The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter J Hotez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil transmitted helminth infections ascariasis Trichuriasis and hookworm
The Lancet, 2006Co-Authors: Jeffrey M. Bethony, Simon Brooker, Marco Albonico, Stefan M Geiger, Alex Loukas, David Diemert, Peter J HotezAbstract:The three main soil-transmitted helminth infections, ascariasis, Trichuriasis, and hookworm, are common clinical disorders in man. The gastrointestinal tract of a child living in poverty in a less developed country is likely to be parasitised with at least one, and in many cases all three soil-transmitted helminths, with resultant impairments in physical, intellectual, and cognitive development. The benzimidazole anthelmintics, mebendazole and albendazole, are commonly used to remove these infections. The use of these drugs is not limited to treatment of symptomatic soil-transmitted helminth infections, but also for large-scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. As a result of data showing improvements in child health and education after deworming, and the burden of disease attributed to soil-transmitted helminths, the worldwide community is awakening to the importance of these infections. Concerns about the sustainability of periodic deworming with benzimidazole anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance have prompted efforts to develop and test new control tools.
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Eliminating neglected diseases in Africa [letter]
The Lancet, 2005Co-Authors: Peter J Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Simon Brooker, Marco AlbonicoAbstract:We welcome the comments by Alan Fenwick and colleagues who highlight a pro-poor health intervention in Africa based on the use of four drugs (praziquantel albendazole ivermectin and azithromycin) to eliminate schistosomiasis lymphatic filariasis onchocerciasis hookworm ascariasis Trichuriasis and trachoma. Clearly advocacy for tackling the “neglected seven” in Africa is long overdue. However we wish to temper their comments by pointing out that there are more than 500 million cases of soiltransmitted helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa including 198 million cases of hookworm 173 million of ascariasis and 162 million of Trichuriasis. Cure rates for Trichuriasis and hookworm with a single dose of benzimidazoles are low especially for highly infected individuals; ivermectin lacks efficacy for treating hookworm; and rapid reinfection can occur after treatment often necessitating up to three retreatments annually. Thus the question is not simply one of treatment but of sustainable treatment and retreatment. Programmes designed to control morbidity and not to eliminate soil-transmitted helminth infections require a long-term commitment and are logistically complex to sustain over the required time period. (excerpt)
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pediatric geohelminth infections Trichuriasis ascariasis and hookworm infections
Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 2000Co-Authors: Peter J HotezAbstract:Abstract The major soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes of humans, Trichuris, Ascaris, and the two major hookworms, Ancylostoma and Necator, often are referred to collectively as geohelminths. Geohelminth infections are a particular public health threat to children in whom high intensity infections frequently occur. For Ascaris and Trichuris, the heaviest and most severe infections occur in children of school-age. As a result, these children suffer unique geohelminth-associated deficits in physical and intellectual growth. In a few cases, the parasite-derived macromolecules partly associated with these processes have been identified and chemically characterized. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
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epidemiology of human geohelminth infections ascariasis Trichuriasis and necatoriasis in lushui and puer counties yunnan province china
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2000Co-Authors: Zhang Lili, Zhang Bingxiang, Tao Hong, Xiao Shuhua, Peter J Hotez, Zhan Bing, Li Yangzhong, Li Ying, Xue Haichou, John M HawdonAbstract:Between April and June of 1998, the prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections caused by hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris were investigated in two rural Yunnan villages. In Liuku, a village of Lisu indigenous people in Lushui County, there was an overall geohelminth prevalence of 72% (48%, 43% and 16% for hookworm infection, ascariasis, and Trichuriasis, respectively). The prevalence of ascariasis was greatest among preschool and school aged children, whereas the prevalence of Trichuriasis was greatest among teenagers and the prevalence of hookworm increased until the age of 10-15 and then remained high throughout adulthood. In Linger, a village of Han Chinese, located in Puer County, there was an overall geohelminth prevalence of 77% (30%, 60% and 36% for hookworm infection, ascariasis, and Trichuriasis, respectively). The differences in prevalence for hookworm and ascariasis were statistically significant. The prevalence of hookworm in Linger increased steadily with age and did not plateau, but there were no discernible patterns of prevalence versus age for either ascariasis or Trichuriasis. Heavy Trichuriasis infec- tions were noted to occur in Linger. In both villages, more than 98% of the hookworm infections were of light and moderate intensity. Both by morphologic identification of third-stage infective larvae (L3) from eggs as well as identification of adult hookworms recovered from adult residents after treatment with quantrel, Necator americanus was identified as the exclusive hookworm in each village. Geohelminth infections caused by Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm remain highly endemic to the rural areas of Yunnan Province in southwestern China.
