Tropical Deforestation

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Michael R Dove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a revisionist view of Tropical Deforestation and development
    Environmental Conservation, 1993
    Co-Authors: Michael R Dove
    Abstract:

    This study critiques one of the prevailing theories of Tropical Deforestation, namely that the forest is being cleared because its riches have been overlooked (the purported solution to which is the marketing of ‘rainforest crunch’). Edelman's work on the language of ‘helping’ is drawn on to suggest that a focus on the microeconomics of forest dwellers diverts attention from macro-economic and political issues whose impact on the forest is far more serious. The study begins with a parable from Kalimantan, relating how the discovery of a big diamond can bring misfortune to a poor miner. It is suggested that this parable applies more generally to resource development in Tropical forests, and that the major challenge is not to give more development opportunities to forest peoples but to take fewer away. This principal is illustrated with respect to gold mining, rattan gathering, and truck-farming, in Indonesia. In each case, when a forest resource acquires greater value in the broader society, it is appropriated by external entrepreneurs at the expense of local communities. A detailed case-study is presented of the development of Para Rubber cultivation. Smallholders currently dominate this cultivation, despite steadfast opposition by both contemporary and colonial governments, whose self-interests are better served by the cultivation of the Rubber on large estates. Each of these cases illustrates the predisposition of political and economic forces in the broader society to take over successful resource development in the Tropical forest. Contemporary efforts to develop ‘non-timber forest products’ are reinterpreted, in this light, as attempts to allocate to the forest dwellers the resources of least interest to the broader society. The absence of research in this area is attributed not to academic oversight but to conflicting political-economic interests. This thesis of resource exploitation is at variance with the ‘rain-forest crunch’ premise: namely that forest reserves are being overexploited by forest dwellers, that this is due to the absence of other sources of income, and that the solution is to help forest dwellers to find such sources. It is suggested that there has been no lack of such sources in the past, and that the problem has been in maintaining the forest peoples' control of them. The lesson of this analysis is not to ignore minor forest products, but to place them — and their potential development value for indigenous forest peoples — clearly within their proper political-economic context. Any resolution of the problems of Tropical forest development and conservation must begin, not by searching for resources that forest dwellers do not already have, but by first searching for the institutional forces which restrict the forest dwellers' ownership and productive use of existing resources. One of these institutional forces is discourse. It is widely understood that state elites seek to control valuable forest resources; it is less widely understood that an important means to this end is the control of resource-related discourse. De-mystification of the current debate over Tropical Deforestation and development is thus sorely needed.

  • A Revisionist View of Tropical Deforestation and Development
    Environmental Conservation, 1993
    Co-Authors: Michael R Dove
    Abstract:

    The study begins with a parable from Kalimantan, relating how the discovery of a big diamond can bring misfortune to a poor miner. It is suggested that this parable applies more generally to resource development in the Tropical forest, and that the major challenge is not to give more development opportunities to forest peoples but to take fewer away. This thesis of resource exploitation is at variance with the `rain forest crunch' premise: namely, forest reserves are being over-exploited by forest dwellers, the reason for this is the absence of other sources of income, and the solution is to help forest dwellers find such sources. It is suggested that there has been no lack of such sources in the past, and that the problem has been in maintaining the forest peoples' control of them. The lesson of this analysis is not to ignore minor forest products, but to clearly place them - and their potential development value for indigenous forest peoples - within their proper political-economic context. Any resolution of the problems of Tropical forest development and conservation must begin not by searching for resources that forest dwellers do not already have, but by first searching for the institutional forces that restrict their ownership and productive use of existing resources. De-mystification of the current debate over Tropical Deforestation and development is needed.

Fabio Zagonari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tropical Deforestation: debt-for-nature versus debt-for-development swaps
    Environment and Development Economics, 1998
    Co-Authors: Fabio Zagonari
    Abstract:

    In this paper I analyze the forest and debt dynamics in a less developed country (LDC), where the former is a renewable resource and the latter's increase results from the interests to be paid on the current debt minus the balance of trade surplus. Agricultural and industrial goods are produced, and whereas the former requires the converted forest as an input, the latter does not. It transpires that the stock of debt is likely to increase infinitely without repudiation, whereas the stock of forest is likely to oscillate around an equilibrium level. Within this framework, I compare the effectiveness and enforceability of the debt-for-nature and the debt-for-development swaps with respect to Tropical Deforestation and debt burden issues. Some empirical evidence con- firming the theoretical results is provided.

