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Ya-jie Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aroma improvement by repeated freeze-thaw treatment during Tuber Melanosporum fermentation.
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Deng-rong Xiao, Rui-sang Liu, Ya-ling Tang, Xin-hua Liang, Tao Chen, Ya-jie TangAbstract:The aroma attributes of sulfurous, mushroom and earthy are the most important characteristics of the aroma of Tuber Melanosporum. However, these three aroma attributes are absent in the T. Melanosporum fermentation system. To improve the quality of the aroma, repeated freeze-thaw treatment (RFTT) was adopted to affect the interplay of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Using RFTT, not only was the score on the hedonic scale of the aroma increased from the “liked slightly” to the “liked moderately” grade, but the aroma attributes of sulfurous, mushroom and earthy could also be smelled in the T. Melanosporum fermentation system for the first time. A total of 29 VOCs were identified, and 9 compounds were identified as the key discriminative volatiles affected by RFTT. Amino acid analysis revealed that methionine, valine, serine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and threonine were the key substrates associated with the biosynthesis of the 9 key discriminative VOCs. This study noted that amino acid metabolism played an important role in the regulation of the aroma of the T. Melanosporum fermentation system.
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quantitative determination for the major volatile organic compounds of Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system by distillation solid phase extraction gas chromatography
Food Analytical Methods, 2012Co-Authors: Guan Wang, Ya-jie Tang, Yang Tang, Ping LiuAbstract:A method using distillation–solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector was developed for assaying the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (i.e., 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol) in the Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system. Satisfied linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery obtained in the method validation test indicate that the method was simple, accurate, and reproducible. Furthermore, the developed analytical method was used for the dynamic monitoring of the T. Melanosporum fermentation process, and the highest amount of major VOCs was occurred on days 9 and 10. This method can be employed to monitor the VOCs in the fermentation process and thus to evaluate the VOC quality of the truffle fermentation system.
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Volatile organic compounds from a Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system.
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Guan Wang, Jian-jiang Zhong, Ya-jie TangAbstract:A total of 59 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified from Tuber Melanosporum fermentation: 53 from its fermented mycelia and 32 from the fermentation broth. Alcohol-derived compounds were predominant in both the fermentation mycelia and the broth, although long chain fatty acids and isoprenoids were, for the first time, also found in the mycelia. The intense wine bouquet properties of the broth arose from several specific flavor substances, including sulfur compounds, pyrazines, furans and jasmones. Comparing the VOCs identified in this work with those previously reported, our results are more similar to the composition of the Tuber fruiting-body than previous Tuber fermentations. The composition and accumulation of flavor volatiles (e.g., pyrazines, sulfur compounds, and esters) and major constituents (e.g., 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-phenylethanol) in this fermentation were significantly influenced by the sucrose concentration in the medium. The obtained information could therefore be useful in applications to convert the flavors of truffle mycelia similar to those of the fruiting-body by optimising the fermentation process.
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Quantitative Determination for the Major Volatile Organic Compounds of Tuber Melanosporum Fermentation System by Distillation–Solid-Phase Extraction–Gas Chromatography
Food Analytical Methods, 2011Co-Authors: Ya-jie Tang, Guan Wang, Yang Tang, Ping LiuAbstract:A method using distillation–solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector was developed for assaying the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (i.e., 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol) in the Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system. Satisfied linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery obtained in the method validation test indicate that the method was simple, accurate, and reproducible. Furthermore, the developed analytical method was used for the dynamic monitoring of the T. Melanosporum fermentation process, and the highest amount of major VOCs was occurred on days 9 and 10. This method can be employed to monitor the VOCs in the fermentation process and thus to evaluate the VOC quality of the truffle fermentation system.
