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Mehmet Unal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intraocular pressure and superior ophthalmic Vein Blood Flow velocity in graves orbitopathy relation with the clinical features
Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2009Co-Authors: Onur Konuk, Cem Yucel, Zafer Onaran, Suna Özhan Oktar, Mehmet UnalAbstract:Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of intraocular pressure (IOP) and superior ophthalmic Vein Blood Flow velocity (SOV-BFV) with the clinical features of Graves’ orbitopathy.
Henry L. Galan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early and persistent reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in the growth restricted fetus a longitudinal study
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001Co-Authors: Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Maria Bellotti, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Henry L. GalanAbstract:Abstract Objective: We have previously shown, in a cross-sectional study, that the reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. The purpose of this longitudinal study in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses was to determine whether the umbilical Vein velocity reduction, which, in turn, reduces Blood Flow, persists throughout gestation or represents a late event that precedes indicated delivery. Study Design: Twenty-one intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses with an abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry underwent serial sonographic and Doppler examinations from 23 to 36 weeks of gestation. Umbilical Vein diameter and velocity were measured, and umbilical Vein absolute (milliliters per minute) and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) were calculated. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity, and Blood Flow were expressed per abdominal circumference. Intrauterine growth-restricted findings were compared to local reference data. Results: Intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses showed persistent reductions in umbilical Vein Blood Flow per abdominal circumference and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) from the time of diagnosis of intrauterine growth-restriction. Umbilical Vein velocity was reduced in the intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, although umbilical Vein diameter did not change. Conclusion: Reduction of umbilical Vein Blood Flow is an early finding in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, and it can persist for several weeks until delivery. This reduction in Blood Flow is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 834-8.)
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Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in growth-restricted fetuses.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2000Co-Authors: Elena Ferrazzi, Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Henry L. Galan, M. Bellotti, N. Giovannini, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:Objective To determine whether umbilical Blood Flow is reduced in a subset of growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses when expressed as Flow per kilogram or Flow per unit of specific sonographic fetal measurements. Design Prospective. Subjects Thirty-seven IUGR fetuses were examined by Doppler ultrasound within 4 h of the last non-stress test prior to delivery. This population was divided into three groups of varying clinical severity according to the characteristics of umbilical arterial pulsatility index (PI) and heart rate. Methods Absolute and weight-specific umbilical Vein (UV) Flow were calculated from measurements of UV diameter and UV mean velocity. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity and UV Flow were calculated also per unit head (HC) or abdominal circumference (AC) and correlated with gestational age. Results Umbilical Vein Flow (UVf) per kilogram fetal weight was significantly lower in the more severe IUGR fetuses (abnormal umbilical arterial PI) than in normally grown comparable fetuses (P < 0.001). Umbilical Vein Flow per unit HC was significantly lower in the three groups (P < 0.001) than in the control population. The UV diameter/HC ratio was normal whereas UV velocity/HC ratio was significantly lower in IUGR fetuses than in comparable controls. Conclusions The present study clearly establishes that umbilical venous Blood Flow is reduced in IUGR fetuses on a weight-specific basis. The sonographic growth parameter which best distinguishes umbilical Flow differences of IUGR fetuses from normal fetuses is the head circumference. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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relationship of umbilical Vein Blood Flow to growth parameters in the human fetus
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1999Co-Authors: Antonio Barbera, Serena Rigano, Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Maciej Jozwik, Giorgio PardiAbstract:Abstract Objective: Our purposes were to determine the relationship of the growth of umbilical Blood Flow to growth in body measurements of human fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies. The study also aimed to assess the relative contributions of growth in umbilical Vein diameter and of increased velocity to the increase in umbilical Blood Flow. Study Design: An animal study was conducted to assess the accuracy of umbilical Vein Blood Flow measurements obtained by triplex mode ultrasonography. Seven pregnant ewes underwent triplex mode umbilical Vein Flow determination. These results were compared with historical Flow data obtained by a steady-state diffusion technique in 34 ewes matched for gestational age and weight. In a separate study performed on human beings, reproducibility and precision of triplex mode Flow determination were assessed, as were the relationships between umbilical Vein Flow and gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. This cross-sectional study was performed with 70 healthy fetuses ranging from 20 weeks' gestation to term. Best-fit interpolating equations and confidence limits were calculated for Blood Flow measurements versus gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. Results: In the validation study performed on sheep there were no significant differences between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups with respect to gestational age or weight. The umbilical Vein Flows were similar between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups ( P = .881). In the human study the intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation for the Vein diameter, mean velocity, and absolute umbilical Vein Blood Flow varied from 2.9% to 12.7%. The mean duration of examination was 3 ± 1 minutes. The umbilical Vein diameter and mean velocity increased throughout pregnancy. The absolute umbilical Vein Flow increased exponentially from 97.3 mL/min at midgestation to 529.1 mL/min at 38 weeks' gestation, whereas umbilical Vein Flow per kilogram of fetal weight did not change significantly with gestational age. There was a strong correlation between absolute umbilical Vein Flow and the fetal head and abdominal circumferences. Conclusions: The triplex mode ultrasonographic technique can play an innovative role in obtaining quick and reproducible measurements of umbilical Vein Blood Flow. The approach was validated with a sheep model. Umbilical Vein Blood normalized for fetal weight (milliliters per minute per kilogram of fetal weight) and absolute Flow (in milliliters per minute) are consistent with previous human studies. We have established new reference values of umbilical Vein Blood Flow relative to head and abdominal circumferences. The growth of umbilical venous diameter accounted for most of the growth in umbilical Vein Flow. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:174-9.)
