The Experts below are selected from a list of 60 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert Kiapranis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropical Ulcer plant treatments used by papua new guinea s apsokok nomads
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas A K Prescott, Peter Homot, Fionnuala Lundy, Rui Fang, Sheila Patrick, Rodrigo Camaraleret, Robert KiapranisAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The Tropical Ulcer is a debilitating bacterial infection that is common in Papua New Guinea. Deploying healthcare infrastructure to remote and inaccessible rainforest locations is not practical, therefore local plants may be the best treatment option. Here we present an ethnobotanical survey of the Tropical Ulcer plant medicines used by the semi-nomadic Apsokok who roam the remote central mountains of Papua New Guinea's West New Britain Province. In vitro biological activity in assays relevant to Tropical Ulcer wound healing is also presented. Materials and methods Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used to acquire information on the uses of plants, vouchers of which were identified by comparison with authentic herbarium specimens. Antibacterial disc diffusion assays with Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium Ulcerans , MMP-9 enzyme inhibition and dermal fibroblast stimulation assays were carried out on plant saps and aqueous extracts of plant material. LC-MS was used to identify known plant metabolites. Results The ethnobotanical survey identified sixteen species that were used to treat Tropical Ulcers, all of which were applied topically. A subset of twelve species were investigated further in vitro . Four species produced zones of inhibition with S. aureus , all 12 species provided low level inhibition of MMP-9 and 8 species stimulated dermal fibroblast proliferation, although cytotoxicity occurred at higher concentrations. The extract of Homalium foetidum Benth. inhibited S. aureus and MMP-9 while at lower sub-cytotoxic concentrations stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Trans-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid were detected in the aqueous extract of H. foetidum . Conclusions Topical application of plant saps to wounds results in very high localised concentrations of plant metabolites which is likely to result in inhibition of MMP proteases. H. foetidum is a candidate plant for Tropical Ulcer treatment in remote areas.
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Comparative ethnobotany and in-the-field antibacterial testing of medicinal plants used by the Bulu and inland Kaulong of Papua New Guinea
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A K Prescott, Robert Kiapranis, Sutherland K. MaciverAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea is an area of great floristic and cultural diversity that has received little attention from ethnobotanists. Here we present the results of a comparative medicinal ethnobotanical survey of the Bulu and inland Kaulong; two distinct people groups inhabiting lowland rainforest on different sides of the island. A high proportion of species are used in the treatment of bacterial infections and plants with antibacterial activity were identified in the field using a specially developed antibacterial assay kit. Follow up testing with human pathogens was used to evaluate active plant material in more detail. Materials and methods Rapid appraisal techniques were used to survey both people groups with all data corroborated by three or more separate sources. Plants from both groups were tested in-the-field with a portable antibacterial test kit based on the agar diffusion assay, using a pressure cooker to sterilise glassware and media. Follow up laboratory based tests were carried out using standardised agar dilution protocols for drug resistant and drug sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results We find surprisingly little overlap in the plant species used by the two people groups with only 1 out of 70 species used for the same purpose. There is also a difference in emphasis in the conditions treated with 53% of Kaulong medicinal plants dedicated to treating Tropical Ulcers compared with only 8% of in the Bulu group. In-the-field testing identified Garcinia dulcis bark (a Kaulong Tropical Ulcer treatment) to have antibacterial activity and follow up tests against a drug resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (a pathogen implicated in Tropical Ulcer pathogenesis) revealed the crude bark extract to be potently active with an MIC of just 1 mg/ml. Conclusions The results demonstrate extreme differences in medicinal plant use between two people groups living a mere 100 km apart and suggests the two medicinal plant systems have developed in isolation from one another. In-the-field antibacterial testing of plant extracts was found to be a valuable technique that enabled early identification of active plant material.
