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Linda K. Mcdougal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus precursor organisms in Southeastern Michigan.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2014Co-Authors: Valerie Albrecht, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. Kallen, Linda K. Mcdougal, Marcus J. Zervos, Keith S. Kaye, Pritish K. Tosh, Samia Arshad, Kayoko Hayakawa, Alice GuhAbstract:We assessed for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) precursor organisms in southeastern Michigan, an area known to have VRSA. The prevalence was 2.5% (pSK41-positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus, 2009–2011) and 1.5% (Inc18-positive Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, 2006–2013); Inc18 prevalence significantly decreased after 2009 (3.7% to 0.82%). Risk factors for pSK41 included intravenous vancomycin exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1531–1534
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Report of the 13th Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolate from the United States
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Brandi Limbago, Paula Eggers, Alexander J. Kallen, Wenming Zhu, Linda K. Mcdougal, Valerie AlbrechtAbstract:ABSTRACT Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA), an important multidrug-resistant organism of public health concern, has been infrequently identified in the United States since 2002. All previous VRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 5, a lineage associated primarily with health care. This report describes the most recent (13th) U.S. VRSA isolate, the first to be community associated.
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Dissemination of an Enterococcus Inc18-Like vanA Plasmid Associated with Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010Co-Authors: Wenming Zhu, John A. Jernigan, Linda K. Mcdougal, Nancye C. Clark, Patrick R. Murray, W. Charles Huskins, Karen Anderson, Jeff Hageman, Melissa Olsen-rasmussenAbstract:Of the 9 Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) cases reported to date in the literature, 7 occurred in Michigan. In 5 of the 7 Michigan VRSA cases, an Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate and/or an associated Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolate from the same patient. This plasmid may play a critical role in the emergence of VRSA. We studied the geographical distribution of the plasmid by testing 1,641 VRE isolates from three separate collections by PCR for plasmid-specific genes traA, repR, and vanA. Isolates from one collection (phase 2) were recovered from surveillance cultures collected in 17 hospitals in 13 states. All VRE isolates from 2 Michigan institutions (n = 386) and between 60 and 70 VRE isolates (n = 883) from the other hospitals were tested. Fifteen VRE isolates (3.9%) from Michigan were positive for an Inc18-like vanA plasmid (9 E. faecalis [12.5%], 3 E. faecium [1.0%], 2 E. avium, and 1 E. raffinosus). Six VRE isolates (0.6%) from outside Michigan were positive (3 E. faecalis [2.7%] and 3 E. faecium [0.4%]). Of all E. faecalis isolates tested, 6.0% were positive for the plasmid, compared to 0.6% for E. faecium and 3.0% for other spp. Fourteen of the 15 plasmid-positive isolates from Michigan had the same Tn1546 insertion site location as the VRSA-associated Inc18-like plasmid, whereas 5 of 6 plasmid-positive isolates from outside Michigan differed in this characteristic. Most plasmid-positive E. faecalis isolates demonstrated diverse patterns by PFGE, with the exception of three pairs with indistinguishable patterns, suggesting that the plasmid is mobile in nature. Although VRE isolates with the VRSA-associated Inc18-like vanA plasmid were more common in Michigan, they remain rare. Periodic surveillance of VRE isolates for the plasmid may be useful in predicting the occurrence of VRSA.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Associated with Inc18-Like vanA Plasmids in Michigan
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007Co-Authors: Wenming Zhu, Linda K. Mcdougal, Nancye C. Clark, Jeffery Hageman, L. Clifford Mcdonald, Jean B PatelAbstract:Five of the seven cases of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) infection identified to date have occurred in southeastern Michigan. VRSA isolates from the four most recent cases (all from Michigan) were characterized. The vanA gene was localized to a single plasmid in each VRSA isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomal DNA and the restriction profile of the plasmid demonstrated that the four isolates were unique and differed from the first three VRSA isolates. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates, all of which were Enterococcus faecalis, were recovered from case patients 4 to 6. Each VRE isolate transferred vancomycin resistance to E. faecalis JH2-2 by conjugation. PCRs for vanA and the Inc18-like plasmid genes traA and repR confirmed the presence of an Inc18-like vanA plasmid in all VRE isolates and transconjugants. An Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate from case patient 7. These findings suggest a role of Inc18-like plasmids as vanA donors.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolate from a Patient in Pennsylvania
