Trimellitic Anhydride

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Daohong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin
    Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A, 2010
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Yukun Chen
    Abstract:

    Low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) ester epoxy resin (HTDE) was synthesized from the reaction between epichlorohydrin (ECH) and carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) ester (HTD). HTD was prepared from inexpensive materials A2 (diethylene glycol, DEG) and B3 (Trimellitic Anhydride, TMA) monomers by a pseudo-one step method. Molecular weight of the HTD was calculated by its acid value with a “Recursive Probability Approach”, and its degree of branching (0.62∼ 0.71) was characterized by model compounds and 1H-NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTDE has an epoxy equivalent weight of < 530 g/mol and its viscosity of < 700 cp, respectively. The structure of the AB2 monomer, HTD and HTDE were also characterized by MS, 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra technology. HTDE is an ellipsoid-like molecular with a size of < 10.34 nm. This low viscosity novel epoxy resin has important applications in the fields of “no-solvent” coatings.

  • synthesis and characterization of low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched poly Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol ester epoxy resin
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Sufang Chen
    Abstract:

    From carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) ester (HTM) and epichlorohydrin, low viscosity (1000―1250 cp) aromatic HTM epoxy resin (HTME) was synthesized. Molar mass of the HTM was calculated from its acid value with a "Recursive Probability Approach", and its degree of branching (0.63―0.70) was characterized by model compounds and 1 H NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTME has an epoxy equivalent weight of <470 g/ mol; it is an ellipsoid-like molecule with a size of <8.65 nm. This low viscosity novel epoxy resin has important applications in the field of "no-solvent" coatings.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Sufang Chen
    Abstract:

    From carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) ester (HTM) and epichlorohydrin, low viscosity (1000―1250 cp) aromatic HTM epoxy resin (HTME) was synthesized. Molar mass of the HTM was calculated from its acid value with a "Recursive Probability Approach", and its degree of branching (0.63―0.70) was characterized by model compounds and 1 H NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTME has an epoxy equivalent weight of

  • Study on Curing Kinetics and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride Ethylene Glycol) Epoxy (HTME)/Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A Epoxy Hybrid Resin
    Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia
    Abstract:

    Hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) epoxy (HTME) not only has relatively low viscosity and high molecular weight but also is a functional additive of enhancement and toughness and is used in the thermosetting resin field widely. The curing kinetics and thermal degradation kinetics of HTME/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy hybrid resin were studied in detail using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis technique, respectively, by the Coats-Redfern model. The effect of molecular weight or generation and content of HTME on activation energy, reaction order, curing time, and curing reaction were discussed and analyzed, and the results indicated that HTME could accelerate curing reaction and reduce activation energy and reaction order of the curing reaction.

Leslie C. Grammer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prevalence and Onset of Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis in Subjects with Occupational Asthma Caused by Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA)
    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2002
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, Anne Marie Ditto, Anju Tripathi, Kathleen E. Harris
    Abstract:

    Individuals with occupational asthma may also report symptoms of rhinitis or conjunctivitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of rhinitis and conjunctivitis in subjects with occupational asthma as a result of Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA). Additionally, we wanted to evaluate the onset of rhinitis and conjunctivitis symptoms as compared with the occupational asthma symptoms. In a case series design, we studied 25 consecutive employees with TMA-induced asthma; each of them had participated in an annual surveillance program in which they were queried about rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and other respiratory symptoms. Twenty-two of the 25 (88%) reported rhinitis symptoms whereas 17 of the 25 (68%) reported conjunctivitis symptoms. In 17 of the 22 (77%) individuals with rhinitis and asthma, the rhinitis symptoms preceded the asthma symptoms. In 14 of the 17 (82%) individuals with conjunctivitis, those symptoms preceded the asthma symptoms. In summary, symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis are common in subjects with occupational asthma because of TMA and often precede the respiratory symptoms.

  • Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) immunological lung disease.
    Respiratory medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, C.r. Zeiss, Paul R. Yarnold, Martha A. Shaughnessy
    Abstract:

    Occupational immunological lung disease, due to low molecular weight, reactive chemicals such as Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA), is an emerging health problem. If there were a marker that was highly predictive of the ability of the immune system to recognize TMA as an allergen, better prevention strategies could be employed with at risk individuals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class specificity is associated with the development of late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS) or asthma due to immunological sensitivity to Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA). This is a case control study of 17 individuals with LRSS, 12 with asthma and 22 TMA similarly exposed individuals who did not develop LRSS or asthma. Comparing the sensitized individuals (LRSS or asthma) with the non-sensitized individuals (controls), we found no difference in frequency of any HLA antigen. In summary, the lack of association of HLA antigens with LRSS or asthma due to TMA suggests that these will not be useful markers to identify at risk individuals.

  • Immunoglobulin E antibody against environmental allergens in subjects with Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma.
    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 1999
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Sikora, Kathleen E. Harris, Bruce D. Kenamore, Leslie C. Grammer
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between atopy and the development of occupational asthma as a consequence of exposure to Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA). A case-control study was performed, which comprised 16 employees identified as having TMA-induced asthma and 44 similarly exposed controls. Specific immunoglobulin E measurements in response to cat, dust mite, ryegrass, and ragweed antigens were performed. Fifty-six percent of cases and 29% of controls were found to be atopic (P = 0.098). We demonstrated that there was a trend toward employees with TMA asthma being more atopic than those without TMA asthma. Atopy as an assessment of risk for the development of TMA asthma is unlikely to be useful, although further investigation may be warranted.

  • Review of Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) induced respiratory response
    Allergy and asthma proceedings, 1997
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, Martha A. Shaughnessy, C.r. Zeiss, Paul A. Greenberger, Patterson R
    Abstract:

    Acid Anhydrides such as Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) are of interest due to their important industrial uses and to their adverse health effects in exposed populations. Important industrial uses of TMA include the production of epoxy and alkyd resins used to manufacture a variety of coating materials. The adverse health effects are a result of its direct irritant effects on mucosal surfaces in all exposed humans as well as its ability to cause immunologic sensitization in a small proportion of humans. In those individuals who are immunologically sensitized, reexposure to TMA can result in well described immunologic syndromes: asthma-rhinitis, late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS), and very rarely pulmonary disease anemia syndrome (PDA). In summary, adverse health effects of TMA are due to its effects as an irritant, an immunologic sensitizer, or a combination of both.

  • Total serum IgE in Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma.
    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 1996
    Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Backman, Martha A. Shaughnessy, Kathleen E. Harris, Leslie C. Grammer
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to determine whether total serum IgE levels are elevated in workers with Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma as compared with Anhydride-exposed workers without an occupational immunologic syndrome. Sera from 12 highly exposed workers with Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma, and from 31 similarly exposed workers without occupational immunologic disease, were assayed for total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels by Total IgE II FAST analysis. The mean total IgE levels were 176. 74 ng/mL and 34.55 ng/mL respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, but considerable overlap of IgE levels between groups was seen. In conclusion, although mean total IgE levels are significantly different between TMA-exposed workers with or without occupational asthma, the significant amount of overlap and poor sensitivity of the test preclude the use of this assay in the individual evaluation of these workers.

Sufang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Demin Jia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin
    Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A, 2010
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Yukun Chen
    Abstract:

    Low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) ester epoxy resin (HTDE) was synthesized from the reaction between epichlorohydrin (ECH) and carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride diethylene glycol) ester (HTD). HTD was prepared from inexpensive materials A2 (diethylene glycol, DEG) and B3 (Trimellitic Anhydride, TMA) monomers by a pseudo-one step method. Molecular weight of the HTD was calculated by its acid value with a “Recursive Probability Approach”, and its degree of branching (0.62∼ 0.71) was characterized by model compounds and 1H-NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTDE has an epoxy equivalent weight of < 530 g/mol and its viscosity of < 700 cp, respectively. The structure of the AB2 monomer, HTD and HTDE were also characterized by MS, 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra technology. HTDE is an ellipsoid-like molecular with a size of < 10.34 nm. This low viscosity novel epoxy resin has important applications in the fields of “no-solvent” coatings.