Negussie F Bussa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Medicinal plants potential and use by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Erer Valley of Babile Wereda, Eastern Ethiopia
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Anteneh Belayneh, Zemede Asfaw, Sebsebe Demissew, Negussie F BussaAbstract:Background Ethiopian plants have shown remarkably effective medicinal values for many human and livestock ailments. Some research results are found on medicinal plants of the south, south west, central, north and north western parts of Ethiopia. However, there is lack of data that quantitatively assesses the resource potential and the indigenous knowledge on use and management of medicinal plants in eastern Ethiopia. The main thrust of the present ethnobotanical study centres around the potential and use of traditional medicinal plants by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Babile Wereda (district) of eastern Ethiopia. The results can be used for setting up of conservation priorities, preservation of local biocultural knowledge with sustainable use and development of the resource. Materials and methods Fifty systematically selected informants including fifteen traditional herbalists (as key informants) participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews, discussions and guided field walk constituted the main data collection methods. Techniques of preference ranking, factor of informant consensus and Spearman rank correlation test were employed in data analysis. Medicinal plant specimens were collected, identified and kept at the National Herbarium (ETH) of Addis Ababa University and Haramaya University Herbarium. Results Fifty-one traditional medicinal plant species in 39 genera and 28 families were recorded, constituting 37% shrubs, 29% trees, 26% herbs, 6% climbers and 2% root parasites. Leaves contributed to 35.3% of the preparations, roots (18.8%) and lower proportions for other parts. Formulations recorded added to 133 remedies for 54 human ailments, in addition to some used in vector control. The majority of remedies were the juice of single species, mixtures being generally infrequent. Aloe pirottae , Azadirachta indica and Hydnora johannis were the most cited and preferred species. Aloe pirottae, a species endemic to Ethiopia, is valued as a remedy for malaria, Tropical Ulcer, gastro-intestinal parasites, gallstone, eye diseases and snake bite. The jel extracted from dried and ground plant material, called SIBRI ( Oromo language ), was acclaimed as a cleaner of the human colon. Concoction made from leaf, seed and flower of Azadirachta indica was given for treatment of malaria, fungal infections and intestinal worms. Root preparations from Hydnora johannis were prescribed as remedy for diarrhoea, haemorrhage, wound and painful body swelling, locally called GOFLA ( Oromo language ) . Conclusions The study documented many well known and effective medicinal species of relevance for human healthcare, including for the treatment of malaria which is rampant in the area as it is in many parts of Ethiopia. This underscores the importance of the traditional medicinal plants for the people living in the area and the potential of the resource for development. Consequently, the study area deserves urgent conservation priority coupled with mechanisms for the protection of the associated indigenous medical lore as well as development and effective use of the medicinal plant resource.
Thomas A K Prescott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropical Ulcer plant treatments used by papua new guinea s apsokok nomads
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas A K Prescott, Peter Homot, Fionnuala Lundy, Rui Fang, Sheila Patrick, Rodrigo Camaraleret, Robert KiapranisAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The Tropical Ulcer is a debilitating bacterial infection that is common in Papua New Guinea. Deploying healthcare infrastructure to remote and inaccessible rainforest locations is not practical, therefore local plants may be the best treatment option. Here we present an ethnobotanical survey of the Tropical Ulcer plant medicines used by the semi-nomadic Apsokok who roam the remote central mountains of Papua New Guinea's West New Britain Province. In vitro biological activity in assays relevant to Tropical Ulcer wound healing is also presented. Materials and methods Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used to acquire information on the uses of plants, vouchers of which were identified by comparison with authentic herbarium specimens. Antibacterial disc diffusion assays with Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium Ulcerans , MMP-9 enzyme inhibition and dermal fibroblast stimulation assays were carried out on plant saps and aqueous extracts of plant material. LC-MS was used to identify known plant metabolites. Results The ethnobotanical survey identified sixteen species that were used to treat Tropical Ulcers, all of which were applied topically. A subset of twelve species were investigated further in vitro . Four species produced zones of inhibition with S. aureus , all 12 species provided low level inhibition of MMP-9 and 8 species stimulated dermal fibroblast proliferation, although cytotoxicity occurred at higher concentrations. The extract of Homalium foetidum Benth. inhibited S. aureus and MMP-9 while at lower sub-cytotoxic concentrations stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Trans-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid cis-3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid were detected in the aqueous extract of H. foetidum . Conclusions Topical application of plant saps to wounds results in very high localised concentrations of plant metabolites which is likely to result in inhibition of MMP proteases. H. foetidum is a candidate plant for Tropical Ulcer treatment in remote areas.
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Comparative ethnobotany and in-the-field antibacterial testing of medicinal plants used by the Bulu and inland Kaulong of Papua New Guinea
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas A K Prescott, Robert Kiapranis, Sutherland K. MaciverAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea is an area of great floristic and cultural diversity that has received little attention from ethnobotanists. Here we present the results of a comparative medicinal ethnobotanical survey of the Bulu and inland Kaulong; two distinct people groups inhabiting lowland rainforest on different sides of the island. A high proportion of species are used in the treatment of bacterial infections and plants with antibacterial activity were identified in the field using a specially developed antibacterial assay kit. Follow up testing with human pathogens was used to evaluate active plant material in more detail. Materials and methods Rapid appraisal techniques were used to survey both people groups with all data corroborated by three or more separate sources. Plants from both groups were tested in-the-field with a portable antibacterial test kit based on the agar diffusion assay, using a pressure cooker to sterilise glassware and media. Follow up laboratory based tests were carried out using standardised agar dilution protocols for drug resistant and drug sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results We find surprisingly little overlap in the plant species used by the two people groups with only 1 out of 70 species used for the same purpose. There is also a difference in emphasis in the conditions treated with 53% of Kaulong medicinal plants dedicated to treating Tropical Ulcers compared with only 8% of in the Bulu group. In-the-field testing identified Garcinia dulcis bark (a Kaulong Tropical Ulcer treatment) to have antibacterial activity and follow up tests against a drug resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (a pathogen implicated in Tropical Ulcer pathogenesis) revealed the crude bark extract to be potently active with an MIC of just 1 mg/ml. Conclusions The results demonstrate extreme differences in medicinal plant use between two people groups living a mere 100 km apart and suggests the two medicinal plant systems have developed in isolation from one another. In-the-field antibacterial testing of plant extracts was found to be a valuable technique that enabled early identification of active plant material.