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2004Co-Authors: Fred C. Tenover, Peter C Appelbaum, Jasmine Chaitram, Linda M. Weigel, Linda K. Mcdougal, Nancye C. Clark, Sigrid K. Mcallister, George Killgore, C M O'hara, Laura A. JevittAbstract:A Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) isolate was obtained from a patient in Pennsylvania in September 2002. Species identification was confirmed by standard biochemical tests and analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA, gyrA, and gyrB sequences; all of the results were consistent with the S. Aureus identification. The MICs of a variety of antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution and macrodilution methods following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. The isolate was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 32 μg/ml), aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline, but it was susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, rifampin, teicoplanin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The isolate, which was originally detected by using disk diffusion and a vancomycin agar screen plate, was vancomycin susceptible by automated susceptibility testing methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA indicated that the isolate belonged to the USA100 lineage (also known as the New York/Japan clone), the most common staphylococcal PFGE type found in hospitals in the United States. The VRSA isolate contained two plasmids of 120 and 4 kb and was positive for mecA and vanA by PCR amplification. The vanA sequence was identical to the vanA sequence present in Tn1546. A DNA probe for vanA hybridized to the 120-kb plasmid. This is the second VRSA isolate reported in the United States.
Valerie Albrecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - Delaware, 2015
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2015Co-Authors: Maroya Walters, Paula Eggers, Valerie Albrecht, Tatiana Travis, David Lonsway, Gregory L. Hovan, Debra Taylor, Kamile Rasheed, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. KallenAbstract:Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) is a rare, multidrug-resistant bacterium of public health concern that emerged in the United States in 2002. VRSA (S. Aureus with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥16 μg/mL) arises when vancomycin resistance genes (e.g., the vanA operon, which codes for enzymes that result in modification or elimination of the vancomycin binding site) from Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci (VRE) are transferred to S. Aureus (1). To date, all VRSA strains have arisen from methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA). The fourteenth VRSA isolate (VRSA 14) identified in the United States was reported to CDC in February 2015.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus precursor organisms in Southeastern Michigan.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2014Co-Authors: Valerie Albrecht, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. Kallen, Linda K. Mcdougal, Marcus J. Zervos, Keith S. Kaye, Pritish K. Tosh, Samia Arshad, Kayoko Hayakawa, Alice GuhAbstract:We assessed for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) precursor organisms in southeastern Michigan, an area known to have VRSA. The prevalence was 2.5% (pSK41-positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus, 2009–2011) and 1.5% (Inc18-positive Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, 2006–2013); Inc18 prevalence significantly decreased after 2009 (3.7% to 0.82%). Risk factors for pSK41 included intravenous vancomycin exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1531–1534
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Report of the 13th Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolate from the United States
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Brandi Limbago, Paula Eggers, Alexander J. Kallen, Wenming Zhu, Linda K. Mcdougal, Valerie AlbrechtAbstract:ABSTRACT Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA), an important multidrug-resistant organism of public health concern, has been infrequently identified in the United States since 2002. All previous VRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 5, a lineage associated primarily with health care. This report describes the most recent (13th) U.S. VRSA isolate, the first to be community associated.
Jean B Patel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Michigan, USA, 2007.
Emerging infectious diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Jennie Finks, James T Rudrik, Melinda J Wilkins, Jeffrey C Hageman, Eden V. Wells, Teri Lee Dyke, Nasir Husain, Linda Plizga, Renuka Heddurshetti, Jean B PatelAbstract:Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) infections, which are always methicillin-resistant, are a rare but serious public health concern. We examined 2 cases in Michigan in 2007. Both patients had underlying illnesses. Isolates were vanA-positive. VRSA was neither transmitted to or from another known VRSA patient nor transmitted from patients to identified contacts.
