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Hannu Uusitalo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an acute ocular inflammatory reaction induced by intravitreal bovine serum albumin in presensitized rabbits the effect of phentolamine
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: Hannu UusitaloAbstract:An acute inflammatory reaction in the Uvea was challenged by an intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in presensitized rabbits. During the observation time of 3 h, intraocular pressure (IOP) increased, anterior Uveal blood vessels were dilated, miosis was produced, and as a sign of the breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier, protein content in the aqueous humour was increased. In the contralateral eye, the reaction consisted of an increase in IOP and a disruption of the blood aqueous barrier. As an evidence of the immunological mehcanism of this acute reaction, presensitized animals intravitreally injected with saline or unimmunized rabbits which were injected with BSA showed no significant changes in IOP, pupillary diameter or protein content in aqueous humour. Phentolamine significantly reduced protein leakage into the anterior chamber of the experimental eye. It also significantly inhibited the increase in IOP and protein leakage in the contralateral eye. The present findings demonstrate that a hypertensive inflammatory phase is present in the acute experimenal uveitis. The mechanisms of the reaction and the mode of action of phentolamine are discussed.
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nerve fibers showing immunoreactivities for thyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta hydroxylase re appear in the guinea pig Uvea after sympathectomy
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: J I Lehtosalo, Arto Palkama, Liisa Eranko, Hannu UusitaloAbstract:Abstract. After sympathectomy we have studied the re-appearence of nerve fibers showing catecholaminergic characteristics in the Uvea of the guinea pig. Immunoreactivities for two catecholamine symthetizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopaminebeta-hydroxylase (DBH), were used as markers. Both TH-like and DBH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers disappeared after the extirpation of ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In the choroid the TH-like and DBH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers re-appeared within 2 weeks. In the iris and the ciliary body both of these types of immunoreactive nerve fibers re-appeared 10 weeks after the denervation. The morphological appearence of these re-appearing nerve fibers was not similar to those in the non-denervated Uvea.
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Nerve fibers showing immunoreactivities for thyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase re‐appear in the guinea pig Uvea after sympathectomy
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: J I Lehtosalo, Arto Palkama, Liisa Eranko, Hannu UusitaloAbstract:Abstract. After sympathectomy we have studied the re-appearence of nerve fibers showing catecholaminergic characteristics in the Uvea of the guinea pig. Immunoreactivities for two catecholamine symthetizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopaminebeta-hydroxylase (DBH), were used as markers. Both TH-like and DBH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers disappeared after the extirpation of ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In the choroid the TH-like and DBH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers re-appeared within 2 weeks. In the iris and the ciliary body both of these types of immunoreactive nerve fibers re-appeared 10 weeks after the denervation. The morphological appearence of these re-appearing nerve fibers was not similar to those in the non-denervated Uvea.
Deepak P Edward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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congenital ectropion Uvea and mechanisms of glaucoma in neurofibromatosis type 1 new insights
Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Deepak P Edward, Jose Manuel Morales, Rachida Bouhenni, Jayaprakash Patil, Priya R Edward, Thomas J Cummings, Imtiaz A Chaudhry, Hind M AlkatanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinicopathologic features of congenital ectropion Uvea associated with glaucoma in neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Five cases of NF-1 associated with glaucoma, from which enucleated eyes were available, and 2 eye bank eyes used as controls. METHODS: The clinical features and courses of these patients were reviewed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry using antineurofibromin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and antivimentin was performed in 3 patients. Gene expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was examined in corneal endothelial cells in 1 patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of glaucoma in patients with ectropion Uvea and NF-1. RESULTS: The age of patients at the time of glaucoma diagnosis ranged from birth to 13 years. Four of the 5 patients had megalocornea and buphthalmos at presentation. Ectropion Uvea was noted clinically in 2 patients, but was demonstrated histopathologically in all 5 patients. On histopathologic examination, all patients had varying degrees of angle closure secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. Uveal neurofibromas were noted in all patients; anteriorly displaced ciliary processes were noted in 4 of 5 patients who demonstrated ciliary body involvement with neurofibromas. Absence of Schlemm's canal was observed. The endothelial cells lining the closed angle demonstrated positive stain results with the vimentin antibody. Positive antineurofibromin immunolabeling was detected in normal control corneal endothelium, but was absent in corneal endothelium in patients with endothelialization of the angle. Upregulation of genes from the MAPK signaling pathway was demonstrated in the corneal endothelial cells isolated from the NF-1 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Ectropion Uvea in NF-1 glaucoma is secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle and is associated commonly with severe pediatric glaucoma in NF-1 patients. The endothelial cell proliferation may be related to overexpression of the Ras (Rat sarcoma)-MAPK genes in these eyes.