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Fed-batch fermentation of Tuber Melanosporum for the hyperproduction of mycelia and bioactive Tuber polysaccharides
Bioresource Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Qiao-ning Liu, Jian-jiang Zhong, Rui-sang Liu, Yi-hua Wang, Ya-jie TangAbstract:For the first time, a fed-batch fermentation process of Tuber Melanosporum was developed for the efficient production of bioactive mycelia and Tuber polysaccharides. Each 1.67 g/L of peptone and 8.33 g/L of yeast extract were added on day 3, 6, and 9, respectively, and sucrose was fed to maintain its concentration around 35-5 g/L when its residual level decreased to 10-5 g/L. Then, the maximal biomass, the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) reached 53.72 +/- 2.57 g DW/L, 7.09 +/- 0.62 and 4.43 +/- 0.21 g/L, respectively. Compared with the batch culture conducted in the enriched medium, the biomass, the production of EPS and IPS were enhanced by 55.8%, 222.3% and 103.2%, respectively. Not only the cell density but also the production of EPS and IPS were the highest ever reported in truffle fermentation, and the biomass was also the highest as ever reported in mushroom fermentation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Carlos Colinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil Characteristics of Tuber Melanosporum Habitat
Soil Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Benoît Jaillard, Pierre Sourzat, Daniel Oliach, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Tuber Melanosporum belongs to the genus Tuber that only includes mycorrhizal fungi living and fruiting underground within the soil environment. T. Melanosporum prefers sites in ridges or slopes, where water does not accumulate, and fractured parent materials where water can drain well. Rocky soils with crumb or subangular blocky structure, whose aggregates are stable to fast water immersion, are preferable for truffle cultivation, mostly when their texture is balanced and their clay content moderate. Tuber fungi thrive in alkaline soils with their exchange complex saturated by calcium or magnesium and high in well-mineralised organic matter. These soil conditions are all common in the landscape, but they seldom occur all at the same site. This is what makes natural truffle habitat scarce and disperse. Yet several of these soil characteristics can be modified and many farmlands can become excellent truffle orchards with the adequate soil management practices. These include liming, tilling or adding rock fragments and well-decomposed organic matter in soil.
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Weed control modifies Tuber Melanosporum mycelial expansion in young oak plantations
Annals of Forest Science, 2014Co-Authors: A. Olivera, José Antonio Bonet, Lorena Palacio, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Context Black truffle ( Tuber Melanosporum ) cultivation is a promising agro-forestry alternative for Mediterranean rural areas, but adequate weed control at seedling establishment still remains a challenge in black truffle plantations. Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of several weed control strategies on early development of Quercus ilex seedlings and the symbiotic T. Melanosporum . Materials and methods In a young black truffle-inoculated holm oak plantation, we assessed for 3 years the effects of two types of mechanical weed control and five mulches in a young Q. ilex plantation inoculated with T. Melanosporum . Herbaceous cover, seedling growth and abundance of T. Melanosporum mycelium, based on PCR analysis of soil DNA extracts using T. Melanosporum -specific primers, were estimated to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in controlling weeds and supporting the growth of both the host tree and the target fungus. Results The amount of T. Melanosporum mycelium in the soil 30 cm around the seedlings was larger under double-layer white mulch than in the rest of treatments tested. Under the white colour mulches, which had the largest light reflection, we registered the cooler soil temperature, and the best weed control was observed on the single- and double-layer black truffles and double-layer white mulch. Conclusion The effects of double-layer white mulch on herbaceous cover, soil temperature, reflected light, and the expansion of T. Melanosporum bring us closer to being able to substitute traditional tilling of truffle orchards for the less expensive mulching treatments.
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Weed control modifies Tuber Melanosporum mycelial expansion in young oak plantations
Annals of Forest Science, 2014Co-Authors: A. Olivera, José Antonio Bonet, Lorena Palacio, Bing Liu, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Context Black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) cultivation is a promising agro-forestry alternative for Mediterranean rural areas, but adequate weed control at seedling establishment still remains a challenge in black truffle plantations.