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UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Pediatric Research, 1997Co-Authors: Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Michael Hussey, Misu Chung, John C. Hobbins, Giacomo Meschia, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Frederick C. Battaglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early and persistent reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in the growth restricted fetus a longitudinal study
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001Co-Authors: Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Maria Bellotti, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Henry L. GalanAbstract:Abstract Objective: We have previously shown, in a cross-sectional study, that the reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. The purpose of this longitudinal study in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses was to determine whether the umbilical Vein velocity reduction, which, in turn, reduces Blood Flow, persists throughout gestation or represents a late event that precedes indicated delivery. Study Design: Twenty-one intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses with an abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry underwent serial sonographic and Doppler examinations from 23 to 36 weeks of gestation. Umbilical Vein diameter and velocity were measured, and umbilical Vein absolute (milliliters per minute) and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) were calculated. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity, and Blood Flow were expressed per abdominal circumference. Intrauterine growth-restricted findings were compared to local reference data. Results: Intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses showed persistent reductions in umbilical Vein Blood Flow per abdominal circumference and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) from the time of diagnosis of intrauterine growth-restriction. Umbilical Vein velocity was reduced in the intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, although umbilical Vein diameter did not change. Conclusion: Reduction of umbilical Vein Blood Flow is an early finding in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, and it can persist for several weeks until delivery. This reduction in Blood Flow is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 834-8.)
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Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in growth-restricted fetuses.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2000Co-Authors: Elena Ferrazzi, Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Henry L. Galan, M. Bellotti, N. Giovannini, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:Objective To determine whether umbilical Blood Flow is reduced in a subset of growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses when expressed as Flow per kilogram or Flow per unit of specific sonographic fetal measurements. Design Prospective. Subjects Thirty-seven IUGR fetuses were examined by Doppler ultrasound within 4 h of the last non-stress test prior to delivery. This population was divided into three groups of varying clinical severity according to the characteristics of umbilical arterial pulsatility index (PI) and heart rate. Methods Absolute and weight-specific umbilical Vein (UV) Flow were calculated from measurements of UV diameter and UV mean velocity. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity and UV Flow were calculated also per unit head (HC) or abdominal circumference (AC) and correlated with gestational age. Results Umbilical Vein Flow (UVf) per kilogram fetal weight was significantly lower in the more severe IUGR fetuses (abnormal umbilical arterial PI) than in normally grown comparable fetuses (P < 0.001). Umbilical Vein Flow per unit HC was significantly lower in the three groups (P < 0.001) than in the control population. The UV diameter/HC ratio was normal whereas UV velocity/HC ratio was significantly lower in IUGR fetuses than in comparable controls. Conclusions The present study clearly establishes that umbilical venous Blood Flow is reduced in IUGR fetuses on a weight-specific basis. The sonographic growth parameter which best distinguishes umbilical Flow differences of IUGR fetuses from normal fetuses is the head circumference. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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relationship of umbilical Vein Blood Flow to growth parameters in the human fetus
