The Experts below are selected from a list of 1509 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Akira Sawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Valley of Death a proposal to build a translational bridge for the next generation
Neuroscience Research, 2017Co-Authors: Nao J. Gamo, Michelle Rosgaard Birknow, Danielle Sullivan, Mari Kondo, Yasue Horiuchi, Takeshi Sakurai, Barbara S. Slusher, Akira SawaAbstract:There is a great need for novel drug discovery for major mental illnesses, but multiple levels of challenges exist in both academia and industry, spanning from scientific understanding and institutional infrastructure to business risk and feasibility. The "Valley of Death," the large gap between basic scientific research and translation to novel therapeutics, underscores the need to restructure education and academic research to cultivate the fertile interface between academia and industry. In this opinion piece, we propose strategies to educate young trainees in the process of drug discovery and development, and prepare them for careers across this spectrum. In addition, we describe a research framework that considers the disease trajectory and underlying biology of mental disorders, which will help to address the core pathophysiology in novel treatments, and may even allow early detection and intervention. We hope that these changes will increase understanding among academia, industry, and government, which will ultimately improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental disorders.
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Valley of Death: A proposal to build a “translational bridge” for the next generation
Neuroscience research, 2016Co-Authors: Nao J. Gamo, Michelle Rosgaard Birknow, Danielle Sullivan, Mari Kondo, Yasue Horiuchi, Takeshi Sakurai, Barbara S. Slusher, Akira SawaAbstract:There is a great need for novel drug discovery for major mental illnesses, but multiple levels of challenges exist in both academia and industry, spanning from scientific understanding and institutional infrastructure to business risk and feasibility. The "Valley of Death," the large gap between basic scientific research and translation to novel therapeutics, underscores the need to restructure education and academic research to cultivate the fertile interface between academia and industry. In this opinion piece, we propose strategies to educate young trainees in the process of drug discovery and development, and prepare them for careers across this spectrum. In addition, we describe a research framework that considers the disease trajectory and underlying biology of mental disorders, which will help to address the core pathophysiology in novel treatments, and may even allow early detection and intervention. We hope that these changes will increase understanding among academia, industry, and government, which will ultimately improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Martina Kraus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Valley of Death, the Technology Pork Barrel, and Public Support for Large Demonstration Projects
Energy Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Gregory F. Nemet, Vera Zipperer, Martina KrausAbstract:Abstract Moving non-incremental innovations from the pilot scale to full commercial scale raises questions about the need and implementation of public support. Heuristics from the literature put policy makers in a dilemma between addressing a market failure and acknowledging a government failure: incentives for private investments in large scale demonstrations are weak (the Valley of Death) but the track record of governance in large demonstration projects is poor (the technology pork barrel). These arguments are reassessed in the literature, particularly as to how they apply to supporting demonstration projects for decarbonizing industry. A new data set is built of 511 demonstration projects in nine technology areas and characteristics for each project are coded, including timing, motivations, scale, and the share of public funding. The literature and the results from the case studies have five main implications for policy makers in making decisions about demonstration support. Policy makers should consider: prioritizing learning, iteratively upscaling, engaging the private sector, disseminating knowledge widely, and making demand pull robust.
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The Valley of Death, the Technology Pork Barrel, and Public Support for Large Demonstration Projects
2016Co-Authors: Gregory F. Nemet, Martina Kraus, Vera ZippererAbstract:Moving non-incremental innovations from the pilot scale to full commercial scale raises questions about the need and implementation of public support. Heuristics from the literature put policy makers in a dilemma between addressing a market failure and acknowledging a government failure: incentives for private investments in large scale demonstrations are weak (the Valley of Death) but the track record of governance in large demonstration projects is poor (the technology pork barrel). We reassess these arguments in the literature, particularly as to how they apply to sup- porting demonstration projects for decarbonizing industry. Conditions for the Valley of Death exist with: low appropriability, large chunky investments, unproven reliability, and uncertain future markets. We build a data set of 511 demonstration projects in nine technology areas and code characteristics for each project, including timing, motivations, and scale. We argue that the literature and the results from the case studies have five main implications for policy makers in making decisions about demonstration support. Policy makers should consider: 1) prioritizing learning, 2) iterative upscaling, 3) private sector engagement, 4) broad knowledge dissemination, and 5) making demand pull robust.