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Mycelial abundance and other factors related to truffle productivity in Tuber Melanosporum–Quercus ilex orchards
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Laura M. Suz, María P. Martín, Daniel Oliach, Christine R. Fischer, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Relative quantification of DNA from Tuber Melanosporum mycelia was performed by conventional and real-time PCR in soil from trees in three truffle orchards of different ages to determine: (1) whether burn appearance is related to the amount of T. Melanosporum mycelium in soil, and (2) whether productivity onset and truffle production are related to (a) the amount of T. Melanosporum mycelium in soil, (b) tree height and diameter, (c) burn extension and (d) surface rock cover. The burn seems to appear only after a certain amount of mycelium has formed. Precociously productive trees presented higher quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity onset study, while highly productive trees presented less quantities of mycelium than nonproductive trees in the productivity study. Trees with high but not excessive surface rock cover showed greater truffle production. Larger trees tended to display a burn earlier than smaller trees.
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Detection of Tuber Melanosporum DNA in soil
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Laura M. Suz, María P. Martín, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Our objectives were (i) to develop a molecular method to detect mycelia of Tuber Melanosporum (black truffle) in soil and (ii) to test for mycelial distribution around two truffle-bearing Quercus ilex trees in a truffle orchard. Isolation of total DNA from soil was performed, followed by PCR amplification with T. Melanosporum-specific primers and restriction analysis. To address the detection sensitivity level, soil samples were inoculated with known amounts of gleba of T. Melanosporum. The detection limit was Z11.4 mg of hyphae g 1 of soil. Mycelium was detected primarily within the area defined by the truffle burn and within the top 35 cm of the soil in all directions from the trees.
Marc-andré Selosse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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two ectomycorrhizal truffles Tuber Melanosporum and t aestivum endophytically colonise roots of non ectomycorrhizal plants in natural environments
New Phytologist, 2020Co-Authors: Laure Schneidermaunoury, Marc-andré Selosse, Aurélie Deveau, Myriam Moreno, Flora Todesco, Simone Belmondo, Claude Murat, Pierre-emmanuel Courty, Marcin JąkalskiAbstract:Serendipitous findings and studies on Tuber species suggest that some ectomycorrhizal fungi, beyond their complex interaction with ectomycorrhizal hosts, also colonise roots of nonectomycorrhizal plants in a loose way called endophytism. Here, we investigate endophytism of T. Melanosporum and T. aestivum. We visualised endophytic T. Melanosporum hyphae by fluorescent in situ hybridisation on nonectomycorrhizal plants. For the two Tuber species, microsatellite genotyping investigated the endophytic presence of the individuals whose mating produced nearby ascocarps. We quantified the expression of four T. aestivum genes in roots of endophyted, non-ectomycorrhizal plants. Tuber Melanosporum hyphae colonised the apoplast of healthy roots, confirming endophytism. Endophytic Tuber Melanosporum and T. aestivum contributed to nearby ascocarps, but only as maternal parents (forming the flesh). Paternal individuals (giving only genes found in meiotic spores of ascocarps) were not detected. Gene expression of T. aestivum in non-ectomycorrhizal plants confirmed a living status. Tuber species, and likely other ectomycorrhizal fungi found in nonectomycorrhizal plant roots in this study, can be root endophytes. This is relevant for the ecology (brule formation) and commercial production of truffles. Evolutionarily speaking, endophytism may be an ancestral trait in some ectomycorrhizal fungi that evolved from root endophytes.
