The Experts below are selected from a list of 357681 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Goran Belojevic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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road traffic noise and factors influencing noise annoyance in an Urban Population
Environment International, 2009Co-Authors: Branko Jakovljevic, Katarina Paunovic, Goran BelojevicAbstract:Abstract Noise annoyance is influenced by sound-related factors: type of noise, noise level and frequency, and person-related factors—physiological, psychological, and social factors. Prior to implementation of the Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council in Serbia, there was a need for the first comprehensive study on noise annoyance in Serbian Urban Population. The aim of this study was to determine principal factors for high noise annoyance in an adult Urban Population and to assess their predictive value. A cross-sectional study was performed on 3097 adult residents of a downtown municipality in Belgrade (1217 men and 1880 women), aged 18–96 years. Equivalent noise levels [Leq (dBA)] were measured during day, evening and night in all streets of the municipality. Noise annoyance was estimated using self-reported annoyance scale. Noise annoyance showed strong correlation with noise levels, personal characteristics and some housing conditions. Dose–response relationship was found between the percentage of highly annoyed residents and Lden. Logistic regression model identified increased risk for a high level of noise annoyance with regard to: orientation of living room/bedroom toward the street (Odds Ratio = 2.60; 95% Confidence Interval = 2.04–3.31), duration of stay at apartment during the day [OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02–1.06 (per hour)], noise sensitivity [OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.03–1.04 (per scale unit)], and nighttime road-traffic noise level [OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.02–1.04 (per decibel)].
Takayuki Mizuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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initial value dependence of Urban Population s growth rate distribution and the long term growth
Frontiers in Physics, 2020Co-Authors: Atushi Ishikawa, Shouji Fujimoto, Arturo Ramos, Takayuki MizunoAbstract:This paper uses the census information of the municipal Population data of the United States, Italy, and Spain to analyze the statistical properties of their 10-year growth (short-term properties). We confirmed that the smaller the initial Urban Population is, the greater the probability that the Urban Population will decrease and that the probability that the Urban Population will increase does not depend on the initial Urban Population. We also observed the statistical properties of the long-term growth of Urban Populations in each country over 100 years and specifically identified the following properties by observing the geometric mean of logarithmically equal-sized bins of the oldest Urban Population in the data used in the analysis. 1) The average Urban Population is increasing or decreasing exponentially with time. 2) The smaller the initial average Urban Population is, the smaller the exponent, which can be negative in Italy and Spain. 3) When the average Urban Population is large, exponential growth may stop. We showed that these long-term properties are derived from a short-term property by random sampling simulations from real data.
Branko Jakovljevic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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road traffic noise and factors influencing noise annoyance in an Urban Population
Environment International, 2009Co-Authors: Branko Jakovljevic, Katarina Paunovic, Goran BelojevicAbstract:Abstract Noise annoyance is influenced by sound-related factors: type of noise, noise level and frequency, and person-related factors—physiological, psychological, and social factors. Prior to implementation of the Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council in Serbia, there was a need for the first comprehensive study on noise annoyance in Serbian Urban Population. The aim of this study was to determine principal factors for high noise annoyance in an adult Urban Population and to assess their predictive value. A cross-sectional study was performed on 3097 adult residents of a downtown municipality in Belgrade (1217 men and 1880 women), aged 18–96 years. Equivalent noise levels [Leq (dBA)] were measured during day, evening and night in all streets of the municipality. Noise annoyance was estimated using self-reported annoyance scale. Noise annoyance showed strong correlation with noise levels, personal characteristics and some housing conditions. Dose–response relationship was found between the percentage of highly annoyed residents and Lden. Logistic regression model identified increased risk for a high level of noise annoyance with regard to: orientation of living room/bedroom toward the street (Odds Ratio = 2.60; 95% Confidence Interval = 2.04–3.31), duration of stay at apartment during the day [OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.02–1.06 (per hour)], noise sensitivity [OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.03–1.04 (per scale unit)], and nighttime road-traffic noise level [OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.02–1.04 (per decibel)].
S Vaaler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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type 2 diabetes in rural and Urban Population diverse prevalence and associated risk factors in bangladesh
Diabetic Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Akhtar Hussain, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, A K A Khan, Sundas Ali, S VaalerAbstract:Aims To describe differences in prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with its associated risk factors between rural and Urban Populations in Bangladesh. Diagnostic criteria [fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT)] were compared and reviewed for both Populations. Methods A total of 1555 subjects from Urban and 4757 from rural communities (age ≥ 20 years) with similar cultural and ethnic backgrounds were randomly selected in a cross-sectional survey. FBG values were determined from all and 2-h post-glucose capillary blood samples were determined after a 75-g oral glucose load for a selected number (Urban 476, rural 1046). Results A higher prevalence of diabetes was found in Urban (8.1%) compared with rural Populations (2.3%). Age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio for men were significant risk factors for both Urban and rural subjects following fasting and 2-h post-glucose values adjusted for a number of confounding variables. Poor agreement was observed between FBG and OGTT for both Urban (kappa 0.41) and rural (kappa 0.40) areas. Conclusions A higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Urban Population was observed compared with rural subjects despite similar body mass indexes (BMI). Differences in obesity, waist/hip ratio or hypertension failed to explain the increasing occurrence of T2DM in the Urban Population.