Daniel J. Zarin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50 in 5 years
    Global Change Biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Claudia Azevedoramos, Ane C. Alencar
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of <2 degree increase in global average temperature change and is consistent with a target set last year by the governments, corporations, indigenous peoples' organizations and non-governmental organizations that signed the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF). We assemble and refine a robust dataset to establish a 2001-2013 benchmark for average annual carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation at 2.270 Gt CO2 yr(-1). Brazil did not sign the NYDF, yet from 2001 to 2013, Brazil ranks first for both carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation and reductions in those emissions - its share of the total declined from a peak of 69% in 2003 to a low of 20% in 2012. Indonesia, an NYDF signatory, is the second highest emitter, peaking in 2012 at 0.362 Gt CO2 yr(-1) before declining to 0.205 Gt CO2 yr(-1) in 2013. The other 14 NYDF Tropical country signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.317 Gt CO2 yr(-1) , while the other 86 Tropical country non-signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.688 Gt CO2 yr(-1). We outline two scenarios for achieving the 50% emission reduction target by 2020, both emphasizing the critical role of Brazil and the need to reverse the trends of increasing carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation in many other Tropical countries that, from 2001 to 2013, have largely offset Brazil's reductions. Achieving the target will therefore be challenging, even though it is in the self-interest of the international community. Conserving rather than cutting down Tropical forests requires shifting economic development away from a dependence on natural resource depletion toward recognition of the dependence of human societies on the natural capital that Tropical forests represent and the goods and services they provide.

  • Can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years?
    Global change biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Claudia Azevedo-ramos, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Ane C. Alencar, Chris Gabris
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of

  • Carbon from Tropical Deforestation
    Science (New York N.Y.), 2012
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin
    Abstract:

    How much carbon is emitted from Tropical Deforestation? Attempts to answer this question have generally relied on data from national inventories. More recently, sufficient satellite data have become available to provide independent estimates. On page 1573 of this issue, Harris et al. ( 1 ) report a global estimate of Tropical Deforestation emissions derived entirely from satellite data. For the period from 2000 to 2005, those emissions are much lower than previously reported.

Ane C. Alencar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50 in 5 years
    Global Change Biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Claudia Azevedoramos, Ane C. Alencar
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of <2 degree increase in global average temperature change and is consistent with a target set last year by the governments, corporations, indigenous peoples' organizations and non-governmental organizations that signed the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF). We assemble and refine a robust dataset to establish a 2001-2013 benchmark for average annual carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation at 2.270 Gt CO2 yr(-1). Brazil did not sign the NYDF, yet from 2001 to 2013, Brazil ranks first for both carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation and reductions in those emissions - its share of the total declined from a peak of 69% in 2003 to a low of 20% in 2012. Indonesia, an NYDF signatory, is the second highest emitter, peaking in 2012 at 0.362 Gt CO2 yr(-1) before declining to 0.205 Gt CO2 yr(-1) in 2013. The other 14 NYDF Tropical country signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.317 Gt CO2 yr(-1) , while the other 86 Tropical country non-signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.688 Gt CO2 yr(-1). We outline two scenarios for achieving the 50% emission reduction target by 2020, both emphasizing the critical role of Brazil and the need to reverse the trends of increasing carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation in many other Tropical countries that, from 2001 to 2013, have largely offset Brazil's reductions. Achieving the target will therefore be challenging, even though it is in the self-interest of the international community. Conserving rather than cutting down Tropical forests requires shifting economic development away from a dependence on natural resource depletion toward recognition of the dependence of human societies on the natural capital that Tropical forests represent and the goods and services they provide.

  • Can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years?
    Global change biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Claudia Azevedo-ramos, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Ane C. Alencar, Chris Gabris
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of

Belinda Arunarwati Margono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50 in 5 years
    Global Change Biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Claudia Azevedoramos, Ane C. Alencar
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of <2 degree increase in global average temperature change and is consistent with a target set last year by the governments, corporations, indigenous peoples' organizations and non-governmental organizations that signed the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF). We assemble and refine a robust dataset to establish a 2001-2013 benchmark for average annual carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation at 2.270 Gt CO2 yr(-1). Brazil did not sign the NYDF, yet from 2001 to 2013, Brazil ranks first for both carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation and reductions in those emissions - its share of the total declined from a peak of 69% in 2003 to a low of 20% in 2012. Indonesia, an NYDF signatory, is the second highest emitter, peaking in 2012 at 0.362 Gt CO2 yr(-1) before declining to 0.205 Gt CO2 yr(-1) in 2013. The other 14 NYDF Tropical country signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.317 Gt CO2 yr(-1) , while the other 86 Tropical country non-signatories were responsible for a combined average of 0.688 Gt CO2 yr(-1). We outline two scenarios for achieving the 50% emission reduction target by 2020, both emphasizing the critical role of Brazil and the need to reverse the trends of increasing carbon emissions from gross Tropical Deforestation in many other Tropical countries that, from 2001 to 2013, have largely offset Brazil's reductions. Achieving the target will therefore be challenging, even though it is in the self-interest of the international community. Conserving rather than cutting down Tropical forests requires shifting economic development away from a dependence on natural resource depletion toward recognition of the dependence of human societies on the natural capital that Tropical forests represent and the goods and services they provide.

  • Can carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years?
    Global change biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Daniel J. Zarin, Nancy Lee Harris, Alessandro Baccini, Dmitry Aksenov, Matthew C. Hansen, Claudia Azevedo-ramos, Tasso Azevedo, Belinda Arunarwati Margono, Ane C. Alencar, Chris Gabris
    Abstract:

    Halving carbon emissions from Tropical Deforestation by 2020 could help bring the international community closer to the agreed goal of