Daria Mochlyrosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surviving in the Valley of Death opportunities and challenges in translating academic drug discoveries
Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Marcus Parrish, Yuan Jin Tan, Kevin Grimes, Daria MochlyrosenAbstract:With pharmaceutical companies shrinking their research departments and exiting out of efforts related to unprofitable diseases, society has become increasingly dependent on academic institutions to perform drug discovery and early-stage translational research. Academic drug discovery and translational research programs assist in shepherding promising therapeutic opportunities through the so-called Valley of Death in the hope that a successful new drug will result in saved lives, improved health, economic growth, and financial return. We have interviewed directors of 16 such academic programs in the United States and found that these programs and the projects therein face numerous challenges in reaching the clinic, including limited funding, lack of know-how, and lack of a regional drug development ecosystem. If these issues can be addressed through novel industry partnerships, the revision of government policies, and expanded programs in translational education, more effective new therapies are more likely to reach patients in need.
Nao J. Gamo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Valley of Death a proposal to build a translational bridge for the next generation
Neuroscience Research, 2017Co-Authors: Nao J. Gamo, Michelle Rosgaard Birknow, Danielle Sullivan, Mari Kondo, Yasue Horiuchi, Takeshi Sakurai, Barbara S. Slusher, Akira SawaAbstract:There is a great need for novel drug discovery for major mental illnesses, but multiple levels of challenges exist in both academia and industry, spanning from scientific understanding and institutional infrastructure to business risk and feasibility. The "Valley of Death," the large gap between basic scientific research and translation to novel therapeutics, underscores the need to restructure education and academic research to cultivate the fertile interface between academia and industry. In this opinion piece, we propose strategies to educate young trainees in the process of drug discovery and development, and prepare them for careers across this spectrum. In addition, we describe a research framework that considers the disease trajectory and underlying biology of mental disorders, which will help to address the core pathophysiology in novel treatments, and may even allow early detection and intervention. We hope that these changes will increase understanding among academia, industry, and government, which will ultimately improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental disorders.
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Valley of Death: A proposal to build a “translational bridge” for the next generation
Neuroscience research, 2016Co-Authors: Nao J. Gamo, Michelle Rosgaard Birknow, Danielle Sullivan, Mari Kondo, Yasue Horiuchi, Takeshi Sakurai, Barbara S. Slusher, Akira SawaAbstract:There is a great need for novel drug discovery for major mental illnesses, but multiple levels of challenges exist in both academia and industry, spanning from scientific understanding and institutional infrastructure to business risk and feasibility. The "Valley of Death," the large gap between basic scientific research and translation to novel therapeutics, underscores the need to restructure education and academic research to cultivate the fertile interface between academia and industry. In this opinion piece, we propose strategies to educate young trainees in the process of drug discovery and development, and prepare them for careers across this spectrum. In addition, we describe a research framework that considers the disease trajectory and underlying biology of mental disorders, which will help to address the core pathophysiology in novel treatments, and may even allow early detection and intervention. We hope that these changes will increase understanding among academia, industry, and government, which will ultimately improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Eoin O'sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of regulators in mitigating uncertainty within the Valley of Death
Technovation, 2020Co-Authors: Jaime Bonnin Roca, Eoin O'sullivanAbstract:Abstract The essential cause of the ‘Valley of Death’ (VoD) is the reluctance of the private sector to invest in technologies which are perceived as immature. However, uncertainty about whether a new product or technology complies with regulatory frameworks may also have an important effect on private sector investments. We use the cases of the Critical Path Initiative, in the pharmaceutical industry, and the Advanced General Aviation Transportation Experiments, in the general aviation industry, to analyze the role of regulatory agencies in decreasing three different types of regulatory uncertainty along the VoD. We find that regulatory agencies play an important role as a social glue which helps coordinate industry-wide efforts. Based on the comparison between the two cases, we create theory to explain the effect of regulatory uncertainty on the shape of the VoD. Our theoretical framework may help agencies detect the major sources of regulatory uncertainty, and adapt their policies accordingly to facilitate the traverse of emerging technologies across the VoD.
