Vehicle Suspensions

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Nong Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an interval uncertain optimization method for Vehicle Suspensions using chebyshev metamodels
    Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jinglai Wu, Yunqing Zhang, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a new design optimization framework for suspension systems considering the kinematic characteristics, such as the camber angle, caster angle, kingpin inclination angle, and toe angle in the presence of uncertainties. The coordinates of rear inner hardpoints of upper control arm and lower control arm of double wishbone suspension are considered as the design variables, as well as the uncertain parameters. In this way, the actual values of the design variables will vary surrounding their nominal values. The variations result in uncertainties that are described as interval variables with lower and upper bounds. The kinematic model of the suspension is developed in software ADAMS. A high-order response surface model using the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials as sampling points is established, termed as Chebyshev metamodel, to approximate the kinematic model. The Chebyshev meta-model is expected to provide higher approximation accuracy. Interval uncertain optimization problems usually involve a nested computationally expensive double-loop optimization process, in which the inner loop optimization is to calculate the bounds of the interval design functions, while the outer loop is to search the optimum for the deterministic optimization problem. To reduce the computational cost, the interval arithmetic is introduced in the inner loop to improve computational efficiency without compromising numerical accuracy. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed design method.

  • An interval uncertain optimization method for Vehicle Suspensions using Chebyshev metamodels
    Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jinglai Wu, Yunqing Zhang, Zhen Luo, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a new design optimization framework for suspension systems considering the kinematic characteristics, such as the camber angle, caster angle, kingpin inclination angle, and toe angle in the presence of uncertainties. The coordinates of rear inner hardpoints of upper control arm and lower control arm of double wishbone suspension are considered as the design variables, as well as the uncertain parameters. In this way, the actual values of the design variables will vary surrounding their nominal values. The variations result in uncertainties that are described as interval variables with lower and upper bounds. The kinematic model of the suspension is developed in software ADAMS. A high-order response surface model using the zeros of Chebyshev polynomials as sampling points is established, termed as Chebyshev metamodel, to approximate the kinematic model. The Chebyshev meta-model is expected to provide higher approximation accuracy. Interval uncertain optimization problems usually involve a nested computationally expensive double-loop optimization process, in which the inner loop optimization is to calculate the bounds of the interval design functions, while the outer loop is to search the optimum for the deterministic optimization problem. To reduce the computational cost, the interval arithmetic is introduced in the inner loop to improve computational efficiency without compromising numerical accuracy. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed design method. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.

  • direct voltage control of magnetorheological damper for Vehicle Suspensions
    Smart Materials and Structures, 2013
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Kie Chung Cheung, Weihua Li, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    The paper presents a study on the direct voltage control of a magnetorheological (MR) damper for application in Vehicle Suspensions. As MR damper dynamics is highly nonlinear, the direct control system design for an MR damper is difficult. Representing an MR damper by a Takagi?Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model enables the linear control theory to be directly applied to design the MR damper controller. In this paper, first the MR damper dynamics is represented by a TS fuzzy model, and then an H? controller that considers the suspension performance requirements and the constraint on the input voltage for the MR damper is designed. Furthermore, considering the case that not all the state variables are measurable in practice, the design of an H? observer with immeasurable premise variables and the design of a robust controller are proposed, respectively. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

  • parameter dependent input delayed control of uncertain Vehicle Suspensions
    Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a parameter-dependent controller design approach for Vehicle active Suspensions to deal with changes in Vehicle inertial properties and existence of actuator time delays. By defining a parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional, matrix inequality conditions with reduced conservatism are obtained for the design of controllers. Feasible solutions can be obtained by solving a finite number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) embedded within a genetic algorithm (GA). Both state feedback and static output feedback controllers can be designed under a unified framework. Based on the measurement or estimation of the Vehicle inertial parameters, a parameter-dependent controller could be implemented in practice. The presented approach is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car suspension model. Numerical simulations on both bump and random road responses show that the designed parameter-dependent controllers can achieve good active suspension performance regardless of the variation on the sprung mass and the presence of actuator time delay.

  • designing h gh 2 static output feedback controller for Vehicle Suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms
    Vehicle System Dynamics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper presents an approach to design the H ∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for Vehicle Suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced Vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H ∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H 2 (GH 2) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH 2 norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this pap...