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1999Co-Authors: Antonio Barbera, Serena Rigano, Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Maciej Jozwik, Giorgio PardiAbstract:Abstract Objective: Our purposes were to determine the relationship of the growth of umbilical Blood Flow to growth in body measurements of human fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies. The study also aimed to assess the relative contributions of growth in umbilical Vein diameter and of increased velocity to the increase in umbilical Blood Flow. Study Design: An animal study was conducted to assess the accuracy of umbilical Vein Blood Flow measurements obtained by triplex mode ultrasonography. Seven pregnant ewes underwent triplex mode umbilical Vein Flow determination. These results were compared with historical Flow data obtained by a steady-state diffusion technique in 34 ewes matched for gestational age and weight. In a separate study performed on human beings, reproducibility and precision of triplex mode Flow determination were assessed, as were the relationships between umbilical Vein Flow and gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. This cross-sectional study was performed with 70 healthy fetuses ranging from 20 weeks' gestation to term. Best-fit interpolating equations and confidence limits were calculated for Blood Flow measurements versus gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. Results: In the validation study performed on sheep there were no significant differences between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups with respect to gestational age or weight. The umbilical Vein Flows were similar between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups ( P = .881). In the human study the intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation for the Vein diameter, mean velocity, and absolute umbilical Vein Blood Flow varied from 2.9% to 12.7%. The mean duration of examination was 3 ± 1 minutes. The umbilical Vein diameter and mean velocity increased throughout pregnancy. The absolute umbilical Vein Flow increased exponentially from 97.3 mL/min at midgestation to 529.1 mL/min at 38 weeks' gestation, whereas umbilical Vein Flow per kilogram of fetal weight did not change significantly with gestational age. There was a strong correlation between absolute umbilical Vein Flow and the fetal head and abdominal circumferences. Conclusions: The triplex mode ultrasonographic technique can play an innovative role in obtaining quick and reproducible measurements of umbilical Vein Blood Flow. The approach was validated with a sheep model. Umbilical Vein Blood normalized for fetal weight (milliliters per minute per kilogram of fetal weight) and absolute Flow (in milliliters per minute) are consistent with previous human studies. We have established new reference values of umbilical Vein Blood Flow relative to head and abdominal circumferences. The growth of umbilical venous diameter accounted for most of the growth in umbilical Vein Flow. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:174-9.)
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UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Pediatric Research, 1997Co-Authors: Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Michael Hussey, Misu Chung, John C. Hobbins, Giacomo Meschia, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Elena Ferrazzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early and persistent reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in the growth restricted fetus a longitudinal study
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001Co-Authors: Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Maria Bellotti, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Henry L. GalanAbstract:Abstract Objective: We have previously shown, in a cross-sectional study, that the reduction in umbilical Vein Blood Flow in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. The purpose of this longitudinal study in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses was to determine whether the umbilical Vein velocity reduction, which, in turn, reduces Blood Flow, persists throughout gestation or represents a late event that precedes indicated delivery. Study Design: Twenty-one intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses with an abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry underwent serial sonographic and Doppler examinations from 23 to 36 weeks of gestation. Umbilical Vein diameter and velocity were measured, and umbilical Vein absolute (milliliters per minute) and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) were calculated. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity, and Blood Flow were expressed per abdominal circumference. Intrauterine growth-restricted findings were compared to local reference data. Results: Intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses showed persistent reductions in umbilical Vein Blood Flow per abdominal circumference and weight-specific Blood Flow (milliliters per minute per kilogram) from the time of diagnosis of intrauterine growth-restriction. Umbilical Vein velocity was reduced in the intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, although umbilical Vein diameter did not change. Conclusion: Reduction of umbilical Vein Blood Flow is an early finding in intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses, and it can persist for several weeks until delivery. This reduction in Blood Flow is due to reduced umbilical Vein velocity. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185: 834-8.)