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vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the united states 2002 2006
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Dawn M Sievert, James T Rudrik, Jean B Patel, Clifford L Mcdonald, Melinda J Wilkins, Jeffrey C HagemanAbstract:BACKGROUND This report compares the clinical characteristics, epidemiologic investigations, infection-control evaluations, and microbiologic findings of all 7 of the cases of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) infection in the United States during the period 2002-2006. METHODS Epidemiologic, clinical, and infection-control information was collected. VRSA isolates underwent confirmatory identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and typing of the resistance genes. To assess VRSA transmission, case patients and their contacts were screened for VRSA carriage. RESULTS Seven cases were identified from 2002 through 2006; 5 were reported from Michigan, 1 was reported from Pennsylvania, and 1 was reported from New York. All VRSA isolates were vanA positive and had a median vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 microg/mL. All case patients had a history of prior methicillin-resistant S. Aureus and enterococcal infection or colonization; all had several underlying conditions, including chronic skin ulcers; and most had received vancomycin therapy prior to their VRSA infection. Person-to-person transmission of VRSA was not identified beyond any of the case patients. Infection-control precautions were evaluated and were consistent with established guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Seven patients with vanA-positive VRSA have been identified in the United States. Prompt detection by microbiology laboratories and adherence to recommended infection control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms appear to have prevented transmission to other patients.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the United States, 2002–2006
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2008Co-Authors: Dawn M Sievert, James T Rudrik, Jean B Patel, Melinda J Wilkins, L. Clifford Mcdonald, Jeffrey C HagemanAbstract:BACKGROUND This report compares the clinical characteristics, epidemiologic investigations, infection-control evaluations, and microbiologic findings of all 7 of the cases of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) infection in the United States during the period 2002-2006. METHODS Epidemiologic, clinical, and infection-control information was collected. VRSA isolates underwent confirmatory identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and typing of the resistance genes. To assess VRSA transmission, case patients and their contacts were screened for VRSA carriage. RESULTS Seven cases were identified from 2002 through 2006; 5 were reported from Michigan, 1 was reported from Pennsylvania, and 1 was reported from New York. All VRSA isolates were vanA positive and had a median vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 microg/mL. All case patients had a history of prior methicillin-resistant S. Aureus and enterococcal infection or colonization; all had several underlying conditions, including chronic skin ulcers; and most had received vancomycin therapy prior to their VRSA infection. Person-to-person transmission of VRSA was not identified beyond any of the case patients. Infection-control precautions were evaluated and were consistent with established guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Seven patients with vanA-positive VRSA have been identified in the United States. Prompt detection by microbiology laboratories and adherence to recommended infection control measures for multidrug-resistant organisms appear to have prevented transmission to other patients.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Associated with Inc18-Like vanA Plasmids in Michigan
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007Co-Authors: Wenming Zhu, Linda K. Mcdougal, Nancye C. Clark, Jeffery Hageman, L. Clifford Mcdonald, Jean B PatelAbstract:Five of the seven cases of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) infection identified to date have occurred in southeastern Michigan. VRSA isolates from the four most recent cases (all from Michigan) were characterized. The vanA gene was localized to a single plasmid in each VRSA isolate. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of chromosomal DNA and the restriction profile of the plasmid demonstrated that the four isolates were unique and differed from the first three VRSA isolates. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates, all of which were Enterococcus faecalis, were recovered from case patients 4 to 6. Each VRE isolate transferred vancomycin resistance to E. faecalis JH2-2 by conjugation. PCRs for vanA and the Inc18-like plasmid genes traA and repR confirmed the presence of an Inc18-like vanA plasmid in all VRE isolates and transconjugants. An Inc18-like vanA plasmid was identified in the VRSA isolate from case patient 7. These findings suggest a role of Inc18-like plasmids as vanA donors.
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Comparison of Tn1546-Like Elements in Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Michigan and Pennsylvania
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2005Co-Authors: Nancye C. Clark, Linda M. Weigel, Jean B Patel, Fred C. TenoverAbstract:In 2002, the first two clinical isolates of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) containing vanA were recovered in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Tn1546, a mobile genetic element that encodes high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococci, was present in both isolates. With PCR and DNA sequence analysis, we compared the Tn1546 elements from each isolate to the prototype Tn1546 element. The Michigan VRSA element was identical to the prototype Tn1546 element. The Pennsylvania VRSA element showed three distinct modifications: a deletion of nucleotides 1 to 3098 at the 5′ end, which eliminated the orf1 region; an 809-bp IS1216V-like element inserted before nucleotide 3099 of Tn1546; and an inverted 1,499-bp IS1251-like element inserted into the vanSH intergenic region. These differences in the Tn1546-like elements indicate that the first two VRSA isolates were the result of independent genetic events.