  • synthesis and characterization of low viscosity aromatic hyperbranched poly Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol ester epoxy resin
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Sufang Chen
    Abstract:

    From carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) ester (HTM) and epichlorohydrin, low viscosity (1000―1250 cp) aromatic HTM epoxy resin (HTME) was synthesized. Molar mass of the HTM was calculated from its acid value with a "Recursive Probability Approach", and its degree of branching (0.63―0.70) was characterized by model compounds and 1 H NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTME has an epoxy equivalent weight of <470 g/ mol; it is an ellipsoid-like molecule with a size of <8.65 nm. This low viscosity novel epoxy resin has important applications in the field of "no-solvent" coatings.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Low Viscosity Aromatic Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) Ester Epoxy Resin
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia, Sufang Chen
    Abstract:

    From carboxyl-ended hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) ester (HTM) and epichlorohydrin, low viscosity (1000―1250 cp) aromatic HTM epoxy resin (HTME) was synthesized. Molar mass of the HTM was calculated from its acid value with a "Recursive Probability Approach", and its degree of branching (0.63―0.70) was characterized by model compounds and 1 H NMR-minus spectrum technology. HTME has an epoxy equivalent weight of

  • Study on Curing Kinetics and Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Hyperbranched Poly(Trimellitic Anhydride Ethylene Glycol) Epoxy (HTME)/Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A Epoxy Hybrid Resin
    Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2008
    Co-Authors: Daohong Zhang, Demin Jia
    Abstract:

    Hyperbranched poly(Trimellitic Anhydride ethylene glycol) epoxy (HTME) not only has relatively low viscosity and high molecular weight but also is a functional additive of enhancement and toughness and is used in the thermosetting resin field widely. The curing kinetics and thermal degradation kinetics of HTME/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy hybrid resin were studied in detail using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis technique, respectively, by the Coats-Redfern model. The effect of molecular weight or generation and content of HTME on activation energy, reaction order, curing time, and curing reaction were discussed and analyzed, and the results indicated that HTME could accelerate curing reaction and reduce activation energy and reaction order of the curing reaction.

Martha A. Shaughnessy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) immunological lung disease.
    Respiratory medicine, 2000
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, C.r. Zeiss, Paul R. Yarnold, Martha A. Shaughnessy
    Abstract:

    Occupational immunological lung disease, due to low molecular weight, reactive chemicals such as Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA), is an emerging health problem. If there were a marker that was highly predictive of the ability of the immune system to recognize TMA as an allergen, better prevention strategies could be employed with at risk individuals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class specificity is associated with the development of late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS) or asthma due to immunological sensitivity to Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA). This is a case control study of 17 individuals with LRSS, 12 with asthma and 22 TMA similarly exposed individuals who did not develop LRSS or asthma. Comparing the sensitized individuals (LRSS or asthma) with the non-sensitized individuals (controls), we found no difference in frequency of any HLA antigen. In summary, the lack of association of HLA antigens with LRSS or asthma due to TMA suggests that these will not be useful markers to identify at risk individuals.