S P Diazcamacho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trichuriasis and low iron status in schoolchildren from northwest mexico
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Luis Quihuicota, Gloria Guadalupe Moralesfigueroa, Julian Esparzaromero, Mauro E Valencia, Humberto Astiazarangarcia, Rosa O Mendez, Bertha I Pachecomoreno, D W T Crompton, S P DiazcamachoAbstract:Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Trichuriasis and iron status in rural schoolchildren from Northwest Mexico. Subjects/Methods: A total of 73 schoolchildren (37 boys, 36 girls) between the ages of 6 and 10 years were voluntarily recruited from the public primary school of the rural community of El Higueral in Culiacan, Sinaloa (Northwest Mexico) for a cross-sectional study with a longitudinal follow-up of 5 weeks. Data were collected on socioeconomic status, anthropometry, haematological and biochemical indices of iron status, daily iron intake, and prevalence and intensity of Trichuriasis. Multiple regression models, independent t-test and paired t-test were used to analyse the association between Trichuriasis and iron status in cross-sectional and longitudinal samples, respectively. Adjusted models were tested for linear regression assumptions using residual plots. Results: The mean age of the Trichuris-free and Trichuris-infected groups was 7.7 ± 1.3 and 7.7 ± 1.5 years respectively (P=0.92). The height for age was significantly higher in the Trichuris-free group than the Trichuris-infected group (P=0.02). No differences were found in the socioeconomic variables between the two groups. At baseline, significantly higher concentrations of haemoglobin, haematocrit, blood cell count (RBC) and serum iron were measured in the Trichuris-free group compared with the Trichuris-infected children (P<0.05). An association was found between Trichuriasis and haemoglobin adjusted for socioeconomic variables, age and sex. Haemoglobin, RBC and serum ferritin concentrations were significantly increased in the infected children 5 weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions: Trichuriasis could be a risk factor for low-iron status in the schoolchildren of Northwest Mexico.
Simon J Brooker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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107 nematodes limited to the intestinal tract enterobius vermicularis trichuris trichiura capillaria philippinensis and trichostrongylus spp
Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Disease (Ninth Edition), 2013Co-Authors: Donald Bundy, Laura J Appleby, Simon J BrookerAbstract:Abstract The intestinal nematodes Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria philippinensis, and Trichostrongylus spp. are endemic worldwide, although the true prevalence is not known, as many infections are undiagnosed and some are difficult to diagnose. T. trichiura is estimated to infect as many as 500 million people worldwide. Each of these nematodes has distinctive life cycles, varying degrees of pathology, and different epidemiologic features. However, they all infect the gut as larvae and adults, producing eggs that are excreted in the stool. Most of the intestinal nematodes are susceptible to anti-helminthic drugs, with Trichuriasis requiring additional rounds of treatment for maximum efficacy. Prevention is through handwashing, sanitary disposal of human excreta, prevention of fecal contamination of topsoil, and improved food hygiene.
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107 – Nematodes Limited to the Intestinal Tract (Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria philippinensis and Trichostrongylus spp.)
2013Co-Authors: Donald Bundy, Laura J Appleby, Simon J BrookerAbstract:Abstract The intestinal nematodes Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Capillaria philippinensis, and Trichostrongylus spp. are endemic worldwide, although the true prevalence is not known, as many infections are undiagnosed and some are difficult to diagnose. T. trichiura is estimated to infect as many as 500 million people worldwide. Each of these nematodes has distinctive life cycles, varying degrees of pathology, and different epidemiologic features. However, they all infect the gut as larvae and adults, producing eggs that are excreted in the stool. Most of the intestinal nematodes are susceptible to anti-helminthic drugs, with Trichuriasis requiring additional rounds of treatment for maximum efficacy. Prevention is through handwashing, sanitary disposal of human excreta, prevention of fecal contamination of topsoil, and improved food hygiene.
