTV from 0.14±0.03 mm/sec immediately before exposure to 0.00 mm/sec immediately after exposure and the MTV is unable to recover one day later. SEM images of control palates and palates exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol both show cilia throughout their epithelial surface, while some areas of palates exposed to smoke are completely devoid of cilia. Additionally, the epithelial thickness of aerosol-exposed palates appears thicker than control palates while smoke-exposed palates appear to be thinner due to epithelial disruption. Conclusions: These results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has only a modest effect on mucocilary clearance of bullfrog palates and aerosol sedimentation accounts for epithelial thickening. In accordance with the primary literature, conventional cigarette smoke dramatically inhibits mucociliary clearance and is, in part, due to decreased number of cilia and disruption of the smoke-exposed epithelium.
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The Effects of Electronic Cigarette (ECIG)-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Mucociliary Transport Velocity (MTV) Using the Bullfrog (R. catesbiana) Palate Paradigm
Frontiers Media S.A., 2017Co-Authors: Dominic L Palazzolo, John M Nelson, Emily A Ely, Andrew P Crow, James Distin, Stan KunigelisAbstract:Background: While ECIGs are under scrutiny concerning safety, particularly in reference to the physiological impact that aerosolized ECIG liquid (E-liquid) may have on respiratory tissues, others believe that ECIGs are a “Harm Reduction” alternative to conventional cigarettes. Previous studies investigating ciliated respiratory epithelium indicate that smoking shortens cilia length, reduces cilia beat frequency and disrupts respiratory epithelium, which most likely contributes to the inhibition of mucocilliary clearance. Monitoring mucous clearance of respiratory tissues exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol or conventional cigarette smoke, as indexed by mucous Transport Velocity (MTV), is one way to gauge the impact aerosol and smoke have on the respiratory tract. Therefore, we designed an experiment to test the effect of ECIG-generated aerosol and smoke on MTV using the frog palate paradigm.Methods: Peristaltic pumps Transport ECIG-generated aerosol and conventional cigarette smoke into custom-made chambers containing excised bullfrog palates. MTVs were determined before exposure, immediately after exposure and approximately 1 day following exposure. MTVs were also determined (at the same time points) for palates exposed to air (control). Surface and cross sectional SEM images of palates from all three groups were obtained to support MTV data.Results: The results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has a modest inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on MTV 1 day post-exposure (0.09 ± 0.01) compared to control MTV (0.16 ± 0.03 mm/s). In contrast, smoke completely inhibits MTV from 0.14 ± 0.03 mm/s immediately before exposure to 0.00 mm/sec immediately after exposure and the MTV is unable to recover 1 day later. SEM images of control palates and palates exposed to ECIG-generated aerosol both show cilia throughout their epithelial surface, while some areas of palates exposed to smoke are completely devoid of cilia. Additionally, the epithelial thickness of aerosol-exposed palates appears thicker than control palates while smoke-exposed palates appear to be thinner due to epithelial disruption.Conclusions: These results indicate that ECIG-generated aerosol has only a modest effect on mucocilary clearance of bullfrog palates and aerosol sedimentation accounts for epithelial thickening. In accordance with the primary literature, conventional cigarette smoke dramatically inhibits mucociliary clearance and is, in part, due to decreased number of cilia and disruption of the smoke-exposed epithelium