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Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in growth-restricted fetuses.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2000Co-Authors: Elena Ferrazzi, Serena Rigano, Maddalena Bozzo, Henry L. Galan, M. Bellotti, N. Giovannini, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:Objective To determine whether umbilical Blood Flow is reduced in a subset of growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses when expressed as Flow per kilogram or Flow per unit of specific sonographic fetal measurements. Design Prospective. Subjects Thirty-seven IUGR fetuses were examined by Doppler ultrasound within 4 h of the last non-stress test prior to delivery. This population was divided into three groups of varying clinical severity according to the characteristics of umbilical arterial pulsatility index (PI) and heart rate. Methods Absolute and weight-specific umbilical Vein (UV) Flow were calculated from measurements of UV diameter and UV mean velocity. Umbilical Vein diameter, velocity and UV Flow were calculated also per unit head (HC) or abdominal circumference (AC) and correlated with gestational age. Results Umbilical Vein Flow (UVf) per kilogram fetal weight was significantly lower in the more severe IUGR fetuses (abnormal umbilical arterial PI) than in normally grown comparable fetuses (P < 0.001). Umbilical Vein Flow per unit HC was significantly lower in the three groups (P < 0.001) than in the control population. The UV diameter/HC ratio was normal whereas UV velocity/HC ratio was significantly lower in IUGR fetuses than in comparable controls. Conclusions The present study clearly establishes that umbilical venous Blood Flow is reduced in IUGR fetuses on a weight-specific basis. The sonographic growth parameter which best distinguishes umbilical Flow differences of IUGR fetuses from normal fetuses is the head circumference. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
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relationship of umbilical Vein Blood Flow to growth parameters in the human fetus
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1999Co-Authors: Antonio Barbera, Serena Rigano, Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Frederick C. Battaglia, Maciej Jozwik, Giorgio PardiAbstract:Abstract Objective: Our purposes were to determine the relationship of the growth of umbilical Blood Flow to growth in body measurements of human fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies. The study also aimed to assess the relative contributions of growth in umbilical Vein diameter and of increased velocity to the increase in umbilical Blood Flow. Study Design: An animal study was conducted to assess the accuracy of umbilical Vein Blood Flow measurements obtained by triplex mode ultrasonography. Seven pregnant ewes underwent triplex mode umbilical Vein Flow determination. These results were compared with historical Flow data obtained by a steady-state diffusion technique in 34 ewes matched for gestational age and weight. In a separate study performed on human beings, reproducibility and precision of triplex mode Flow determination were assessed, as were the relationships between umbilical Vein Flow and gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. This cross-sectional study was performed with 70 healthy fetuses ranging from 20 weeks' gestation to term. Best-fit interpolating equations and confidence limits were calculated for Blood Flow measurements versus gestational age and head and abdominal circumferences. Results: In the validation study performed on sheep there were no significant differences between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups with respect to gestational age or weight. The umbilical Vein Flows were similar between triplex mode and steady-state measurement groups ( P = .881). In the human study the intraobserver and interobserver coefficients of variation for the Vein diameter, mean velocity, and absolute umbilical Vein Blood Flow varied from 2.9% to 12.7%. The mean duration of examination was 3 ± 1 minutes. The umbilical Vein diameter and mean velocity increased throughout pregnancy. The absolute umbilical Vein Flow increased exponentially from 97.3 mL/min at midgestation to 529.1 mL/min at 38 weeks' gestation, whereas umbilical Vein Flow per kilogram of fetal weight did not change significantly with gestational age. There was a strong correlation between absolute umbilical Vein Flow and the fetal head and abdominal circumferences. Conclusions: The triplex mode ultrasonographic technique can play an innovative role in obtaining quick and reproducible measurements of umbilical Vein Blood Flow. The approach was validated with a sheep model. Umbilical Vein Blood normalized for fetal weight (milliliters per minute per kilogram of fetal weight) and absolute Flow (in milliliters per minute) are consistent with previous human studies. We have established new reference values of umbilical Vein Blood Flow relative to head and abdominal circumferences. The growth of umbilical venous diameter accounted for most of the growth in umbilical Vein Flow. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:174-9.)
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UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Pediatric Research, 1997Co-Authors: Henry L. Galan, Elena Ferrazzi, Michael Hussey, Misu Chung, John C. Hobbins, Giacomo Meschia, Frederick C. BattagliaAbstract:UMBILICAL Vein Blood Flow IN THE OVINE FETUS: COMPARISON OF DOPPLER AND STEADY STATE TECHNIQUES 246
Edoardo Di Naro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Longitudinal umbilical Vein Blood Flow changes in normal and growth‐retarded fetuses
Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Edoardo Di Naro, Luigi Raio, Fabio Ghezzi, Massimo Piergiuseppe Franchi, Francesco Romano, Vincenzo D' AddarioAbstract:Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 527-533. © Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002 Objective. To explore whether the umbilical Vein Blood Flow of growth-retarded fetuses with normal Doppler parameters changes over time differently to that of normally grown fetuses. Methods. Fifteen consecutive women whose fetus was diagnosed to be growth restricted were compared with 30 women whose fetus was normally grown. Two ultrasonographic evaluations were conducted at 2-weekly intervals (± 2 days) in all cases. At each sonographic evaluation, umbilical Vein Blood Flow parameters were obtained by digital color Doppler velocity profile integration. To allow comparisons among fetuses, the umbilical Vein Blood Flow per minute was normalized for abdominal circumference. Results. The absolute Vein Blood Flow was lower in growth-retarded than in normally grown fetuses (209 ml/min ± 73 vs. 313 ml/min ± 72, p < 0.01). The median (range) umbilical Vein Blood Flow normalized for abdominal circumference was significantly lower in gr...
