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William C De Groat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:Abstract GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5–8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral spincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg. s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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research report effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition -- 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-.treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability ot.-" the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
Mitsuharu Yoshiyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:Abstract GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5–8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral spincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg. s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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research report effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition -- 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-.treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability ot.-" the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
James R Roppolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:Abstract GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5–8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral spincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg. s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
Brain Research, 1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability of the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
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research report effects of gyki 52466 and cnqx ampa kainate receptor antagonists on the micturition reflex in the rat
1995Co-Authors: Mitsuharu Yoshiyama, James R Roppolo, William C De GroatAbstract:GYKI 52466, a non-competitive AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist, administered in graded doses (0.5-8 mg/kg, i.v.) at 10 min intervals, decreased the amplitude and duration of reflex bladder contractions (maximal inhibition = 63%), the intercontraction interval (maximal inhibition = 83%) and external urethral sphincter activity (maximal inhibition -- 91%) in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. On the other hand, in unanesthetized decerebrate rats, the drug did not alter reflex bladder activity but did produce a significant depression of sphincter activity (maximal inhibition = 59%). The depressant effects of single doses of GYKI 52466 (4 mg/kg, i.v.) on external urethral sphincter EMG activity occurred with similar time courses in both Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact and unanesthetized decerebrate rats during continuous transurethral cystometrograms. In Urethane-.treated (0.6 g/kg, i.p.) decerebrate rats, GYKI 52466 (0.5-4 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed bladder contraction amplitude and sphincter EMG activity, similar to the effects in Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact rats. CNQX (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.v.), a competitive AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, administered to Urethane-anesthetized (1.2 g/kg, s.c.) intact or unanesthetized decerebrate rats did not alter the bladder or the external urethral sphincter activity during continuous transurethral cystometrograms, possibly due to the inability ot.-" the drug to readily cross the blood-brain barrier. The present results indicate that glutamatergic excitatory transmission mediated by AMPA/kainate receptors is essential for the activation of external urethral sphincter activity during micturition in anesthetized and unanesthetized preparation. However, the depressant effect of GYKI 52466 on reflex bladder activity is only unmasked by Urethane anesthesia, raising the possibility that Urethane interacts with AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors in the spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway.
Yinping Zhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phase behavior and hydrogen bonding in biomembrane mimicing polyUrethanes with long side chain fluorinated alkyl phosphatidylcholine polar head groups attached to hard block
Polymer, 2005Co-Authors: Mi Guo, Xingyi Xie, Yinping ZhongAbstract:Abstract To achieve a good biocompatibility, two sets of novel segmented polyUrethanes, namely, poly(ether Urethane)s and poly(carbonate Urethane)s, with long side chain fluorinated alkyl phosphatidylcholine polar head groups attached to hard block have been synthesized recently in our laboratory by using a new diol with a long side chain fluorinated alkyl phosphatidylcholine polar head group 2-[2-[2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-10-ethoxy-decyloxy]- N -(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-ethyl)-acetamide] phosphatidylcholine, HFDAPC as an extender. These novel polyUrethanes have shown a potential to be used as bio-membrane mimicry. In this article we investigated the phase behavior of these materials by Instron, DSC, DMA, and AFM because the phase behavior has a great effect on the surface properties thus the biological-related perspective. T g decreases first then increases for the poly(carbonate Urethane)s, but increases first then decreases for the poly(ether Urethane)s with an increasing in fluorinate phosphatidylcholine content. On the other hand, the tensile modulus was found decrease for the poly(carbonate Urethane)s but increase for the poly(ether Urethane)s with an increasing in fluorinate phosphatidylcholine content. It was found via AFM that the phase separation increases in poly(ether Urethane)s but phase mixing increases in poly(carbonate Urethane)s, with increasing content of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine side chain. The interaction between hard and soft segment, particularly, the hydrogen bonding was investigated by FTIR. The effect of fluorinated phosphatidylcholine side group on the phase separation of polyUrethane was discussed and compared with that of fluorinated polyUrethanes containing only fluorinated side chains. Our result demonstrated how the phase behavior of polyUrethanes could be controlled by tailoring the interaction between hard and soft segment.
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the effect of fluorinated side chain attached on hard segment on the phase separation and surface topography of polyUrethanes
Polymer, 2004Co-Authors: Hong Tan, Xingyi Xie, Min Guo, Yinping ZhongAbstract:It has been well established that polyUrethanes exhibit a two-phase micro-structure due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft segments and hard segments. In this work, we reported the effect of fluorinated side chain attached on hard segment on the phase separation and surface topography of polyUrethanes. Two sets of fluorinated polyUrethanes, namely, poly(ether Urethane)s and poly(carbonate Urethane)s containing various amounts of chain extender of fluorinated side chains, were investigated by DSC, XPS, DMA, AFM and FTIR. It was found that the phase separation in both bulk and surface increases in fluorinated poly(carbonate Urethane)s and the phase mixing increases in fluorinated poly(ether Urethane)s, with increasing amounts of fluorinated side chain. The increased degree of hydrogen bonding between hard segments and soft segments was observed by FTIR for fluorinated poly(ether Urethane), which is believed to result in the enhanced phase mixing, and the enhanced association of domains with long-range order (hydrogen bonding) between hard segments was evident for fluorinated poly(carbonate Urethane)s, which may correspond to the enhanced phase separation. The result is new and provides direct connection between surface topography and bulk phase separation of polyUrethanes.
Haritz Sardon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unexpected Synthesis of Segmented Poly(hydroxyurea–Urethane)s from Dicyclic Carbonates and Diamines by Organocatalysis
Macromolecules, 2018Co-Authors: Amaury Bossion, Etienne Grau, Henri Cramail, David Mecerreyes, Roberto Aguirresarobe, Lourdes Irusta, Daniel Taton, Guoming Liu, Alejandro Müller, Haritz SardonAbstract:A complete study of the effect of different organocatalysts on the step-growth polyaddition of a five-membered dicyclic carbonate, namely diglycerol dicarbonate, with a poly(ethylene glycol)-based diamine in bulk at 120 °C was first carried out. The reaction was found to be dramatically catalyst-dependent, higher rates being observed in the presence of strong bases, such as phosphazenes (t-Bu-P4 or P4) and 5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD). Unexpectedly, the as-formed Urethane linkages entirely vanished with time, as evidenced by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopies, while signals due to urea bond formation progressively appeared. An advantage of the chemical transformation occurring from Urethane to urea linkages was further taken by optimizing the polymerization conditions to access a range of poly(hydroxyurea–Urethane)s (PHUUs) with precise Urethane to urea ratio in a one-pot process. Characterization of the corresponding polymers by rheological measurements showed that the storage modulus reached a plateau at high temperatures and at high urea contents. The application temperature range of poly(hydroxyurea–Urethane)s could thus be increased from 30 to 140 °C, as for regular polyUrethanes. Furthermore, SAXS and phase-contrast microscopy images demonstrated that increasing the urea content improved the phase separation between soft and hard segments of these PHUUs. Altogether, this novel, straightforward, efficient, and environmentally friendly strategy enables the access to non-isocyanate poly(urea–Urethane)s with tunable Urethane-to-urea ratio from five-membered dicyclic carbonates following an organocatalytic pathway.
