The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nick Di Girolamo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Signalling Pathways Activated by Ultraviolet Radiation: Role in Ocular and Cutaneous Health
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2010Co-Authors: Nick Di GirolamoAbstract:The eye and the skin are protected by a multi-layered epithelial barrier that provides the first line of defence against invading pathogens and environmental stresses such as damaging solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Extensive epidemiological findings supported by compelling experimental evidence in culture and animal models suggest that Ultraviolet Radiation is the most important environmental carcinogen leading to the development of a variety of benign and malignant ocular and cutaneous conditions. Epithelial cells have evolved several key defence mechanisms to prevent Ultraviolet Radiation-induced DNA mutations from stably entering the genome and Ultraviolet Radiation-damaged cells from establishing themselves in an otherwise normal microenvironment. Firstly, through the process excision repair, cells have the ability to correct carcinogen-induced DNA damage. Secondly, severely damaged cells are eliminated from healthy tissues by molecular programs that trigger cell death. These processes are activated through complex intracellular signalling circuits that ensure that organs such as the eyes and skin are maintained in a disease-free state. Finally, abnormal cells can be recognized, targeted and destroyed by surveillance from the immune system, however this is complicated further by the immunosuppressive effects of Ultraviolet Radiation that promote tumour growth. This review will discuss in greater detail some of the processes and pathways that are activated in response to Ultraviolet Radiation and their effect on ocular and cutaneous health.
Richard C. Henry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Local Interstellar Ultraviolet Radiation Field
The Astrophysical Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Richard C. HenryAbstract:I have used the Hipparcos Input Catalogue, together with Kurucz model stellar atmospheres and information on the strength of the interstellar extinction, to create a model of the expected intensity and spectral distribution of the local interstellar Ultraviolet Radiation field, under various assumptions concerning the albedo a of the interstellar grains. (This Ultraviolet Radiation field is of particular interest because of the fact that Ultraviolet Radiation is capable of profoundly affecting the chemistry of the interstellar medium.) By comparing my models with the observations, I am able to conclude that the albedo a of the interstellar grains in the far-Ultraviolet is very low, perhaps a = 0.1. I also advance arguments that my present determination of this albedo is much more reliable than any of the many previous (and conflicting) Ultraviolet interstellar grain albedo determinations. Beyond this, I show that the Ultraviolet background Radiation that is observed at high Galactic latitudes must be extragalactic in origin, as it cannot be backscatter of the interstellar Radiation field.
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The Local Interstellar Ultraviolet Radiation Field
arXiv: Astrophysics, 2002Co-Authors: Richard C. HenryAbstract:I have used the Hipparcos Input Catalog, together with Kurucz model stellar atmospheres, and information on the strength of the interstellar extinction, to create a model of the expected intensity and spectral distribution of the local interstellar Ultraviolet Radiation field, under various assumptions concerning the albedo a of the interstellar grains. (This Ultraviolet Radiation field is of particular interest because of the fact that Ultraviolet Radiation is capable of profoundly affecting the chemistry of the interstellar medium.) By comparing my models with the observations, I am able to conclude that the albedo a of the interstellar grains in the far Ultraviolet is very low, perhaps a = 0.1. I also advance arguments that my present determination of this albedo is much more reliable than any of the many previous (and conflicting) Ultraviolet interstellar grain albedo determinations. Beyond this, I show that the Ultraviolet background Radiation that is observed at high galactic latitudes must be extragalactic in origin, as it cannot be backscatter of the interstellar Radiation field.
Vangelis George Kanellis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ultraviolet Radiation sensors: a review
Biophysical Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Vangelis George KanellisAbstract:Knowledge of when to actively modify outdoor sun protective behaviour is crucial for sun safety and should be based upon personal susceptibility to sunburn and the intensity of the Ultraviolet Radiation dose during outdoor exposure. To facilitate measurements of dose and exposure, non-scientific and research-grade instruments measuring different exposure parameters of solar Radiation are commercially available. These devices have been marketed as weather stations, purpose-built UVI display stations, portable dosimeters, handheld solarmeters, watches, and even stickers that can be worn. According to their measurements, the public can be educated and reminded to adopt appropriate sun safety practices such as limiting midday sun exposure, seeking shade, wearing protective clothing such as a broad-brimmed hat, and regularly applying and reapplying broad-spectrum sunscreen. There are many different commercial devices and smart phone applications (apps) that allow the public to be informed about current Ultraviolet Radiation levels in their immediate area, but each aims to enable the public to practise good sun safety behaviour. Naturally, each device is not without its various limitations and unique advantages. This study explores the ways in which Ultraviolet Radiation sensors can provide an accurate and highly convenient way of practising good sun safety behaviour in various contexts of high sun exposure such as playgrounds, tourist attractions, workplaces, and swimming pools. However, the author advises caution on the use of personal meters that have not been validated for their reliability and accuracy as public health tools.
A F Bais - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solar Ultraviolet Radiation in a changing climate
Nature Climate Change, 2014Co-Authors: Craig E Williamson, Richard G Zepp, Robyn M Lucas, Sasha Madronich, Amy T Austin, Carlos L Ballare, Mary Norval, Barbara Sulzberger, A F BaisAbstract:The projected large increases in damaging Ultraviolet Radiation as a result of global emissions of ozone-depleting substances have been forestalled by the success of the Montreal Protocol. New challenges are now arising in relation to climate change. We highlight the complex interactions between the drivers of climate change and those of stratospheric ozone depletion, and the positive and negative feedbacks among climate, ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation. These will result in both risks and benefits of exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation for the environment and human welfare. This Review synthesizes these new insights and their relevance in a world where changes in climate as well as in stratospheric ozone are altering exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation with largely unknown consequences for the biosphere.
Robyn M Lucas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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solar Ultraviolet Radiation in a changing climate
Nature Climate Change, 2014Co-Authors: Craig E Williamson, Richard G Zepp, Robyn M Lucas, Sasha Madronich, Amy T Austin, Carlos L Ballare, Mary Norval, Barbara Sulzberger, A F BaisAbstract:The projected large increases in damaging Ultraviolet Radiation as a result of global emissions of ozone-depleting substances have been forestalled by the success of the Montreal Protocol. New challenges are now arising in relation to climate change. We highlight the complex interactions between the drivers of climate change and those of stratospheric ozone depletion, and the positive and negative feedbacks among climate, ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation. These will result in both risks and benefits of exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation for the environment and human welfare. This Review synthesizes these new insights and their relevance in a world where changes in climate as well as in stratospheric ozone are altering exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation with largely unknown consequences for the biosphere.
