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Sean Carroll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emergence of the Verification Phase procedure for confirming true vo2max
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2009Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Sean CarrollAbstract:Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their use remains widespread. This article discusses an alternative procedure, termed the Verification Phase, for confirming the attainment of true VO2max. Following a continuous incremental exercise test to the limit of tolerance and appropriate recovery period, the Verification Phase is performed and is characterized by a supramaximal square wave exercise bout. Consistent peak VO2 values in the incremental and Verification Phases, confirms that a true VO2max has been attained. Six recent studies investigated the utility of the Verification Phase for evaluating true VO2max. These studies consistently found small insignificant mean differences between the maximal VO2 attained in the incremental and Verification Phases. However, this group mean approach does not identify individual subjects who may not have attained a true VO2max. Notably, only one of the six studies reported a criterion threshold to verify the VO2max of individual subjects. Further research is required to investigate the utility of different Verification Phase procedures and to establish a suitable Verification criterion threshold for confirming true VO2max.
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Emergence of the Verification Phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2009Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Sean CarrollAbstract:Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their use remains widespread. This article discusses an alternative procedure, termed the Verification Phase, for confirming the attainment of true VO2max. Following a continuous incremental exercise test to the limit of tolerance and appropriate recovery period, the Verification Phase is performed and is characterized by a supramaximal square wave exercise bout. Consistent peak VO2 values in the incremental and Verification Phases, confirms that a true VO2max has been attained. Six recent studies investigated the utility of the Verification Phase for evaluating true VO2max. These studies consistently found small insignificant mean differences between the maximal VO2 attained in the incremental and Verification Phases. However, this group mean approach does not identify individual subjects who may not have attained a true VO2max. Notably, only one of the six studies reported a criterion threshold to verify the VO2max of individual subjects. Further research is required to investigate the utility of different Verification Phase procedures and to establish a suitable Verification criterion threshold for confirming true VO2max.
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Verification Phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2006Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Lars R Mcnaughton, Sean CarrollAbstract:This study investigated the utility of a Verification Phase for increasing confidence that a "true" maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (+/-SD), 38.7 (+/- 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a Verification Phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km.h(-1) higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental Phase. Verification criteria were a Verification Phase peak oxygen uptake or= 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental Phase. Further research is required to improve the Verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.
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Verification Phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners
Applied physiology nutrition and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee nutrition et metabolisme, 2006Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Lars R Mcnaughton, Sean CarrollAbstract:This study investigated the utility of a Verification Phase for increasing confidence that a ''true'' maximal oxy- gen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7 (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental tread- mill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a Verification Phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 kmh -1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental Phase. Verification criteria were a Verification Phase peak oxygen uptake £ 2% higher than the incremental Phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beatsmin -1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake Verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate Verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the Verification Phase than during the incremental Phase, suggesting that the Verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mLmin -1 (‡ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental Phase. Fur- ther research is required to improve the Verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.
Joel Picaut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variability in equatorial pacific sea surface topography during the Verification Phase of the topex poseidon mission
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994Co-Authors: Antonio J Busalacchi, Michael J Mcphaden, Joel PicautAbstract:L' Abstract. As part of the Verification Phase of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission, 10-day gridded fields of altimeter data derived from TOPEX geophysical data records are compared with 10-day gridded fields of dynamic height derived from more than 60 moorings of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA-TAO) array in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Access to TAO data in real time permits the first 500 days of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission to be placed in the context of complementary, in situ measurements of surface winds, sea surface temperatures, and upper ocean thermal structure, as well as the time history of these variables prior to launch. Analysis of the space-time structure in the TOPEX and TAO surface topography data indicates sea level variability primarily due to equatorial Kelvin wave activity generated by intense wind bursts west of the date line in association with the 1991-1993 El Nino. Cross correlations between the two data sets are generally >0.7, witha RMS differences 5 cm north of the equator in the central and eastern Pacific.
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Variability in equatorial Pacific sea surface topography during the Verification Phase of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994Co-Authors: Antonio J Busalacchi, Michael J Mcphaden, Joel PicautAbstract:L' Abstract. As part of the Verification Phase of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission, 10-day gridded fields of altimeter data derived from TOPEX geophysical data records are compared with 10-day gridded fields of dynamic height derived from more than 60 moorings of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA-TAO) array in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Access to TAO data in real time permits the first 500 days of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission to be placed in the context of complementary, in situ measurements of surface winds, sea surface temperatures, and upper ocean thermal structure, as well as the time history of these variables prior to launch. Analysis of the space-time structure in the TOPEX and TAO surface topography data indicates sea level variability primarily due to equatorial Kelvin wave activity generated by intense wind bursts west of the date line in association with the 1991-1993 El Nino. Cross correlations between the two data sets are generally >0.7, witha RMS differences 5 cm north of the equator in the central and eastern Pacific.
