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Jeffery T. Ulmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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REASSESSING TRENDS IN BLACK VIOLENT Crime, 1980–2008: SORTING OUT THE “HISPANIC EFFECT” IN Uniform Crime Reports ARRESTS, NATIONAL Crime VICTIMIZATION SURVEY OFFENDER ESTIMATES, AND U.S. PRISONER COUNTS*
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
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reassessing trends in black violent Crime 1980 2008 sorting out the hispanic effect in Uniform Crime Reports arrests national Crime victimization survey offender estimates and u s prisoner counts
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
Darrell J. Steffensmeier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ARE GIRLS MORE VIOLENT TODAY THAN A GENERATION AGO? PROBABLY NOT.∗
2015Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben FeldmeyerAbstract:The authors examine recent trends in girls ’ violence as reported in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest data, National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) victimization data, and Monitoring the Future (MTF) self-report data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time series tests and intuitive plot displays show much overlap yet differences in each source’s portrayal of trends in girls ’ violence and the juvenile gender gap. All three sources show little or no change in the gender gap for homicide, rape/sexual assault, and robbery. However, UCR police counts show a sharp rise in female-to-male arrests for criminal assault during the past decade or so but that rise is not borne out in NCVS counts based on victims ’ Reports and in MTF counts based on self-reported violent offending. Net-widening policy shifts (e.g., policing physical attacks/threats of marginal seriousness that girls in relative terms are more likely to commit) and more gender-neutral enforcement have apparently escalated the arrest proneness of adolescent females for “criminal assault. ” Rather than girls having become more violent, official data increasingly mask differences in violent offending by male and female youth
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REASSESSING TRENDS IN BLACK VIOLENT Crime, 1980–2008: SORTING OUT THE “HISPANIC EFFECT” IN Uniform Crime Reports ARRESTS, NATIONAL Crime VICTIMIZATION SURVEY OFFENDER ESTIMATES, AND U.S. PRISONER COUNTS*
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
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reassessing trends in black violent Crime 1980 2008 sorting out the hispanic effect in Uniform Crime Reports arrests national Crime victimization survey offender estimates and u s prisoner counts
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
Casey T. Harris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Immigration and Violence in Rural versus Urban Counties, 1990–2010
The Sociological Quarterly, 2017Co-Authors: Brent R. Klein, Kayla Allison, Casey T. HarrisAbstract:ABSTRACTExtending disorganization and immigrant revitalization perspectives beyond the contexts dominating prior research, this study examines whether and how immigration may be uniquely linked to Crime in rural versus urban communities over the 1990–2010 period. Drawing on the Uniform Crime Reports offenses known database and the United States Census, we find that increases in immigration are negatively associated with violence. However, this relationship varies considerably across urban and rural locales. Our analysis reveals that immigration has no effect on Crime in the most rural communities, but buffers against it in the most urban ones. Additional regional variation in these urban and rural differences is also revealed.
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REASSESSING TRENDS IN BLACK VIOLENT Crime, 1980–2008: SORTING OUT THE “HISPANIC EFFECT” IN Uniform Crime Reports ARRESTS, NATIONAL Crime VICTIMIZATION SURVEY OFFENDER ESTIMATES, AND U.S. PRISONER COUNTS*
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
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reassessing trends in black violent Crime 1980 2008 sorting out the hispanic effect in Uniform Crime Reports arrests national Crime victimization survey offender estimates and u s prisoner counts
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
Ben Feldmeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ARE GIRLS MORE VIOLENT TODAY THAN A GENERATION AGO? PROBABLY NOT.∗
2015Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben FeldmeyerAbstract:The authors examine recent trends in girls ’ violence as reported in Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) arrest data, National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) victimization data, and Monitoring the Future (MTF) self-report data. Augmented Dickey-Fuller time series tests and intuitive plot displays show much overlap yet differences in each source’s portrayal of trends in girls ’ violence and the juvenile gender gap. All three sources show little or no change in the gender gap for homicide, rape/sexual assault, and robbery. However, UCR police counts show a sharp rise in female-to-male arrests for criminal assault during the past decade or so but that rise is not borne out in NCVS counts based on victims ’ Reports and in MTF counts based on self-reported violent offending. Net-widening policy shifts (e.g., policing physical attacks/threats of marginal seriousness that girls in relative terms are more likely to commit) and more gender-neutral enforcement have apparently escalated the arrest proneness of adolescent females for “criminal assault. ” Rather than girls having become more violent, official data increasingly mask differences in violent offending by male and female youth
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REASSESSING TRENDS IN BLACK VIOLENT Crime, 1980–2008: SORTING OUT THE “HISPANIC EFFECT” IN Uniform Crime Reports ARRESTS, NATIONAL Crime VICTIMIZATION SURVEY OFFENDER ESTIMATES, AND U.S. PRISONER COUNTS*
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
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reassessing trends in black violent Crime 1980 2008 sorting out the hispanic effect in Uniform Crime Reports arrests national Crime victimization survey offender estimates and u s prisoner counts
Criminology, 2011Co-Authors: Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Ben Feldmeyer, Casey T. Harris, Jeffery T. UlmerAbstract:Recent studies suggest a decline in the relative Black effect on violent Crime in recent decades and interpret this decline as resulting from greater upward mobility among African Americans during the past several decades. However, other assessments of racial stratification in American society suggest at least as much durability as change in Black social mobility since the 1980s. Our goal is to assess how patterns of racial disparity in violent Crime and incarceration have changed from 1980 to 2008. We argue that prior studies showing a shrinking Black share of violent Crime might be in error because of reliance on White and Black national Crime statistics that are confounded with Hispanic offenders, whose numbers have been increasing rapidly and whose violence rates are higher than that of Whites but lower than that of Blacks. Using 1980–2008 California and New York arrest data to adjust for this “Hispanic effect” in national Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data, we assess whether the observed national decline in racial disparities in violent Crime is an artifact of the growth in Hispanic populations and offenders. Results suggest that little overall change has occurred in the Black share of violent offending in both UCR and NCVS estimates during the last 30 years. In addition, racial imbalances in arrest versus incarceration levels across the index violent Crimes are both small and comparably sized across the study period. We conclude by discussing the consistency of these findings with trends in economic and social integration of Blacks in American society during the past 50 years.
Magnus Seng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THEFT ON CAMPUS: AN ANALYSIS OF LARCENY-THEFT AT AN URBAN UNIVERSITY
Journal of Crime and Justice, 1996Co-Authors: Magnus SengAbstract:ABSTRACT Larceny- theft is the most frequently reported index Crime in the United States, in virtually all 50 states and on most college campuses. Larceny-theft, (herein after referred to simply as theft) is the unlawful taking of property in which no use of violence, force or fraud occurs. It thus differs from embezzlement, “con games”, forgery or similar Crimes. In 1993, 7.8 million of the 14.1 million index Crimes reported in the Uniform Crime Report were thefts (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1994). Review of state by state data reveals that theft is also the most prevalent index Crime in each of the 50 states (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1994:68-78). More germane to the focus of this paper is that theft is also the most frequently reported Crime at all but eight of the 431 college and universities which reported Crime data for inclusion in the Uniform Crime Reports in 1993, (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1994:158-167). This pattern of the prevalence of theft among index Crime statistics has...