Anteneh Belayneh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Medicinal plants potential and use by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Erer Valley of Babile Wereda, Eastern Ethiopia
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2012Co-Authors: Anteneh Belayneh, Zemede Asfaw, Sebsebe Demissew, Negussie F BussaAbstract:Background Ethiopian plants have shown remarkably effective medicinal values for many human and livestock ailments. Some research results are found on medicinal plants of the south, south west, central, north and north western parts of Ethiopia. However, there is lack of data that quantitatively assesses the resource potential and the indigenous knowledge on use and management of medicinal plants in eastern Ethiopia. The main thrust of the present ethnobotanical study centres around the potential and use of traditional medicinal plants by pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in Babile Wereda (district) of eastern Ethiopia. The results can be used for setting up of conservation priorities, preservation of local biocultural knowledge with sustainable use and development of the resource. Materials and methods Fifty systematically selected informants including fifteen traditional herbalists (as key informants) participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews, discussions and guided field walk constituted the main data collection methods. Techniques of preference ranking, factor of informant consensus and Spearman rank correlation test were employed in data analysis. Medicinal plant specimens were collected, identified and kept at the National Herbarium (ETH) of Addis Ababa University and Haramaya University Herbarium. Results Fifty-one traditional medicinal plant species in 39 genera and 28 families were recorded, constituting 37% shrubs, 29% trees, 26% herbs, 6% climbers and 2% root parasites. Leaves contributed to 35.3% of the preparations, roots (18.8%) and lower proportions for other parts. Formulations recorded added to 133 remedies for 54 human ailments, in addition to some used in vector control. The majority of remedies were the juice of single species, mixtures being generally infrequent. Aloe pirottae , Azadirachta indica and Hydnora johannis were the most cited and preferred species. Aloe pirottae, a species endemic to Ethiopia, is valued as a remedy for malaria, Tropical Ulcer, gastro-intestinal parasites, gallstone, eye diseases and snake bite. The jel extracted from dried and ground plant material, called SIBRI ( Oromo language ), was acclaimed as a cleaner of the human colon. Concoction made from leaf, seed and flower of Azadirachta indica was given for treatment of malaria, fungal infections and intestinal worms. Root preparations from Hydnora johannis were prescribed as remedy for diarrhoea, haemorrhage, wound and painful body swelling, locally called GOFLA ( Oromo language ) . Conclusions The study documented many well known and effective medicinal species of relevance for human healthcare, including for the treatment of malaria which is rampant in the area as it is in many parts of Ethiopia. This underscores the importance of the traditional medicinal plants for the people living in the area and the potential of the resource for development. Consequently, the study area deserves urgent conservation priority coupled with mechanisms for the protection of the associated indigenous medical lore as well as development and effective use of the medicinal plant resource.
Stephen K Tyring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tropical dermatology bacterial Tropical diseases
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2006Co-Authors: Omar Lupi, Vandana Madkan, Stephen K TyringAbstract:Bacterial infections are common in Tropical parts of the world and can include those species also seen regularly in temperate climates. Many Tropical bacterial infections, however, are rarely diagnosed in temperate parts of the world and include bartonellosis, Tropical Ulcer, Tropical pyomyositis, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, yaws, pinta, melioidosis, and glanders. Some Tropical bacterial diseases, eg, plague and anthrax, are associated with high mortality rates and are of potential use in bioterrorism. Some Tropical bacterial diseases are closely associated with specific activities such as hunting (ie, tularemia) or eating raw seafood ( Vibrio vulnificus infection). The bacterial diseases having the most severe medical impact in the tropics are those caused by members of the Mycobacterium genus. Millions of persons throughout the world suffer from tuberculosis and leprosy; Buruli Ulcers are common causes of morbidity in many Tropical countries. Because of the increasing frequency of travel to Tropical parts of the world for tourism and work as well as the increasing number of immigrants and adoptees from these areas, it is imperative that physicians practicing in temperate climates be able to recognize the signs and symptoms of Tropical bacterial diseases, carry out the proper diagnostic tests, and initiate appropriate therapy and prevention. Learning objective At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the clinical presentations, epidemiologies, diagnoses, therapies, and preventions of bacterial Tropical diseases.
