The Experts below are selected from a list of 4716 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marianne F Kramer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a rapid detection method for Vaccinia virus the surrogate for smallpox virus
2004Co-Authors: Kim A Donaldson, Marianne F KramerAbstract:Abstract Prior to the World Health Organization’s announcement of total eradication in 1977 [J. Am. Med. Assoc. 281 (1999) 1735], smallpox was a worldwide pathogen. Vaccinations were ceased in 1980 and now with a largely unprotected world population, smallpox is considered the ideal biowarfare agent [Antiviral Res. 57 (2002) 1]. Infection normally occurs after implantation of the virus on the oropharyngeal or respiratory mucosa [J. Am. Med. Assoc. 281 (1999) 2127]. Smallpox virus can be detected from the throats of exposed individuals prior to onset of illness and prior to the infectious stage of the illness. A rapid, sensitive real-time assay to detect Variola virus (smallpox) has been developed using the Vaccinia virus, a surrogate of smallpox, as a target. Cyanine 5 dye-labeled anti-Vaccinia antibody was used in a sandwich immunoassay to produce a fluorescent signal in the presence of the Vaccinia virus. The signal was detected using the Analyte 2000 biosensor (Research International, Monroe, WA). The Analyte 2000 uses a 635 nm laser diode to provide excitation light that is launched into a polystyrene optical waveguide. Fluorescent molecules within the evanescent wave are excited and a portion of their emission energy recouples into the waveguide. A photodiode quantifies the emission light at wavelengths between 670 and 710 nm. The biosensor was able to detect a minimum of 2.5×10 5 pfu/ml of Vaccinia virus in seeded throat culture swab specimens.
Kim A Donaldson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a rapid detection method for Vaccinia virus the surrogate for smallpox virus
2004Co-Authors: Kim A Donaldson, Marianne F KramerAbstract:Abstract Prior to the World Health Organization’s announcement of total eradication in 1977 [J. Am. Med. Assoc. 281 (1999) 1735], smallpox was a worldwide pathogen. Vaccinations were ceased in 1980 and now with a largely unprotected world population, smallpox is considered the ideal biowarfare agent [Antiviral Res. 57 (2002) 1]. Infection normally occurs after implantation of the virus on the oropharyngeal or respiratory mucosa [J. Am. Med. Assoc. 281 (1999) 2127]. Smallpox virus can be detected from the throats of exposed individuals prior to onset of illness and prior to the infectious stage of the illness. A rapid, sensitive real-time assay to detect Variola virus (smallpox) has been developed using the Vaccinia virus, a surrogate of smallpox, as a target. Cyanine 5 dye-labeled anti-Vaccinia antibody was used in a sandwich immunoassay to produce a fluorescent signal in the presence of the Vaccinia virus. The signal was detected using the Analyte 2000 biosensor (Research International, Monroe, WA). The Analyte 2000 uses a 635 nm laser diode to provide excitation light that is launched into a polystyrene optical waveguide. Fluorescent molecules within the evanescent wave are excited and a portion of their emission energy recouples into the waveguide. A photodiode quantifies the emission light at wavelengths between 670 and 710 nm. The biosensor was able to detect a minimum of 2.5×10 5 pfu/ml of Vaccinia virus in seeded throat culture swab specimens.
Viseth Ngauy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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humoral immunity to primary smallpox vaccination impact of childhood versus adult immunization on Vaccinia vector vaccine development in military populations
2017Co-Authors: Bonnie M Slike, Matthew Creegan, Mary Marovich, Viseth NgauyAbstract:Modified Vaccinia virus has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic vector platform for delivery of HIV vaccines. Use of this vector is of particular importance to the military, with the implementation of a large scale smallpox vaccination campaign in 2002 in active duty and key civilian personnel in response to potential bioterrorist activities. Humoral immunity to smallpox vaccination was previously shown to be long lasting (up to 75 years) and protective. However, using Vaccinia-vectored vaccine delivery for other diseases on a background of anti-vector antibodies (i.e. pre-existing immunity) may limit their use as a vaccine platform, especially in the military. In this pilot study, we examined the durability of Vaccinia antibody responses in adult primary vaccinees in a healthy military population using a standard ELISA assay and a novel dendritic cell neutralization assay. We found binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to Vaccinia waned after 5–10 years in a group of 475 active duty military, born after 1972, who were vaccinated as adults with Dryvax®. These responses decreased from a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 250 to baseline ( 30 years with a GMT of 210 (range 112–3234). This data suggests limited durability of antibody responses in adult vaccinees compared to those vaccinated in childhood and further that adult Vaccinia recipients may benefit similarly from receipt of a Vaccinia based vaccine as those who are Vaccinia naive. Our findings may have implications for the smallpox vaccination schedule and support the ongoing development of this promising viral vector in a military vaccination program.
Parker A Small - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recombinant Vaccinia immunization in the presence of passively administered antibody
1993Co-Authors: Michael P Johnson, Catherine A Meitin, Bradley S Bender, Parker A SmallAbstract:Mice were injected with immune serum to Vaccinia and/or influenza virus and then immunized by scarification with a recombinant Vaccinia virus expressing the influenza haemagglutinin H1. The serum IgG antibody response to the foreign gene product, influenza H1, was suppressed by the passively administered anti-influenza antibody in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-Vaccinia antibody alone had no effect on the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response to the recombinant Vaccinia and did not suppress an anti-Vaccinia antibody response. Secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing of influenza virus-infected target cells was relatively low in all animals that were immunized with the recombinant Vaccinia, and showed some dose-dependent suppression by the passively administered antibody. The dose dependence of the inhibition suggests that while immunization with recombinant Vaccinia viruses may not be effective at birth, they may be useful at several months of age.
Bonnie M Slike - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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humoral immunity to primary smallpox vaccination impact of childhood versus adult immunization on Vaccinia vector vaccine development in military populations
2017Co-Authors: Bonnie M Slike, Matthew Creegan, Mary Marovich, Viseth NgauyAbstract:Modified Vaccinia virus has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic vector platform for delivery of HIV vaccines. Use of this vector is of particular importance to the military, with the implementation of a large scale smallpox vaccination campaign in 2002 in active duty and key civilian personnel in response to potential bioterrorist activities. Humoral immunity to smallpox vaccination was previously shown to be long lasting (up to 75 years) and protective. However, using Vaccinia-vectored vaccine delivery for other diseases on a background of anti-vector antibodies (i.e. pre-existing immunity) may limit their use as a vaccine platform, especially in the military. In this pilot study, we examined the durability of Vaccinia antibody responses in adult primary vaccinees in a healthy military population using a standard ELISA assay and a novel dendritic cell neutralization assay. We found binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to Vaccinia waned after 5–10 years in a group of 475 active duty military, born after 1972, who were vaccinated as adults with Dryvax®. These responses decreased from a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 250 to baseline ( 30 years with a GMT of 210 (range 112–3234). This data suggests limited durability of antibody responses in adult vaccinees compared to those vaccinated in childhood and further that adult Vaccinia recipients may benefit similarly from receipt of a Vaccinia based vaccine as those who are Vaccinia naive. Our findings may have implications for the smallpox vaccination schedule and support the ongoing development of this promising viral vector in a military vaccination program.