Pritish K. Tosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus precursor organisms in Southeastern Michigan.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2014Co-Authors: Valerie Albrecht, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. Kallen, Linda K. Mcdougal, Marcus J. Zervos, Keith S. Kaye, Pritish K. Tosh, Samia Arshad, Kayoko Hayakawa, Alice GuhAbstract:We assessed for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) precursor organisms in southeastern Michigan, an area known to have VRSA. The prevalence was 2.5% (pSK41-positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus, 2009–2011) and 1.5% (Inc18-positive Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, 2006–2013); Inc18 prevalence significantly decreased after 2009 (3.7% to 0.82%). Risk factors for pSK41 included intravenous vancomycin exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1531–1534
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Prevalence and risk factors associated with Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus precursor organism colonization among patients with chronic lower-extremity wounds in Southeastern Michigan.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2013Co-Authors: Pritish K. Tosh, Jennie Finks, Keith S. Kaye, Kayoko Hayakawa, Simon Agolory, Bethany L. Strong, Kerrie Verlee, Teena Chopra, Nicholas Gilpin, Christopher F. CarpenterAbstract:Background. Of the 13 US Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) cases, 8 were identified in southeastern Michigan, primarily in patients with chronic lower-extremity wounds. VRSA infections develop when the vanA gene from Vancomycin-Resistant enterococcus (VRE) transfers to S. Aureus. Inc18-like plasmids in VRE and pSK41-like plasmids in S. Aureus appear to be important precursors to this transfer.Objective. Identify the prevalence of VRSA precursor organisms.Design. Prospective cohort with embedded case-control study.Participants. Southeastern Michigan adults with chronic lower-extremity wounds.Methods. Adults presenting to 3 southeastern Michigan medical centers during the period February 15 through March 4, 2011, with chronic lower-extremity wounds had wound, nares, and perirectal swab specimens cultured for S. Aureus and VRE, which were tested for pSK41-like and Inc18-like plasmids by polymerase chain reaction. We interviewed participants and reviewed clinical records. Risk factors for pSK4...
Brandi Limbago - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - Delaware, 2015
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2015Co-Authors: Maroya Walters, Paula Eggers, Valerie Albrecht, Tatiana Travis, David Lonsway, Gregory L. Hovan, Debra Taylor, Kamile Rasheed, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. KallenAbstract:Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) is a rare, multidrug-resistant bacterium of public health concern that emerged in the United States in 2002. VRSA (S. Aureus with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥16 μg/mL) arises when vancomycin resistance genes (e.g., the vanA operon, which codes for enzymes that result in modification or elimination of the vancomycin binding site) from Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci (VRE) are transferred to S. Aureus (1). To date, all VRSA strains have arisen from methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (MRSA). The fourteenth VRSA isolate (VRSA 14) identified in the United States was reported to CDC in February 2015.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus precursor organisms in Southeastern Michigan.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2014Co-Authors: Valerie Albrecht, Brandi Limbago, Alexander J. Kallen, Linda K. Mcdougal, Marcus J. Zervos, Keith S. Kaye, Pritish K. Tosh, Samia Arshad, Kayoko Hayakawa, Alice GuhAbstract:We assessed for Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA) precursor organisms in southeastern Michigan, an area known to have VRSA. The prevalence was 2.5% (pSK41-positive methicillin-resistant S. Aureus, 2009–2011) and 1.5% (Inc18-positive Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, 2006–2013); Inc18 prevalence significantly decreased after 2009 (3.7% to 0.82%). Risk factors for pSK41 included intravenous vancomycin exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(12):1531–1534
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Report of the 13th Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolate from the United States
Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Brandi Limbago, Paula Eggers, Alexander J. Kallen, Wenming Zhu, Linda K. Mcdougal, Valerie AlbrechtAbstract:ABSTRACT Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA), an important multidrug-resistant organism of public health concern, has been infrequently identified in the United States since 2002. All previous VRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 5, a lineage associated primarily with health care. This report describes the most recent (13th) U.S. VRSA isolate, the first to be community associated.