Adrian W. Midgley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emergence of the Verification Phase procedure for confirming true vo2max
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2009Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Sean CarrollAbstract:Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their use remains widespread. This article discusses an alternative procedure, termed the Verification Phase, for confirming the attainment of true VO2max. Following a continuous incremental exercise test to the limit of tolerance and appropriate recovery period, the Verification Phase is performed and is characterized by a supramaximal square wave exercise bout. Consistent peak VO2 values in the incremental and Verification Phases, confirms that a true VO2max has been attained. Six recent studies investigated the utility of the Verification Phase for evaluating true VO2max. These studies consistently found small insignificant mean differences between the maximal VO2 attained in the incremental and Verification Phases. However, this group mean approach does not identify individual subjects who may not have attained a true VO2max. Notably, only one of the six studies reported a criterion threshold to verify the VO2max of individual subjects. Further research is required to investigate the utility of different Verification Phase procedures and to establish a suitable Verification criterion threshold for confirming true VO2max.
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Emergence of the Verification Phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2009Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Sean CarrollAbstract:Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their use remains widespread. This article discusses an alternative procedure, termed the Verification Phase, for confirming the attainment of true VO2max. Following a continuous incremental exercise test to the limit of tolerance and appropriate recovery period, the Verification Phase is performed and is characterized by a supramaximal square wave exercise bout. Consistent peak VO2 values in the incremental and Verification Phases, confirms that a true VO2max has been attained. Six recent studies investigated the utility of the Verification Phase for evaluating true VO2max. These studies consistently found small insignificant mean differences between the maximal VO2 attained in the incremental and Verification Phases. However, this group mean approach does not identify individual subjects who may not have attained a true VO2max. Notably, only one of the six studies reported a criterion threshold to verify the VO2max of individual subjects. Further research is required to investigate the utility of different Verification Phase procedures and to establish a suitable Verification criterion threshold for confirming true VO2max.
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Verification Phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners
Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 2006Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Lars R Mcnaughton, Sean CarrollAbstract:This study investigated the utility of a Verification Phase for increasing confidence that a "true" maximal oxygen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (+/-SD), 38.7 (+/- 7.5 y)) during an incremental treadmill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a Verification Phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 km.h(-1) higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental Phase. Verification criteria were a Verification Phase peak oxygen uptake or= 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental Phase. Further research is required to improve the Verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.
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Verification Phase as a useful tool in the determination of the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners
Applied physiology nutrition and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee nutrition et metabolisme, 2006Co-Authors: Adrian W. Midgley, Lars R Mcnaughton, Sean CarrollAbstract:This study investigated the utility of a Verification Phase for increasing confidence that a ''true'' maximal oxy- gen uptake had been elicited in 16 male distance runners (mean age (±SD), 38.7 (± 7.5 y)) during an incremental tread- mill running test continued to volitional exhaustion. After the incremental test subjects performed a 10 min recovery walk and a Verification Phase performed to volitional exhaustion at a running speed 0.5 kmh -1 higher than that attained during the last completed stage of the incremental Phase. Verification criteria were a Verification Phase peak oxygen uptake £ 2% higher than the incremental Phase value and peak heart rate values within 2 beatsmin -1 of each other. Of the 32 tests, 26 satisfied the oxygen uptake Verification criterion and 23 satisfied the heart rate Verification criterion. Peak heart rate was lower (p = 0.001) during the Verification Phase than during the incremental Phase, suggesting that the Verification protocol was inadequate in eliciting maximal values in some runners. This was further supported by the fact that 7 tests exhibited peak oxygen uptake values over 100 mLmin -1 (‡ 3%) lower than the peak values attained in the incremental Phase. Fur- ther research is required to improve the Verification procedure before its utility can be confirmed.
Tom J. Hazell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is a Verification Phase needed to determine [Formula: see text]O2max across fitness levels?