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Two ectomycorrhizal truffles, Tuber Melanosporum and T. aestivum, endophytically colonise roots of non‐ectomycorrhizal plants in natural environments
New Phytologist, 2019Co-Authors: Laure Schneider-maunoury, Aurélie Deveau, Myriam Moreno, Flora Todesco, Simone Belmondo, Claude Murat, Pierre-emmanuel Courty, Marcin Jąkalski, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:Serendipitous findings and studies on Tuber species suggest that some ectomycorrhizal fungi, beyond their complex interaction with ectomycorrhizal hosts, also colonise roots of nonectomycorrhizal plants in a loose way called endophytism. Here, we investigate endophytism of T. Melanosporum and T. aestivum. We visualised endophytic T. Melanosporum hyphae by fluorescent in situ hybridisation on nonectomycorrhizal plants. For the two Tuber species, microsatellite genotyping investigated the endophytic presence of the individuals whose mating produced nearby ascocarps. We quantified the expression of four T. aestivum genes in roots of endophyted, non-ectomycorrhizal plants. Tuber Melanosporum hyphae colonised the apoplast of healthy roots, confirming endophytism. Endophytic Tuber Melanosporum and T. aestivum contributed to nearby ascocarps, but only as maternal parents (forming the flesh). Paternal individuals (giving only genes found in meiotic spores of ascocarps) were not detected. Gene expression of T. aestivum in non-ectomycorrhizal plants confirmed a living status. Tuber species, and likely other ectomycorrhizal fungi found in nonectomycorrhizal plant roots in this study, can be root endophytes. This is relevant for the ecology (brule formation) and commercial production of truffles. Evolutionarily speaking, endophytism may be an ancestral trait in some ectomycorrhizal fungi that evolved from root endophytes.
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Soil spore bank in Tuber Melanosporum: up to 42% of fruitbodies remain unremoved in managed truffle grounds.
Mycorrhiza, 2019Co-Authors: Laure Schneider-maunoury, Elisa Taschen, Franck Richard, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:Fungi fruiting hypogeously are believed to form spore banks in soil especially because some fruitbodies are not removed by animals. However, little is known on the proportion of fruitbodies that are not removed by animals. We took advantage of the brule phenomenon, which allows delineation of the mycelium distribution, to assess the proportion of unremoved black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) fruitbodies in the context of plantations where fruitbodies are actively sought and harvested by truffle growers. We inspected portions of the brules after the harvest season to find unremoved fruitbodies. On average, from six truffle grounds in which a total of 38 brules were investigated, unremoved fruitbodies represented 33% of the whole fruitbody production (42% when averaging all the brules). We discuss this value and its high variability among truffle grounds. Beyond the local and variable accidental reasons that may lead to this high proportion, we speculate that the formation of some undetectable fruitbodies may be under selection pressure, given the reproductive biology of T. Melanosporum.
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soil spore bank in Tuber Melanosporum up to 42 of fruitbodies remain unremoved in managed truffle grounds
Mycorrhiza, 2019Co-Authors: Laure Schneidermaunoury, Elisa Taschen, Franck Richard, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:Fungi fruiting hypogeously are believed to form spore banks in soil especially because some fruitbodies are not removed by animals. However, little is known on the proportion of fruitbodies that are not removed by animals. We took advantage of the brule phenomenon, which allows delineation of the mycelium distribution, to assess the proportion of unremoved black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) fruitbodies in the context of plantations where fruitbodies are actively sought and harvested by truffle growers. We inspected portions of the brules after the harvest season to find unremoved fruitbodies. On average, from six truffle grounds in which a total of 38 brules were investigated, unremoved fruitbodies represented 33% of the whole fruitbody production (42% when averaging all the brules). We discuss this value and its high variability among truffle grounds. Beyond the local and variable accidental reasons that may lead to this high proportion, we speculate that the formation of some undetectable fruitbodies may be under selection pressure, given the reproductive biology of T. Melanosporum.
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Soil spore bank in Tuber Melanosporum: up to 42% of fruitbodies remain unremoved in managed truffle grounds
Mycorrhiza, 2019Co-Authors: Laure Schneider-maunoury, Elisa Taschen, Franck Richard, Marc-andré SelosseAbstract:Fungi fruiting hypogeously are believed to form spore banks in soil especially because some fruitbodies are not removed by animals. However, little is known on the proportion of fruitbodies that are not removed by animals. We took advantage of the brûlé phenomenon, which allows delineation of the mycelium distribution, to assess the proportion of unremoved black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) fruitbodies in the context of plantations where fruitbodies are actively sought and harvested by truffle growers. We inspected portions of the brûlés after the harvest season to find unremoved fruitbodies. On average, from six truffle grounds in which a total of 38 brûlés were investigated, unremoved fruitbodies represented 33% of the whole fruitbody production (42% when averaging all the brûlés). We discuss this value and its high variability among truffle grounds. Beyond the local and variable accidental reasons that may lead to this high proportion, we speculate that the formation of some undetectable fruitbodies may be under selection pressure, given the reproductive biology of T. Melanosporum.
