The Experts below are selected from a list of 36 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roger N. Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relevant Aspects of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Metallurgy
Wire Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Roger N. WrightAbstract:This chapter addresses carbon and low alloy steels, their composition, processing, transformation, and aging. The processing of iron from its ores, and the making of steel are immense subjects, complicated by environmental considerations and the availability of scrap. Iron ores are basically iron oxides, and the first step in the overall production process for steel occurs in a blast furnace. The charge to the blast furnace consists of iron ore, coke, and limestone. Preheated air is blown through the charge. Under steady-state operations, reactions occur. The pig iron contains about 3 to 4.5 % carbon. Although these carbon levels are excellent precursors for cast iron, they are much too high for steel. Hence, steel must be processed for carbon reduction in “steel-making” operations. A generally useful System of steel designation is the Unified Numbering System (UNS), which incorporates the traditional Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Systems. Plain carbon steel chemical specifications usually call out only four elements (other than iron): carbon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorous. Carbon increases strength and, up to intermediate levels, increases hardenability. It is important to understand that carbon steels contain numerous additional “residual” elements in their composition. The majority of desirable steel property combinations can be developed with plain carbon steels, provided there is adequate processing capability or limited product dimensions. Alloying generally improves hardenability, or allows slower cooling to be undertaken en route to the formation of martensite. A great improvement in hardenability can be achieved with minimal alloying (a very few percent of alloying additions), and many low alloy steels or simply alloy steels, have been designed with this in mind.
Mechanical Properties - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stainless steel
Metal Powder Report, 1990Co-Authors: Mechanical PropertiesAbstract:The History of Stainless Steel provides a fascinating glimpse into a vital material that we may take for granted today. Stainless steel, called "the miracle metal" and "the crowning achievement of metallurgy" by the prominent metallurgist Carl Zapffe, is a material marvel with an equally fascinating history of people, places, and technology. As stainless steel nears the hundredth anniversary of its discovery, The History of Stainless Steel by Harold Cobb is a fitting perspective on a vital material of our modern life. Aptly called the miracle metal by the renowned metallurgist Carl Zapffe, stainless steel is not only a metallurgical marvel, but its history provides an equally fascinating story of curiosity, competitive persistence, and entrepreneurial spirit. The History of Stainless Steel is the world's first book that captures the unfolding excitement and innovations of stainless steel pioneers and entrepreneurs. Many new insights are given into the work of famous pioneers like Harry Brearley, Elwood Haynes, and Benno Strauss, including significant technical contributions of lesser known figures like William Krivsky. This fascinating history of stainless steel exemplifies the great push of progress in the 20th Century. From the stainless steel cutlery of Brearley in 1913, stainless steel burst on the modern scene in many tangible ways. Excerpted text by William Van Alen, architect of the Chrysler Building, describes the early architectural use of stainless steel. Another historic application of stainless steel is the revolution in rail travel by the Edward G. Budd Company, which built the first light-weight stainless steel passenger trains--with an astounding 90% reduction in fuel costs. This remains recognized today as one of the technological marvels of the modern world. Harold Cobb, a metallurgist who has spent much of his career in the stainless steel industry, uncovers many interesting stories and insights, including a special perspective on the prominent role of stainless steel in the activities of emerging technical societies such as the American Society for Metals and the American Society for Testing and Materials. Amply illustrated and with a 78-page timeline, this publication truly evokes the inspirations created by and from stainless steel. Introduction -- The Early Discoveries -- Discoveries of the Commercial Usefulness of Stainless Steel -- The Great Stainless Steel Symposium (1924) -- The Life of Harry Brearley (1871-1948) -- The Early Books and Papers on Stainless Steel (1917-1949) -- The Chrysler Building (1930) -- Edward G. Budd (1870-1946), Inventor and Entrepreneur -- The Gateway Arch -- History of Stainless Steel Melting and Refining -- Two New Classes of Stainless Steel -- Stainless Steel Applications -- Canada Restores a Fleet of Stainless Steel Railcars -- The Plummer Classification System of Trade Names -- The Unified Numbering System (UNS) for Metals and Alloys -- The Naming and Numbering of Stainless Steels -- Appendix 1. Stainless Steel Bibliography -- Appendix 2. Stainless Steel Timeline.
Sabina Bocheńska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis of the Antimicrobial Copper Alloys Registered by the Environmental Protection Agency
Key Engineering Materials, 2016Co-Authors: M. Walkowicz, P. Osuch, Tadeusz Knych, Andrzej Mamala, Beata Smyrak, Sabina BocheńskaAbstract:The paper raises the issue of antimicrobial copper and its alloys constituting a promising solution for the constantly increasing problem of dangerous hospital-acquired infections. The major aim of the presented work is a precise analysis of antimicrobial copper alloys approved by The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in accordance with the Unified Numbering System, taking into account their European and international equivalent symbols as well – CEN and ISO, respectively. The analysis focuses mostly on the copper alloy types which the EPA list is composed of, their prices as well as materials and technological properties.
Carlo Malara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High Performance New Ni-Base Alloy AF955 (AF955) for Oil and Gas Industry
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 & Derivatives: Energy Aerospace and Industrial Applications, 2018Co-Authors: Luca Foroni, Louis Lherbier, Carlo MalaraAbstract:A precipitation hardened Ni-base alloy has been developed to fulfil the recent stringent requirements of the oil and gas industry. The new alloy is commercially designated as AF955 and the Unified Numbering System (UNS) assignment of N09955. The new alloy is patented and accepted for inclusion in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156. It is produced at strength levels of 827 MPa (120 ksi) 0.2% offset minimum yield strength (MYS) and 965 MPa (140 ksi) MYS with very good ductility and toughness, and with a microstructure characterized by fine γ′ and γ″ strengthening precipitates, uniform and equiaxed grain size distribution, minimized secondary phase precipitation and free of continuous grain boundary precipitates. It exhibits good corrosion resistance and low susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. These properties make alloy AF955 a very promising material for widespread applications from oil and gas industry to power generation, chemical applications and many others. Details of the manufacturing process and properties of AF955 are presented and discussed in this paper.
Daniel L. Twarog - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Copper Alloys, Cast Copper Alloys
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel L. TwarogAbstract:Cast copper alloys are used for their generally superior corrosion resistance, high electrical and thermal conductivities, and good bearing and wear qualities. These alloys are identified by Unified Numbering System designation. Irregular and complex external and internal shapes can be produced by various casting methods at less overall cost than by other means. The commonly used casting methods are compared, and casting characteristics of both single and polyphase alloys are described. Cast copper alloys include both yellow and red brasses as well as semired brasses and many bronzes. Alloy composition, on which the alloy properties depend, and usage are given. Keywords: Copper alloys; Cast copper alloys; Wear; Bronzes; Casting; Alloy identification; Brasses; Foundry practice; Bearings