  • Review of Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) induced respiratory response
    Allergy and asthma proceedings, 1997
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, Martha A. Shaughnessy, C.r. Zeiss, Paul A. Greenberger, Patterson R
    Abstract:

    Acid Anhydrides such as Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) are of interest due to their important industrial uses and to their adverse health effects in exposed populations. Important industrial uses of TMA include the production of epoxy and alkyd resins used to manufacture a variety of coating materials. The adverse health effects are a result of its direct irritant effects on mucosal surfaces in all exposed humans as well as its ability to cause immunologic sensitization in a small proportion of humans. In those individuals who are immunologically sensitized, reexposure to TMA can result in well described immunologic syndromes: asthma-rhinitis, late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS), and very rarely pulmonary disease anemia syndrome (PDA). In summary, adverse health effects of TMA are due to its effects as an irritant, an immunologic sensitizer, or a combination of both.

  • Total serum IgE in Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma.
    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 1996
    Co-Authors: Kenneth S. Backman, Martha A. Shaughnessy, Kathleen E. Harris, Leslie C. Grammer
    Abstract:

    The objective of this study was to determine whether total serum IgE levels are elevated in workers with Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma as compared with Anhydride-exposed workers without an occupational immunologic syndrome. Sera from 12 highly exposed workers with Trimellitic Anhydride-induced asthma, and from 31 similarly exposed workers without occupational immunologic disease, were assayed for total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels by Total IgE II FAST analysis. The mean total IgE levels were 176. 74 ng/mL and 34.55 ng/mL respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, but considerable overlap of IgE levels between groups was seen. In conclusion, although mean total IgE levels are significantly different between TMA-exposed workers with or without occupational asthma, the significant amount of overlap and poor sensitivity of the test preclude the use of this assay in the individual evaluation of these workers.

  • ELISA screening tests for specific IgE and IgG antibody in employees exposed to Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA).
    Allergy proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies, 1993
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, Martha A. Shaughnessy, Donna M. Watkins, John Henderson, C.r. Zeiss
    Abstract:

    The objective of the study was to determine whether ELISA screening tests could be developed for specific IgE and IgG antibody in surveillance studies of employees exposed to Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA). Such tests would obviate the need for radiolabeling and disposal of radioactive wastes. The design of the study was a masked comparison of serologic results of ELISA screening tests with the criterion standard radioimmunoassay (RIA) currently used. The participants were 233 employees of a chemical plant that manufactures TMA. When the screening ELISA serologic results for IgG against TM-human serum albumin (TM-HSA) were compared with those of the RIA, the sensitivity was 92%, the specificity was 93%, the positive predictive value was 62%, and the negative predictive value was 99%. When the screening ELISA serologic results for IgE against TM-HSA were compared with those of the RIA, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 91%, the positive predictive value was 31%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. We conclude that ELISA screening tests for antibody to TM-HSA have sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value to be useful in surveillance studies of employees exposed to TMA.

  • a clinical and immunologic study of workers with Trimellitic Anhydride induced immunologic lung disease after transfer to low exposure jobs
    The American review of respiratory disease, 1993
    Co-Authors: Leslie C. Grammer, Martha A. Shaughnessy, C.r. Zeiss, M. J. Collins, J. Henderson, D Kavich, K M Pecis, Bruce Kenamore
    Abstract:

    The objective of the study was to determine the clinical and immunologie status of Trimellitic Anhydride (TMA) workers who have had immunologic lung diseases and who have been moved to lower exposure jobs. Twenty-nine consecutive workers with TMA-induced immunologic lung diseases who had been moved to low exposure jobs for more than 1 yr were studied retrospectively. Pulmonary symptoms were obtained by physician-administered questionnaire. Immunologic studies were performed using radioimmunoassay. Spirometry and chest film were obtained. Workers with late asthma (LA) (n = 3), late respiratory systemic syndrome (LRSS) (n = 8), or both LRSS and asthma rhinitis (A/R) (n = 6) had improved symptoms, improved pulmonary functions, and lower total antibody against TM-HSA. Five of the 12 workers with A/R had improved symptoms, improved pulmonary functions, and lower IgE against TM-HSA, whereas seven continued to have moderate to severe symptoms, abnormal pulmonary functions, and elevated IgE against TM-HSA. There ...

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