Jeffrey M. Bethony - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil transmitted helminth infections ascariasis Trichuriasis and hookworm
The Lancet, 2006Co-Authors: Jeffrey M. Bethony, Simon Brooker, Marco Albonico, Stefan M Geiger, Alex Loukas, David Diemert, Peter J HotezAbstract:The three main soil-transmitted helminth infections, ascariasis, Trichuriasis, and hookworm, are common clinical disorders in man. The gastrointestinal tract of a child living in poverty in a less developed country is likely to be parasitised with at least one, and in many cases all three soil-transmitted helminths, with resultant impairments in physical, intellectual, and cognitive development. The benzimidazole anthelmintics, mebendazole and albendazole, are commonly used to remove these infections. The use of these drugs is not limited to treatment of symptomatic soil-transmitted helminth infections, but also for large-scale prevention of morbidity in children living in endemic areas. As a result of data showing improvements in child health and education after deworming, and the burden of disease attributed to soil-transmitted helminths, the worldwide community is awakening to the importance of these infections. Concerns about the sustainability of periodic deworming with benzimidazole anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance have prompted efforts to develop and test new control tools.
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Eliminating neglected diseases in Africa [letter]
The Lancet, 2005Co-Authors: Peter J Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Simon Brooker, Marco AlbonicoAbstract:We welcome the comments by Alan Fenwick and colleagues who highlight a pro-poor health intervention in Africa based on the use of four drugs (praziquantel albendazole ivermectin and azithromycin) to eliminate schistosomiasis lymphatic filariasis onchocerciasis hookworm ascariasis Trichuriasis and trachoma. Clearly advocacy for tackling the “neglected seven” in Africa is long overdue. However we wish to temper their comments by pointing out that there are more than 500 million cases of soiltransmitted helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa including 198 million cases of hookworm 173 million of ascariasis and 162 million of Trichuriasis. Cure rates for Trichuriasis and hookworm with a single dose of benzimidazoles are low especially for highly infected individuals; ivermectin lacks efficacy for treating hookworm; and rapid reinfection can occur after treatment often necessitating up to three retreatments annually. Thus the question is not simply one of treatment but of sustainable treatment and retreatment. Programmes designed to control morbidity and not to eliminate soil-transmitted helminth infections require a long-term commitment and are logistically complex to sustain over the required time period. (excerpt)
Ismail Soner Koltas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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computed tomographic findings of Trichuriasis
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2006Co-Authors: Naime Tokmak, Serife Ulusan, Ismail Soner KoltasAbstract:In this report, we present computed tomographic findings of colonic Trichuriasis. The patient was a 75-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis was achieved by colonoscopic biopsy. Abdominal computed tomography showed irregular and nodular thickening of the wall of the cecum and ascending colon. Although these findings are nonspecific, they may be one of the findings of Trichuriasis. These findings, confirmed by pathologic analysis of the biopsied tissue and Kato-Katz parasitological stool flotation technique, revealed adult Trichuris. To our knowledge, this is the first report of colonic Trichuriasis indicated by computed tomography.
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computed tomographic fi ndings of Trichuriasis
2006Co-Authors: Naime Tokmak, Serife Ulusan, Ismail Soner KoltasAbstract:Abstract In this report, we present computed tomographic fi ndings of colonic Trichuriasis. The patient was a 75-year-old man who complained of abdominal pain, and weight loss. Diagnosis was achieved by colonoscopic biopsy. Abdominal computed tomography showed irregular and nodular thickening of the wall of the cecum and ascending colon. Although these fi ndings are nonspecifi c, they may be one of the fi ndings of Trichuriasis. These fi ndings, con fi rmed by pathologic analysis of the biopsied tissue and Kato-Katz parasitological stool flotation technique, revealed adult Trichuris. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of colonic Trichuriasis indicated by computed tomography. © 2006 The WJG Press. All rights reserved. Key words: Trichuris trichiura; Colitis; Large bowel; Imaging fi ndings; Computed tomography Tokmak N, Koc Z, Ulusan S, Koltas IS, Bal N. Computed tomographic fi ndings of Trichuriasis. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12(26): 4270-4272 http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/12/4270.asp