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Congenital Ectropion Uvea and Mechanisms of Glaucoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1:: New Insights
Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Deepak P Edward, Jose Manuel Morales, Rachida Bouhenni, Jayaprakash Patil, Priya R Edward, Thomas J Cummings, Imtiaz A Chaudhry, Hind M AlkatanAbstract:Objective To describe the clinicopathologic features of congenital ectropion Uvea associated with glaucoma in neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). Design Retrospective case series. Participants and Controls Five cases of NF-1 associated with glaucoma, from which enucleated eyes were available, and 2 eye bank eyes used as controls. Methods The clinical features and courses of these patients were reviewed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry using antineurofibromin, anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein, and antivimentin was performed in 3 patients. Gene expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was examined in corneal endothelial cells in 1 patient. Main Outcome Measures Cause of glaucoma in patients with ectropion Uvea and NF-1. Results The age of patients at the time of glaucoma diagnosis ranged from birth to 13 years. Four of the 5 patients had megalocornea and buphthalmos at presentation. Ectropion Uvea was noted clinically in 2 patients, but was demonstrated histopathologically in all 5 patients. On histopathologic examination, all patients had varying degrees of angle closure secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. Uveal neurofibromas were noted in all patients; anteriorly displaced ciliary processes were noted in 4 of 5 patients who demonstrated ciliary body involvement with neurofibromas. Absence of Schlemm's canal was observed. The endothelial cells lining the closed angle demonstrated positive stain results with the vimentin antibody. Positive antineurofibromin immunolabeling was detected in normal control corneal endothelium, but was absent in corneal endothelium in patients with endothelialization of the angle. Upregulation of genes from the MAPK signaling pathway was demonstrated in the corneal endothelial cells isolated from the NF-1 eyes. Conclusions Ectropion Uvea in NF-1 glaucoma is secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle and is associated commonly with severe pediatric glaucoma in NF-1 patients. The endothelial cell proliferation may be related to overexpression of the Ras (Rat sarcoma)-MAPK genes in these eyes. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
K Psilas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The contribution of aqueous humor cytology in the differential diagnosis of anterior Uvea inflammations
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020Co-Authors: Christos Kalogeropoulos, Ioannis Asproudis, Vassiliki Malamou-mitsi, K PsilasAbstract:Background:Cytology of the aqueous humor can confirm the diagnosis of many intraocular conditions by revealing inflammatory cells, ghost red cells, lens material, and microorganisms. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to emphasize the contribution of aqueous humor fine needle aspiration cytology in cases where there is a clinical diagnostic dilemma whether an infectious or a noninfectious inflammatory process of the Uvea is present. Methods:Collection of 0.15–0.2 ml aqueous humor was carried out with an insulin needle. The aspirated aqueous was then prepared for examination using either the Cytospin or the Thin-Prep technique and smears were stained with modified Papanikolaou and May-Grunwald-Giemsa stains. Results:Cytology of the aqueous humor essentially facilitated the differential diagnosis in 16 cases with an anterior Uveal inflammation clinical picture. The cases included phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis (n = 6), chronic postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis (n = 3), phacolytic glaucoma (n = 2...
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the contribution of aqueous humor cytology in the differential diagnosis of anterior Uvea inflammations
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2004Co-Authors: Christos Kalogeropoulos, Vassiliki Malamoumitsi, Ioannis Asproudis, K PsilasAbstract:BACKGROUND: Cytology of the aqueous humor can confirm the diagnosis of many intraocular conditions by revealing inflammatory cells, ghost red cells, lens material, and microorganisms. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to emphasize the contribution of aqueous humor fine needle aspiration cytology in cases where there is a clinical diagnostic dilemma whether an infectious or a noninfectious inflammatory process of the Uvea is present. METHODS: Collection of 0.15-0.2 ml aqueous humor was carried out with an insulin needle. The aspirated aqueous was then prepared for examination using either the Cytospin or the Thin-Prep technique and smears were stained with modified Papanikolaou and May-Grunwald-Giemsa stains. RESULTS: Cytology of the aqueous humor essentially facilitated the differential diagnosis in 16 cases with an anterior Uveal inflammation clinical picture. The cases included phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis (n = 6), chronic postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis (n = 3), phacolytic glaucoma (n = 2), ghost cell glaucoma (n = 2), metastatic endophthalmitis (n = 1), post-traumatic lenticular abscess (n = 1), and iridocyclitis (n = 1). Treatment of the cases was successful. CONCLUSIONS: In selected cases, cytology of the aqueous humor reveals specific, with regard to the clinical entity, cell populations and other elements and thus contributes effectively to the differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach to some anterior Uvea inflammations.
