The Experts below are selected from a list of 99192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthew E. Kahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding China's Urban Pollution Dynamics
Journal of Economic Literature, 2013Co-Authors: Siqi Zheng, Matthew E. KahnAbstract:China's ongoing Urban economic growth has sharply increased the population's per capita income, lowered the count of people living below the poverty line, and caused major environmental problems. We survey the growing literature investigating the causes and consequences of China's Urban Pollution challenges. We begin by studying how Urban population and industrial growth impacts local Pollution levels and greenhouse gas production. As the Urban population grows richer, its demand for private transportation and electricity sharply increases. Such privately beneficial activity exacerbates Urban Pollution externalities. Facing these severe environmental challenges, China's Urbanites increasingly demand quality of life progress. We survey the emerging literature investigating the demand for environmental progress in China. Progress in mitigating externalities hinges on whether the powerful central and local governments choose to address these issues. We analyze the political economy of whether government officials have strong incentives to tackle lingering Urban externalities. We conclude by discussing future research opportunities at the intersection of environmental and Urban economics
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understanding china s Urban Pollution dynamics
Journal of Economic Literature, 2013Co-Authors: Siqi Zheng, Matthew E. KahnAbstract:†China’s ongoing Urban economic growth has sharply increased the population’s per capita income, lowered the count of people living below the poverty line, and caused major environmental problems. We survey the growing literature investigating the causes and consequences of China’s Urban Pollution challenges. We begin by studying how Urban population and industrial growth impacts local Pollution levels and greenhouse gas production. As the Urban population grows richer, its demand for private transportation and electricity sharply increases. Such privately beneficial activity exacerbates Urban Pollution externalities. Facing these severe environmental challenges, China’s Urbanites increasingly demand quality of life progress. We survey the emerging literature investigating the demand for environmental progress in China. Progress in mitigating externalities hinges on whether the powerful central and local governments choose to address these issues. We analyze the political economy of whether government officials have strong incentives to tackle lingering Urban externalities. We conclude by discussing future research opportunities at the intersection of environmental and Urban economics. (JEL O18, P25, P28, Q53, R23, R41, R58)
Giulia Ulpiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On the linkage between Urban heat island and Urban Pollution island: Three-decade literature review towards a conceptual framework.
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Giulia UlpianiAbstract:With the doubling of Urban population within the next two decades and the disproportionate growth of megacities, it is critical to explore the synergism between Urban heat and Pollution. In this paper, a systematic review is conducted on the existing knowledge, collected since 1990, on the link between Urban heat island (UHI) and Urban Pollution island (UPI). Results from 16 countries and 11 Koppen-Geiger climatic zones are perused and compared to delineate methodological and experimental trends, geographical dependencies and research gaps. Detailed content analysis is conducted according to five prominent topics: i) the role of UHI on temperature-dependent chemistry, ii) the daytime/nighttime variability in the UHI-UPI interaction, iii) the role of Urban geomorphic types, forms and growth schemes, iv) future trends and v) primary and secondary effects of UHI mitigation on Urban air quality. Different approaches and observations are eventually harmonized to outline opportunities and challenges towards the disentanglement and/or the two-way mitigation of both phenomena. This will help governments and Urban planners to deliver coping strategies and precautions towards a more salutogenic Urban design.
Thomas Lanaras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorophyll fluorescence in the dandelion (Taraxacum spp.): a probe for screening Urban Pollution
Science of The Total Environment, 1994Co-Authors: Thomas Lanaras, Stefanos P. Sgardelis, John D. PantisAbstract:The spatial dependence of early morning chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fo, non-variable fluorescence; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fv = Fm − Fo, variable fluorescence; t12, half-rise time from Fo to Fm) and leaf chlorophyll concentration profiles of dandelion (Taraxacum spp.) were used to investigate the stress imposed on the plants by Urban Pollution. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations vary irrespective of Pollution levels. Fv/Fm, which is considered to be a good indicator of PSII damage over a wide range of environmental stresses did not show significant variation in relation to Pollution level. There was a good relationship between dandelion chlorophyll fluorescence values Fo, Fm and t12 and the concentration of air pollutants. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) based on the variation in values of Fo, Fm and t12 was used to derive a linear combination of Fo, Fm and t12 which was used as a stress index factor (SIF). The results are presented as a contour isosress map and show that chlorophyll fluorescence of intact plants can be used for screening Urban Pollution in the field or after transfer of the plants to the laboratory.