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longitudinal umbilical Vein Blood Flow changes in normal and growth retarded fetuses
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 2002Co-Authors: Edoardo Di Naro, Luigi Raio, Fabio Ghezzi, Massimo Piergiuseppe Franchi, Francesco Romano, Vincenzo D' AddarioAbstract:Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002; 81: 527-533. © Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002 Objective. To explore whether the umbilical Vein Blood Flow of growth-retarded fetuses with normal Doppler parameters changes over time differently to that of normally grown fetuses. Methods. Fifteen consecutive women whose fetus was diagnosed to be growth restricted were compared with 30 women whose fetus was normally grown. Two ultrasonographic evaluations were conducted at 2-weekly intervals (± 2 days) in all cases. At each sonographic evaluation, umbilical Vein Blood Flow parameters were obtained by digital color Doppler velocity profile integration. To allow comparisons among fetuses, the umbilical Vein Blood Flow per minute was normalized for abdominal circumference. Results. The absolute Vein Blood Flow was lower in growth-retarded than in normally grown fetuses (209 ml/min ± 73 vs. 313 ml/min ± 72, p < 0.01). The median (range) umbilical Vein Blood Flow normalized for abdominal circumference was significantly lower in gr...
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Umbilical Vein Blood Flow in fetuses with normal and lean umbilical cord.
Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2001Co-Authors: Edoardo Di Naro, Luigi Raio, Fabio Ghezzi, Massimo Piergiuseppe Franchi, Vincenzo D' Addario, G Lanzillotti, Henning SchneiderAbstract:Objective To evaluate whether umbilical vascular coiling is correlated with the umbilical Vein Blood Flow profile and to investigate if this is different between fetuses with a lean and those with a normal umbilical cord. Methods Consecutive women with a singleton gestation who delivered at term and who underwent an ultrasound examination within 24 h from delivery were studied. Umbilical cord and vessel areas were calculated. Umbilical Vein Blood Flow parameters were obtained by digital color Doppler velocity profile integration. After delivery, the umbilical coiling index was calculated. Results One hundred and sixteen women were studied. Twelve (10.3%) had a lean umbilical cord (area < 10th centile). A significant correlation was found between the umbilical coiling index and the umbilical Vein Blood Flow (r = 0.67, P < 0.001). A significant difference between fetuses with and without a lean cord was found in terms of: umbilical coiling index (0.18 ± 0.08 vs. 0.29 ± 0.09, P < 0.005), cord area (87.6 ± 5.1 mm 2 vs. 200.6 ± 34.6 mm 2 , P < 0.001), Wharton’s jelly amount (25.7 ± 10.3 mm 2 vs. 122.1 ± 33.4 mm 2 , P < 0.001), umbilical Vein Blood Flow (93.7 ± 17.8 ml/kg per min vs. 126.0 ± 23.4 ml/kg per min, P < 0.001), and umbilical Vein Blood Flow mean velocity (6.6 ± 2.7 cm/s vs. 9.0 ± 3.6 cm/s, P < 0.05). The proportion of fetuses with an umbilical Vein Blood Flow < 80 ml/kg per min was higher when the cord was lean than when it was normal (25% vs. 1.9%, P < 0.01). Conclusions Lean umbilical cords differ from normal cords not only from a structural point of view but also in the umbilical Vein Blood Flow characteristics. This could explain the increased incidence of intrapartum complications and fetal growth restriction among fetuses with a lean and/or hypocoiled cord.
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P105Umbilical Vein Blood Flow changes in normal and growth retarded fetuses
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2000Co-Authors: Edoardo Di Naro, Luigi Raio, Fabio Ghezzi, Massimo Piergiuseppe Franchi, Francesco Romano, L Clericò, G Lanzilotti, D Bolla, D. BalestreriAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to assess whether changes of UV Flow volume over time in late (third trimester) growth retarded fetuses (IUGR) are different than those in normal fetuses. Method Umbilical morphometric characteristics and UV Blood Flow parameters of 15 women whose fetus was diagnosed to be IUGR without umbilical artery Doppler abnormality were compared to those of 30 women whose fetus was healthy. Gestational age and parity were used as matching criteria. Digital color Doppler velocity profile integration was used. For each patient, two scans were performed in a period of 3 weeks. Results The umbilical cord area was significantly smaller in IUGR than in healthy fetuses at each examination (P