Rakhi Dandona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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angle closure glaucoma in an Urban Population in southern india the andhra pradesh eye disease study
Ophthalmology, 2000Co-Authors: Lalit Dandona, Marmamula Srinivas, Partha Mandal, Rakhi Dandona, Catherine A Mccarty, Rajesh K John, Gullapalli N RaoAbstract:Abstract Objective To assess the prevalence and features of angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) in an Urban Population in southern India. Design A Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 2522 (85.4% of those eligible) persons of all ages, including 1399 persons 30 years of age or older, from 24 clusters representative of the Population of Hyderabad city. Testing The participants underwent an interview and detailed eye examination that included logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, and gonioscopy; pupil dilatation and stereoscopic fundus evaluation was performed if the risk of angle-closure as a result of dilatation was not believed to be imminent. Humphrey threshold 24-2 visual fields (Humphrey Instruments Inc., San Leandro, CA) were performed when indicated by standardized criteria for disc damage or if intraocular pressure (IOP) was 22 mmHg or more. Main outcome measures An occludable angle was defined as pigmented posterior trabecular meshwork not visible by gonioscopy in three quarters or more of the angle circumference. Manifest primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was defined as IOP of 22 mmHg or more or glaucomatous optic disc damage with visual field loss in the presence of an occludable angle. An IOP of 22 mmHg or more or glaucomatous optic disc damage in the presence of an occludable angle secondary to an obvious cause was defined as secondary ACG. Results Manifest PACG and occludable angles without ACG were present in 12 and 24 participants, respectively, with age- and gender-adjusted prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.71% (0.34%–1.31%) and 1.41% (0.73%–2.09%) in participants 30 years of age or older, and 1.08% (0.36%–1.80%) and 2.21% (1.15%–3.27%) in participants 40 years of age or older, respectively. With multivariate analysis, the prevalence of these two conditions considered together increased significantly with age ( P Conclusions The prevalence of PACG in this Urban Population in southern India is close to that reported recently in a Mongolian Population. A large proportion of the PACG in this Population was undiagnosed and untreated. Because visual loss resulting from PACG is potentially preventable if peripheral iridotomy or iridectomy is performed in the early stage, strategies for early detection of PACG could reduce the high risk of blindness resulting from PACG seen in this Urban Population in India.
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Unilateral visual impairment in an Urban Population in southern India.
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2000Co-Authors: Lalit Dandona, Marmamula Srinivas, Partha Mandal, Rakhi Dandona, Catherine A MccartyAbstract:This study assessed the prevalence and causes of unilateral visual impairment in the Urban Population of Hyderabad city as part of the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study. Stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling was used to select 2,954 subjects from 24 clusters representative of the Population of Hyderabad. Eligible subjects underwent detailed eye examination including logMAR visual acuity, refraction, slitlamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, dilatation, cataract grading, and stereoscopic evaluation of fundus. Automated threshold visual fields and slitlamp and fundus photography were done when indicated by standardised criteria. Unilateral visual impairment was defined as presenting distance visual acuity A total of 2,522 subjects (85.4% of eligible), including 1,399 ≥30 years old, participated in the study. In addition to the 1% blindness and 7.2% moderate visual impairment (based on bilateral visual impairment criteria) reported earlier in this sample, 139 subjects had unilateral visual impairment, an age-gender-adjusted prevalence of 3.8% (95% confidence interval 2.7-4.9%). The major causes of this visual impairment 39.9% were refractive error (42.9%), cataract (14.4%), corneal disease (11.5%), and retinal disease (11.2%). Of this unilateral visual impairment was blindness. The major causes of unilateral blindness were corneal disease (23.2%), cataract (22.5%), retinal disease (18%), and optic atrophy (12.9%). On the other hand, the predominant cause of unilateral moderate visual impairment was refractive error (67%) followed by cataract (9%). Of the total unilateral visual impairment, 34.3% was present in those Unilateral visual impairment afflicts approximately 1 in 25 persons in this Urban Population. A large proportion of this unilateral visual impairment is present in younger age groups. The causes of unilateral visual impairment, like those of bilateral visual impairment in this Population, are varied, suggesting therefore, that in addition to the current focus of eye care in India predominantly on cataract, other causes of visual impairment need to be addressed as well.