Haiping Du - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • direct voltage control of magnetorheological damper for Vehicle Suspensions
    Smart Materials and Structures, 2013
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Kie Chung Cheung, Weihua Li, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    The paper presents a study on the direct voltage control of a magnetorheological (MR) damper for application in Vehicle Suspensions. As MR damper dynamics is highly nonlinear, the direct control system design for an MR damper is difficult. Representing an MR damper by a Takagi?Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model enables the linear control theory to be directly applied to design the MR damper controller. In this paper, first the MR damper dynamics is represented by a TS fuzzy model, and then an H? controller that considers the suspension performance requirements and the constraint on the input voltage for the MR damper is designed. Furthermore, considering the case that not all the state variables are measurable in practice, the design of an H? observer with immeasurable premise variables and the design of a robust controller are proposed, respectively. Numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

  • parameter dependent input delayed control of uncertain Vehicle Suspensions
    Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a parameter-dependent controller design approach for Vehicle active Suspensions to deal with changes in Vehicle inertial properties and existence of actuator time delays. By defining a parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional, matrix inequality conditions with reduced conservatism are obtained for the design of controllers. Feasible solutions can be obtained by solving a finite number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) embedded within a genetic algorithm (GA). Both state feedback and static output feedback controllers can be designed under a unified framework. Based on the measurement or estimation of the Vehicle inertial parameters, a parameter-dependent controller could be implemented in practice. The presented approach is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car suspension model. Numerical simulations on both bump and random road responses show that the designed parameter-dependent controllers can achieve good active suspension performance regardless of the variation on the sprung mass and the presence of actuator time delay.

  • designing h gh 2 static output feedback controller for Vehicle Suspensions using linear matrix inequalities and genetic algorithms
    Vehicle System Dynamics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper presents an approach to design the H ∞/GH 2 static-output feedback controller for Vehicle Suspensions by using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and genetic algorithms (GAs). Three main performance requirements for an advanced Vehicle suspension are considered in this paper. Among these requirements, the ride-comfort performance is optimized by minimizing the H ∞ norm of the transfer function from the road disturbance to the sprung mass acceleration, while the road-holding performance and the suspension deflection limitation are guaranteed by constraining the generalized H 2 (GH 2) norms of the transfer functions from the road disturbance to the dynamic tyre load and the suspension deflection to be less than their hard limits, respectively. At the same time, the controller saturation problem is considered by constraining its peak response output to be less than a given limit using the GH 2 norm as well. A four-degree-of-freedom half-car model with active suspension system is applied in this pap...

  • h control of active Vehicle Suspensions with actuator time delay
    Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du, Nong Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The paper deals with the H ∞ control problem for active Vehicle suspension systems with actuator time delay. The time delay for the actuator is assumed as uncertain time-invariant but has a known constant bound. By suitably formulating the sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and tyre deflection as the optimization object and considering the actuator time delay, a delay-dependent memoryless state feedback H ∞ controller is designed in terms of the feasibility of certain delay-dependent matrix inequalities. A quarter-car model with active suspension system is considered in this paper and a numerical example is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It is confirmed by the simulations that the designed controller not only can achieve the optimal performance for active Suspensions but also preserves the closed-loop stability in spite of the existence of the actuator time delay within allowable bound.

  • design of non fragile h controller for active Vehicle Suspensions
    Journal of Vibration and Control, 2005
    Co-Authors: Haiping Du
    Abstract:

    In this paper we present an approach to design the non-fragile H controller for active Vehicle Suspensions. A quarter-car model with active suspension system is considered in this paper. By suitably for- mulating the sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and tire deflection as the optimization object and considering a priori norm-bounded controller gain variations, the non-fragile state-feedback H con- troller can be obtained by solving a linear matrix inequality. The designed controller not only can achieve the optimal performance for active Suspensions but also preserves the closed-loop stability in spite of the controller gain variations.