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Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence and some heavy metal concentrations in Sonchus spp. and Taraxacum spp. along an Urban Pollution gradient
Science of The Total Environment, 1994Co-Authors: Stefanos P. Sgardelis, C.m. Cook, John D. Pantis, Thomas LanarasAbstract:Chlorophyll-α fluorescence induction kinetics of dark-adapted leaves of Sonchus spp. were measured in plants from areas of differing levels of Urban Pollution. Significant increases (∼ 200%) in the minimal (Fo) and maximal (Fm) fluorescence and decreases (∼ 50%) in the half-rise time from Fo to FM (t12) were observed for plants in areas of high Pollution. A stress index factor (SIF) was derived based on the variation in these variables, using canonical variance analysis, which increased with increasing Pollution levels. Significant linear relationhips between the fluorescence parameters of Sonchus spp. and Taraxacum spp. indicate that both plants exhibit the same changes in their chlorophyll fluorescence patterns in response to the Pollution gradient. The ratio of Fm/Fo had a mean value of 5.2 ± 0.24 for Taraxacum spp. and 4.9 ± 0.23 Sonchus spp. No significant variation in the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was observed (0.75–0.82) which indicated that the efficiency of the primary photochemistry of photosystem II was not directly affected by Pollution level. The concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cu in the soil and plant tissue were higher in areas of higher traffic density and air Pollution. Individual or combinations of the metal concentrations significantly accounted for at least 53% of the variation in SIF for both Taraxacum spp. and Sonchus spp.
Sahar Sodoudi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interaction between Urban heat island and Urban Pollution island during summer in Berlin
The Science of the total environment, 2018Co-Authors: Fred Meier, Xuhui Lee, Chakraborty, Junfeng Liu, Martijn Schaap, Sahar SodoudiAbstract:Urban Heat Island (UHI) and Urban Pollution Island (UPI) are two major problems of the Urban environment and have become more serious with rapid Urbanization. Since UHI and UPI can interact with each other, these two issues should be studied concurrently for a better Urban environment. This study investigated the interaction between the UHI and UPI in Berlin, through a combined analysis of in-situ and remote sensing observations of aerosols and meteorological variables in June, July, and August from 2010 to 2017. The atmospheric UHI (AUHI), surface UHI (SUHI), atmospheric UPI (AUPI), and near-surface UPI (NSUPI) were analyzed. The SUHI and AUPI are represented by the remote sensing land surface temperature (LST) and aerosol optical depth (AOD), and the AUHI and NSUPI are represented by the in-situ air temperature and Particulate Matter (PM10) concentrations. The study area shows spatial consistency between SUHI and AUPI, with higher LST and AOD in the Urban areas. UHI strengthens the turbulent dispersion of particles in the Urban areas, decreasing the NSUPI. The NSUPI intensity shows a negative relationship with the AUHI intensity, especially at night with a correlation coefficient of −0.31. The increased aerosols in Urban atmosphere reduce the incoming solar radiation and increase the atmospheric longwave radiation in the Urban areas. The response of the surface to the change of absorbed radiation is strong at night and weak during the day. This study estimates that the SUHI intensity is enhanced by around 12% at clear night by the increased absorbed radiation in the Urban areas using an attribution method. The goal of this paper is to strengthen the understanding of the interactive influence between UHI and UPI and provide a basis for designing mitigation strategies of UHI and UPI. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Siqi Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding China's Urban Pollution Dynamics
Journal of Economic Literature, 2013Co-Authors: Siqi Zheng, Matthew E. KahnAbstract:China's ongoing Urban economic growth has sharply increased the population's per capita income, lowered the count of people living below the poverty line, and caused major environmental problems. We survey the growing literature investigating the causes and consequences of China's Urban Pollution challenges. We begin by studying how Urban population and industrial growth impacts local Pollution levels and greenhouse gas production. As the Urban population grows richer, its demand for private transportation and electricity sharply increases. Such privately beneficial activity exacerbates Urban Pollution externalities. Facing these severe environmental challenges, China's Urbanites increasingly demand quality of life progress. We survey the emerging literature investigating the demand for environmental progress in China. Progress in mitigating externalities hinges on whether the powerful central and local governments choose to address these issues. We analyze the political economy of whether government officials have strong incentives to tackle lingering Urban externalities. We conclude by discussing future research opportunities at the intersection of environmental and Urban economics
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understanding china s Urban Pollution dynamics
Journal of Economic Literature, 2013Co-Authors: Siqi Zheng, Matthew E. KahnAbstract:†China’s ongoing Urban economic growth has sharply increased the population’s per capita income, lowered the count of people living below the poverty line, and caused major environmental problems. We survey the growing literature investigating the causes and consequences of China’s Urban Pollution challenges. We begin by studying how Urban population and industrial growth impacts local Pollution levels and greenhouse gas production. As the Urban population grows richer, its demand for private transportation and electricity sharply increases. Such privately beneficial activity exacerbates Urban Pollution externalities. Facing these severe environmental challenges, China’s Urbanites increasingly demand quality of life progress. We survey the emerging literature investigating the demand for environmental progress in China. Progress in mitigating externalities hinges on whether the powerful central and local governments choose to address these issues. We analyze the political economy of whether government officials have strong incentives to tackle lingering Urban externalities. We conclude by discussing future research opportunities at the intersection of environmental and Urban economics. (JEL O18, P25, P28, Q53, R23, R41, R58)