Hind M Alkatan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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congenital ectropion Uvea and mechanisms of glaucoma in neurofibromatosis type 1 new insights
Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Deepak P Edward, Jose Manuel Morales, Rachida Bouhenni, Jayaprakash Patil, Priya R Edward, Thomas J Cummings, Imtiaz A Chaudhry, Hind M AlkatanAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinicopathologic features of congenital ectropion Uvea associated with glaucoma in neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS: Five cases of NF-1 associated with glaucoma, from which enucleated eyes were available, and 2 eye bank eyes used as controls. METHODS: The clinical features and courses of these patients were reviewed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry using antineurofibromin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and antivimentin was performed in 3 patients. Gene expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was examined in corneal endothelial cells in 1 patient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cause of glaucoma in patients with ectropion Uvea and NF-1. RESULTS: The age of patients at the time of glaucoma diagnosis ranged from birth to 13 years. Four of the 5 patients had megalocornea and buphthalmos at presentation. Ectropion Uvea was noted clinically in 2 patients, but was demonstrated histopathologically in all 5 patients. On histopathologic examination, all patients had varying degrees of angle closure secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. Uveal neurofibromas were noted in all patients; anteriorly displaced ciliary processes were noted in 4 of 5 patients who demonstrated ciliary body involvement with neurofibromas. Absence of Schlemm's canal was observed. The endothelial cells lining the closed angle demonstrated positive stain results with the vimentin antibody. Positive antineurofibromin immunolabeling was detected in normal control corneal endothelium, but was absent in corneal endothelium in patients with endothelialization of the angle. Upregulation of genes from the MAPK signaling pathway was demonstrated in the corneal endothelial cells isolated from the NF-1 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Ectropion Uvea in NF-1 glaucoma is secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle and is associated commonly with severe pediatric glaucoma in NF-1 patients. The endothelial cell proliferation may be related to overexpression of the Ras (Rat sarcoma)-MAPK genes in these eyes.
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Congenital Ectropion Uvea and Mechanisms of Glaucoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1:: New Insights
Ophthalmology, 2012Co-Authors: Deepak P Edward, Jose Manuel Morales, Rachida Bouhenni, Jayaprakash Patil, Priya R Edward, Thomas J Cummings, Imtiaz A Chaudhry, Hind M AlkatanAbstract:Objective To describe the clinicopathologic features of congenital ectropion Uvea associated with glaucoma in neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). Design Retrospective case series. Participants and Controls Five cases of NF-1 associated with glaucoma, from which enucleated eyes were available, and 2 eye bank eyes used as controls. Methods The clinical features and courses of these patients were reviewed. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded eyes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry using antineurofibromin, anti–glial fibrillary acidic protein, and antivimentin was performed in 3 patients. Gene expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was examined in corneal endothelial cells in 1 patient. Main Outcome Measures Cause of glaucoma in patients with ectropion Uvea and NF-1. Results The age of patients at the time of glaucoma diagnosis ranged from birth to 13 years. Four of the 5 patients had megalocornea and buphthalmos at presentation. Ectropion Uvea was noted clinically in 2 patients, but was demonstrated histopathologically in all 5 patients. On histopathologic examination, all patients had varying degrees of angle closure secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle. Uveal neurofibromas were noted in all patients; anteriorly displaced ciliary processes were noted in 4 of 5 patients who demonstrated ciliary body involvement with neurofibromas. Absence of Schlemm's canal was observed. The endothelial cells lining the closed angle demonstrated positive stain results with the vimentin antibody. Positive antineurofibromin immunolabeling was detected in normal control corneal endothelium, but was absent in corneal endothelium in patients with endothelialization of the angle. Upregulation of genes from the MAPK signaling pathway was demonstrated in the corneal endothelial cells isolated from the NF-1 eyes. Conclusions Ectropion Uvea in NF-1 glaucoma is secondary to endothelialization of the anterior chamber angle and is associated commonly with severe pediatric glaucoma in NF-1 patients. The endothelial cell proliferation may be related to overexpression of the Ras (Rat sarcoma)-MAPK genes in these eyes. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Glenn C Cockerham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extranodal marginal zone b cell lymphomas of the Uvea an analysis of 13 cases