Boris Lohmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Frequency-selective adaptive control of a hybrid suspension system
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes (IFAC-PapersOnline), 2013
    Co-Authors: Nils Pletschen, Sebastian Spirk, Boris Lohmann
    Abstract:

    This paper deals with a frequency-selective reference model that is used within an adaptive control structure for mechatronic Vehicle Suspensions. Based on a hybrid actuator configuration which consists of a slow-active actuator and a semi-active damper, the basic idea of the control approach is to emulate the dynamic behavior of a passive, but time-variant reference suspension being optimally attuned for the current driving state. The new reference incorporates the limited bandwidth of the active device in the design step and is also able to address the divergent damping demand of sprung and unsprung mass of modern Vehicles. An additional potential of the resulting frequency-selective reference model of up to 25% in comfort is revealed in comparison to the original reference without frequency-dependent properties. However, as suggested by a comparative study in terms of simulation results of a quarter-car setting based on real series suspension components this potential depends heavily on the restrictions that are imposed by the available damper characteristics.

  • output feedback h gh 2 preview control of active Vehicle Suspensions a comparison study of lqg preview
    Vehicle System Dynamics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Akbari, Boris Lohmann
    Abstract:

    This study concerns with multi-objective H ∞/GH 2 preview control of active Vehicle Suspensions. This control scheme has two main aspects: first, it allows constrained outputs of the system to vary freely as long as they remain within their given bounds, in order that the best possible performance could be delivered. Secondly, the optimisation as well as constraint fulfilment is done for the worst-case road disturbances to cover all road types. To design a system to perform satisfactorily for a wide range of road irregularities, H ∞-norm is used wherever minimisation is required, and generalised H 2-norm is used to care for the constraints on suspension working space. Moreover, to ensure desired stability margins for the system, pole location constraints are considered in the design. The proposed approach is evaluated on a quarter-car model and compared with the state-of-the-art preview control algorithm in the literature, namely, Linear quadratic Gaussian preview. Simulation results demonstrate the effec...

  • Output feedback H∞/GH 2 preview control of active Vehicle Suspensions: a comparison study of LQG preview
    Vehicle System Dynamics, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Akbari, Boris Lohmann
    Abstract:

    This study concerns with multi-objective H∞/GH2 preview control of active Vehicle Suspensions. This control scheme has two main aspects: first, it allows constrained outputs of the system to vary freely as long as they remain within their given bounds, in order that the best possible performance could be delivered. Secondly, the optimisation as well as constraint fulfilment is done for the worstcase road disturbances to cover all road types. To design a system to perform satisfactorily for a wide range of road irregularities, H∞-norm is used wherever minimisation is required, and generalised H2-norm is used to care for the constraints on suspension working space. Moreover, to ensure desired stability margins for the system, pole location constraints are considered in the design. The proposed approach is evaluated on a quarter-car model and compared with the state-of-the-art preview control algorithm in the literature, namely, Linear quadratic Gaussian preview. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

  • Output feedback constrained H??? control of active Vehicle Suspensions
    Proceedings - 2nd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Control ICACC 2010, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Akbari, Milad Geravand, Boris Lohmann
    Abstract:

    This paper develops an LMI-based solution for output-feedback constrained H∞ control design, and considers it for active Vehicle suspension system. A quarter car model, which captures many features of real structures, is used in this study. To take more general road disturbances than white noise into account in the design procedure, H∞ performance measure is used to judge ride comfort, ride safety and control effort. To care for time domain constraints, pertaining to suspension working space limitations, the concept of reachable sets and state space ellipsoids is utilized. LMI formulation of the problem makes it possible to ensure desired transient response by imposing appropriate pole location constraints. Numerical simulations have been carried out to compare the designed controller with a state feedback constrained one. © 2010 IEEE.

  • Multi-objective preview control of active Vehicle Suspensions: Experimental results
    Proceedings - 2nd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computer Control ICACC 2010, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ahmad Akbari, Sebastian Spirk, Enrico Pellegrini, Guido Koch, Boris Lohmann
    Abstract:

    This study concerns with the application of multi-objective H∞/GH2 preview control to a real quarter Vehicle suspension system. To this goal both linear and nonlinear models of the test rig are derived, and a unified design framework for preview design schemes of LQG-preview and multi-objective preview is introduced. Simulations are carried out to compare both strategies. The study involves the inclusion of actuator dynamics in both analyses and syntheses. It also considers the effect of system nonlinearities in the analyses. Finally, it reports the practical implementation results.