European journal of applied physiology, 2021Co-Authors: Seth F Mccarthy, Jarryd M P Leung, Tom J. HazellAbstract:INTRODUCTION Current methods (plateau/secondary criteria) to determine maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2max) are inconsistently achieved leading some to suggest the use of a Verification Phase (VP) to confirm [Formula: see text]O2max. PURPOSE To provide further evidence for the inclusion of a VP to confirm [Formula: see text]O2max in different fitness levels. METHODS Forty-nine participants (22 females; 21.9 ± 2.6 years, 24.3 ± 2.8 kg m-2, 45.27 ± 7.68 mL kg-1 min-1) had their [Formula: see text]O2 and heart rate measured during three graded exercise tests (GXT) on separate days each followed by a VP of differing intensity (85%, 95%, 105% final workload). Participants were divided into groups using norms adapted from American College of Sports Medicine [Formula: see text]O2max guidelines (30.47-61.47 mL kg-1 min-1). [Formula: see text]O2max was confirmed if the [Formula: see text]O2peak on the VP or an additional GXT was within ± 2 × typical error of the [Formula: see text]O2peak attained on the first GXT. There was no effect of test number so the third GXT was not included in comparison with VP. RESULTS The [Formula: see text]O2peak from the first GXT was not different than either value attained following the VP at 95 or 105% workload or a second GXT (p > 0.999). The 85% VP [Formula: see text]O2peak was lower than the first GXT [Formula: see text]O2peak (p = 0.002). The VP confirmed the GXT [Formula: see text]O2peak on 73% of VP (no differences among fitness levels). Submaximal VP (85 and 95%) was less effective as 65% and 51% of participants achieved a higher [Formula: see text]O2peak on one of the GXT. CONCLUSION The use of a VP at 105% or a second GXT was able to confirm the [Formula: see text]O2max value attained across a range of fitness levels.
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Is a Verification Phase needed to determine $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max across fitness leve
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2021Co-Authors: Seth F Mccarthy, Jarryd M P Leung, Tom J. HazellAbstract:Introduction Current methods (plateau/secondary criteria) to determine maximal oxygen consumption ( $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max) are inconsistently achieved leading some to suggest the use of a Verification Phase (VP) to confirm $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max. Purpose To provide further evidence for the inclusion of a VP to confirm $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max in different fitness levels. Methods Forty-nine participants (22 females; 21.9 ± 2.6 years, 24.3 ± 2.8 kg m^−2, 45.27 ± 7.68 mL kg^−1 min^−1) had their $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2 and heart rate measured during three graded exercise tests (GXT) on separate days each followed by a VP of differing intensity (85%, 95%, 105% final workload). Participants were divided into groups using norms adapted from American College of Sports Medicine $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max guidelines (30.47–61.47 mL kg^−1 min^−1). $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max was confirmed if the $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak on the VP or an additional GXT was within ± 2 × typical error of the $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak attained on the first GXT. There was no effect of test number so the third GXT was not included in comparison with VP. Results The $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak from the first GXT was not different than either value attained following the VP at 95 or 105% workload or a second GXT ( p > 0.999). The 85% VP $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak was lower than the first GXT $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak ( p = 0.002). The VP confirmed the GXT $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak on 73% of VP (no differences among fitness levels). Submaximal VP (85 and 95%) was less effective as 65% and 51% of participants achieved a higher $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2peak on one of the GXT. Conclusion The use of a VP at 105% or a second GXT was able to confirm the $$ {\dot{\text{V}}} $$ V ˙ O_2max value attained across a range of fitness levels.
Antonio J Busalacchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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variability in equatorial pacific sea surface topography during the Verification Phase of the topex poseidon mission
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994Co-Authors: Antonio J Busalacchi, Michael J Mcphaden, Joel PicautAbstract:L' Abstract. As part of the Verification Phase of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission, 10-day gridded fields of altimeter data derived from TOPEX geophysical data records are compared with 10-day gridded fields of dynamic height derived from more than 60 moorings of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA-TAO) array in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Access to TAO data in real time permits the first 500 days of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission to be placed in the context of complementary, in situ measurements of surface winds, sea surface temperatures, and upper ocean thermal structure, as well as the time history of these variables prior to launch. Analysis of the space-time structure in the TOPEX and TAO surface topography data indicates sea level variability primarily due to equatorial Kelvin wave activity generated by intense wind bursts west of the date line in association with the 1991-1993 El Nino. Cross correlations between the two data sets are generally >0.7, witha RMS differences 5 cm north of the equator in the central and eastern Pacific.
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Variability in equatorial Pacific sea surface topography during the Verification Phase of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission
Journal of Geophysical Research, 1994Co-Authors: Antonio J Busalacchi, Michael J Mcphaden, Joel PicautAbstract:L' Abstract. As part of the Verification Phase of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission, 10-day gridded fields of altimeter data derived from TOPEX geophysical data records are compared with 10-day gridded fields of dynamic height derived from more than 60 moorings of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TOGA-TAO) array in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Access to TAO data in real time permits the first 500 days of the TOPEWPOSEIDON mission to be placed in the context of complementary, in situ measurements of surface winds, sea surface temperatures, and upper ocean thermal structure, as well as the time history of these variables prior to launch. Analysis of the space-time structure in the TOPEX and TAO surface topography data indicates sea level variability primarily due to equatorial Kelvin wave activity generated by intense wind bursts west of the date line in association with the 1991-1993 El Nino. Cross correlations between the two data sets are generally >0.7, witha RMS differences 5 cm north of the equator in the central and eastern Pacific.