The Journal of Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Sarah E Coupland, Hansdieter Foss, Ahmed A Hidayat, Glenn C Cockerham, Michael Hummel, Harald SteinAbstract:The majority of primary lymphoproliferative lesions of the Uvea represent low-grade B cell lymphomas and often display a prominent plasmacellular differentiation. The purpose of the current study was to classify the Uveal lymphoproliferations according to the REAL classification; examine the immune profile of the plasmacellular differentiated tumour cells using the plasma cell-related antigens multiple myeloma oncogene-1-protein (MUM1), Vs38c, CD38 and CD138; and to compare this profile with that of mature reactive plasma cells. Following fixation, 13 lymphoproliferative lesions of the Uvea were categorized on the basis of their morphology and immunophenotype according to the REAL classification. Included in the immunohistochemistry were B cell-specific activator protein (BSAP), MUM1, Vs38c, CD38 and CD138. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed on DNA extracted from paraffin sections for the detection of gene rearrangements of the heavy immunoglobulin chain (IgH). All of the 13 Uveal tract lymphoproliferative lesions represented malignant lymphoma of B cell non-Hodgkin type and could be diagnosed as ‘extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphomas’ (EMZL). The degree of plasmacellular differentiation varied between the tumours. In contrast to their nonplasmacytoid counterparts, the ‘plasmacytoid’ EMZL tumour cells were negative for the B cell markers CD20 and BSAP, and demonstrated heterogeneous positivity for the markers MUM1, Vs38c, CD38 and CD138. The most consistent marker was MUM1, being observed in all tumours. Co-expression of all plasma cell markers was observed in four (31%) Uveal EMZL. Loss of CD138 expression was observed in six (46%) tumours, of Vs38c expression in five (38%) and of CD38 in one (7%) tumour. Although the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was unequivocally based on morphological and immunophenotypical features, the molecular analysis was able to demonstrate clonal B cell populations in only one Uveal EMZL. All Uveal lymphoid proliferations investigated represented EMZL, with the corresponding morphology and immunophenotype as seen in EMZL in other extranodal locations. MUM1, followed by CD38 expression, were the most constant plasma cell antigens in the plasmacytoid EMZL tumour cells, with both Vs38c and CD138 positivity being lost in many tumours. Aberrant immune profiles of plasma cell-related antigens may be of help in the establishment of malignancy in Uveal lymphoproliferative lesions, particularly where interpretation of light chain expression and/or PCR results is difficult. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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re evaluation of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the Uvea an immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of 10 cases
Ophthalmology, 2000Co-Authors: Glenn C Cockerham, Ahmed A Hidayat, Karen E Bijwaard, Zongmei ShengAbstract:Abstract Objective Cases of Uveal lymphoid proliferation previously classified as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) were studied to correlate pathologic features with clinical outcome. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Ten cases of RLH of the Uvea on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology with sufficient formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue for analysis. Methods Clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) characteristics of Uveal lymphoid proliferations were studied. Main outcome measures Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and PCR characteristics of study cases. Results Patient age ranged from 40 to 73 years at time of enucleation, with a mean age of 55 years. Retinal detachment was noted clinically in nine patients and glaucoma in eight. All patients were treated with enucleation, and three received radiotherapy. Histologically, two cases were interpreted as RLH and eight were well-differentiated small-cell lymphoma (WDSCL). Systemic lymphoid infiltrate developed in two patients, but there were no deaths with a mean follow-up of 9.9 years. Mature lymphocytes were noted in the iris and angle structures; the atypical cells of Uveal lymphoma were found in the choroid and ciliary body. Eight cases were monoclonal by B-cell and T-cell markers and/or immunoglobulin light chain restriction. Amplifiable DNA was present in 6 of 10 cases by PCR. Three cases monoclonal by cell markers were also monoclonal by PCR, but two cases monoclonal by cell markers could not be confirmed by PCR. Lymphoid follicles with germinal centers were found in two cases of RLH and five cases of WDSCL. Nine specimens demonstrated extraocular lymphoid involvement of the episclera and orbit; most appeared more benign morphologically than the choroidal infiltrates. Extraocular infiltrates of WDSCL were monoclonal by immunohistochemistry in five cases, polyclonal in one case, and indeterminate in two cases. Conclusions Most cases (8 of 10) previously described as RLH were low-grade B-cell lymphomas histologically and by immunohistochemistry. PCR results agreed with histologic diagnosis in four of six cases. Open-angle glaucoma was common and related mostly to lymphocytic infiltration of the angle structures. Extraocular involvement is common but may not be representative of the choroidal lesion. Prognosis is excellent in low-grade Uveal lymphoid neoplasia.