Hamid Reza Karimi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Static output-feedback controller design for Vehicle Suspensions: an effective two-step computational approach
    IET Control Theory & Applications, 2014
    Co-Authors: Josep Rubió-massegú, Francisco Palacios-quiñonero, Josep M Rossell, Hamid Reza Karimi
    Abstract:

    In this study, a novel two-step methodology is applied in designing static output-feedback controllers for a class of Vehicle suspension systems. Following this approach, an effective synthesis of static output-feedback controllers can be carried out by solving two consecutive linear matrix inequality optimisation problems. To illustrate the main features of the proposed design strategy, two different static output-feedback H 8 controllers are designed for a quarter-car suspension system. The first of those controllers uses the suspension deflection and the sprung mass velocity as feedback information, whereas the second one only requires the sprung mass velocity to compute the control actions. Numerical simulations indicate that, despite the restricted feedback information, the proposed static output-feedback H 8 controllers exhibit a good behaviour in terms of both frequency and time responses, when compared with the corresponding state-feedback H 8 controller.

  • static output feedback control for Vehicle Suspensions a single step linear matrix inequality approach
    Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013
    Co-Authors: Josep Rubiomassegu, Josep M Rossell, Francisco Palaciosquinonero, Hamid Reza Karimi
    Abstract:

    In this paper, a new strategy to design static output-feedback controllers for a class of Vehicle suspension systems is presented. A theoretical background on recent advances in output-feedback control is first provided, which makes possible an effective synthesis of static output-feedback controllers by solving a single linear matrix inequality optimization problem. Next, a simplified model of a quarter-car suspension system is proposed, taking the ride comfort, suspension stroke, road holding ability, and control effort as the main performance criteria in the Vehicle suspension design. The new approach is then used to design a static output-feedback controller that only uses the suspension deflection and the sprung mass velocity as feedback information. Numerical simulations indicate that, despite the restricted feedback information, this static output-feedback controller exhibits an excellent behavior in terms of both frequency and time responses, when compared with the corresponding state-feedback controller.

Xingjian Jing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • frequency domain analysis and design of linear feedback of nonlinear systems and applications in Vehicle Suspensions
    IEEE-ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2016
    Co-Authors: Zhenlong Xiao, Xingjian Jing
    Abstract:

    Nonlinear vibration control systems (both passive and active) always involve parameter design and performance optimization tasks. A systematic and novel frequency-domain method is established to this aim in this study based on a newly developed concept—nonlinear characteristic output spectrum (nCOS). The nCOS function can be any system output function or multiobjective performance function to be optimized. It is shown for the first time that the nCOS function can be expressed into an explicit and analytical polynomial function of any model parameters which define underlying linear dynamics of the system. A simple least square algorithm is provided for the determination of this nonlinear parametric relationship. This novel nCOS function can obviously facilitate parameter analysis and design of nonlinear vibration control systems and provide a useful tool for a simple linear control design, while simultaneously considering inherent nonlinear dynamics of a system. A case study in Vehicle suspension control demonstrates these new results.

  • an simo nonlinear system approach to analysis and design of Vehicle Suspensions
    IEEE-ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Zhenlong Xiao, Xingjian Jing
    Abstract:

    Vehicle suspension (or vibration control) systems are usually inherently nonlinear and can be modeled as single input multiple output (SIMO) system. In this paper, parametric convergence bounds for Volterra series expansion of nonlinear systems described by a SIMO nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous inputs model are studied in the frequency domain, which can clearly indicate the parametric range in which a given nonlinear system has a convergent Volterra series expansion, referred to as parametric bound of convergence (PBoC). With the resulting PBoC of characteristic parameters, nonlinear systems with a nonlinear multiobjective performance (MOP) function can then be analyzed in the frequency domain using a nonlinear characteristic output spectrum method based on the Volterra series expansion. To demonstrate the results and method above, a Vehicle suspension system, which is taken as a typical SIMO nonlinear system with a MOP function to optimize, is investigated. The results demonstrate a systematic and novel method for nonlinear analysis and design.