A. Olivera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weed control modifies Tuber Melanosporum mycelial expansion in young oak plantations
Annals of Forest Science, 2014Co-Authors: A. Olivera, José Antonio Bonet, Lorena Palacio, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Context Black truffle ( Tuber Melanosporum ) cultivation is a promising agro-forestry alternative for Mediterranean rural areas, but adequate weed control at seedling establishment still remains a challenge in black truffle plantations. Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of several weed control strategies on early development of Quercus ilex seedlings and the symbiotic T. Melanosporum . Materials and methods In a young black truffle-inoculated holm oak plantation, we assessed for 3 years the effects of two types of mechanical weed control and five mulches in a young Q. ilex plantation inoculated with T. Melanosporum . Herbaceous cover, seedling growth and abundance of T. Melanosporum mycelium, based on PCR analysis of soil DNA extracts using T. Melanosporum -specific primers, were estimated to determine the effectiveness of these treatments in controlling weeds and supporting the growth of both the host tree and the target fungus. Results The amount of T. Melanosporum mycelium in the soil 30 cm around the seedlings was larger under double-layer white mulch than in the rest of treatments tested. Under the white colour mulches, which had the largest light reflection, we registered the cooler soil temperature, and the best weed control was observed on the single- and double-layer black truffles and double-layer white mulch. Conclusion The effects of double-layer white mulch on herbaceous cover, soil temperature, reflected light, and the expansion of T. Melanosporum bring us closer to being able to substitute traditional tilling of truffle orchards for the less expensive mulching treatments.
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Weed control modifies Tuber Melanosporum mycelial expansion in young oak plantations
Annals of Forest Science, 2014Co-Authors: A. Olivera, José Antonio Bonet, Lorena Palacio, Bing Liu, Carlos ColinasAbstract:Context Black truffle (Tuber Melanosporum) cultivation is a promising agro-forestry alternative for Mediterranean rural areas, but adequate weed control at seedling establishment still remains a challenge in black truffle plantations.
Ping Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative determination for the major volatile organic compounds of Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system by distillation solid phase extraction gas chromatography
Food Analytical Methods, 2012Co-Authors: Guan Wang, Ya-jie Tang, Yang Tang, Ping LiuAbstract:A method using distillation–solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector was developed for assaying the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (i.e., 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol) in the Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system. Satisfied linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery obtained in the method validation test indicate that the method was simple, accurate, and reproducible. Furthermore, the developed analytical method was used for the dynamic monitoring of the T. Melanosporum fermentation process, and the highest amount of major VOCs was occurred on days 9 and 10. This method can be employed to monitor the VOCs in the fermentation process and thus to evaluate the VOC quality of the truffle fermentation system.
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Quantitative Determination for the Major Volatile Organic Compounds of Tuber Melanosporum Fermentation System by Distillation–Solid-Phase Extraction–Gas Chromatography
Food Analytical Methods, 2011Co-Authors: Ya-jie Tang, Guan Wang, Yang Tang, Ping LiuAbstract:A method using distillation–solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector was developed for assaying the major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (i.e., 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol) in the Tuber Melanosporum fermentation system. Satisfied linearity, precision, accuracy, and recovery obtained in the method validation test indicate that the method was simple, accurate, and reproducible. Furthermore, the developed analytical method was used for the dynamic monitoring of the T. Melanosporum fermentation process, and the highest amount of major VOCs was occurred on days 9 and 10. This method can be employed to monitor the VOCs in the fermentation process and thus to evaluate the VOC quality of the truffle fermentation system.
